scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS ON WORKERS WHEN APPLYING OBERON RAPID 240 SC

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Inna Tkachenko ◽  
Anna Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Acute Toxic

the issue of uncontrolled pesticides application is quite acute in the system of state control over the use of chemical plant protection products and is of a global nature. Indeed, the dangerous effect of chemicals is a potential toxic effect on professional and non-professional contingents. Therefore, the study and forecasting of possible risks of negative effects of pesticides is an integral part of their implementation in the practical activities of agricultural and private farms. The aim was to predict the occurrence of acute toxic effects on workers involved in the treatment of crops with formulation based on the new insecticide spiromesifen and a representative of avermectins, abamectin. Materials and methods. To calculate the coefficients of possible inhalation poisoning, the physic-chemical properties and consumption rates of the studied active ingredients of the Oberon Rapid 240 SC formulation, the methodical approaches from State Standard 8.8.1.002-98 wase used, and to determine the possibility of acute toxic effects, taking into account the selectivity of their action, we used the Sergeev’s S.G. method, taking into account two ways of potential entry of chemicals into the body – inhalation and dermal. Results. According to the "Hygienic classification of pesticides by the degree of hazard", spiromesifen and abamectin, as well as formulation based on them, belong to the Ⅳth hazard class according to the coefficient of possible inhalation poisoning, which was less than 0.5. In terms of inhalation and dermal coefficients of selectivity of action, the studied compounds were classified as substances with a high selectivity of action, except for the value of the coefficient of inhalation action of abamectin, which was less than 100 and made it possible to classify the compound as substances with a relatively low selectivity of action. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a low possibility of acute poisoning when using formulations based on insecticides – spiromesifene and abamectin, as well as their relative safety in the occurrence of acute toxic effects when inhaled and in contact with the skin.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Therapeutic and Anticonvulsive Efficacy of a Drug Combination Consisting of Trihexyphenidyle and HI-6 in Soman-Poisoned Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Ivan Samnaliev
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Acute Toxic

1. The influence of two anticholinergic drugs (atropine, trihexyphenidyle) on the effectiveness of antidotal treatment to eliminate soman-induced lethal effects and convulsions was studied in rats. 2. The oxime HI-6 when combined with centrally acting anticholinergic drug trihexyphenidyle seems to be more efficacious in the elimination of acute toxic effects of soman than its combination with atropine. 3. The findings support the hypothesis that the choice of the anticholinergic drug is important for the effectiveness of antidotal mixture in the case of antidotal treatment of soman-induced acute poisoning.

scholarly journals Hygienic evaluation of the most common methods of agricultural crops treatment with chemical protection products (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
А.А. Borysenko ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
B.I. Shpak ◽  
S.Т. Omelchuk ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Safety Control

Global strategies, including application of chemical plant protection products, are important in the cultivation of safe corps and preservation of human health. A promising area of preventive medicine, agronomy, agroecology and agroengineering is the optimization of methods of pesticide formulations application. The aim of the work was a hygienic assessment of the most common and latest methods of crops treatment with chemical pesticides. Results. The biological effectiveness of different types of pesticides is achieved by different application rates of the working solution. The most common method of pesticide application is spraying, which ensures the application of pesticides in the drop-liquid state and is characterized by low consumption of active substance per unit area, variable-controlled distribution on the treatment surface, provides good adhesion and retention on facilities, allows the use of combined formulations. One of the most effective ways to minimize the negative impact of chemical plant protection products and achieve economic success is a rational approach to the choice of pesticide application, as it takes into account the hazard class of pesticides, the presence of water protection zones, the sensitivity of target crops, etc. Conclusion. Rational application of pesticides includes minimizing the overall effect of pesticides on human health and the environment and achieving high-targeted biological efficiency. Adherence to the methodology of choosing the type of pesticide application and selection of the type of spray is a key point in optimizing the rational use of chemical plant protection products, which requires a detailed study from the standpoint of both efficiency and safety. Control over compliance with the recommendations should be included in sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-ecological monitoring.

scholarly journals VitiMeteo and Agrometeo: Two platforms for plant protection management based on an international collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dubuis ◽  
G. Bleyer ◽  
R. Krause ◽  
O. Viret ◽  
A-L. Fabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
New Policies

The negative effects of plant protection products on the human health and the environment have become a major concern for consumers and politics in Europe. In the last years new policies for risk mitigation and reduction of use of synthetic pesticides has been enforce in Europe and Switzerland. A possible strategy to reduce the use of plant protection products is to spray according to the epidemic of diseases and pests by following decision support systems (DSS). The platform VitiMeteo offers a wide set of forecasting models for viticulture including downy and powdery mildew, black rot, grape berry moth and rust mite. Two research institutes the Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg (Germany) and Agroscope (Switzerland) developed VitiMeteo jointly. A consortium was built with the company Geosens (Germany) which is in charge of the programming of the different forecasting software. Each institute is running his own internet website with specific tools and feature for each country but the core of the system is the same. The combination of these different DSS allows a significant reduction of plant protection products used. All these forecasting systems and tools are freely available for the winegrowers on the platform www.vitimeteo.de and www.agrometeo.ch. The use of these platforms helps the winegrowers to meet current society's expectations.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONAL RISK FOR EMPLOYEES WHEN APPLICATING PESTICIDES FOR PROTECTION OF POTATOES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
S.T. Omelchuk ◽  
O.P. Vavrinevych ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
А.А. Borysenko ◽  
V.G. Bardov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Relevance Evaluation

Relevance. Evaluation of occupational risk in the application of various groups and classes of pesticides is an actual problem, since it is known that chemical plant protection products can cause both acute poisoning and long-term effects of the action, including neurotoxic effects if the application rules are not followed. Objective of the work was a hygienic assessment of the working conditions and occupational risk of workers when using pesticides Ampligo 150 ZC, Banjo Forte, SC, Blockbuster, CE, Zero, CE, Cloti-200, SC, Mistral Top, SC, Mistral, WG, Paritet, SC, Remontal, WG, Stomp Aqua, SC, T-2, SC, Fronda, SC on potatoes to substantiate the regulations for their safe application. Materials and methods. The occupational risk assessment was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations proposed by the specialists of the L.I. Medvedia Scientific Center for Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.22 and MS Excel software licensed statistical package (version 12.0.6425.1000, 2007). Results. It has been established that in real conditions of potatoes treatment with Ampligo 150 ZC, Banjo Forte, SC, Blockbuster, CE, Zero, CE, Cloti-200, SC, Mistral Top, SC, Mistral, WG, Paritet, SC, Remontal, WG, Stomp Aqua, SC, T-2, SC, Fronda, SC, while observing the recommended agrotechnical and hygienic regulations for safe application, there is no excess of hygienic standards in the working area air and it is proved that the Hygienic regulations of studied formulations safe application have been substantiated. Conclusion. A statistical analysis of the results showed that the magnitude of inhalation risk was significantly higher for tractor drivers than for refuellers (p<0.05). The value of the combined complex risk of the studied formulations application for refuellers was significantly lower than that for the tractor drivers.

scholarly journals STATUS AND ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE PESTICIDES INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
F. S. Melnychuk ◽  
О. A. Marchenko ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi ◽  
L. M. Melnychuk ◽  
М. S. Retman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Harmful Organisms

Relevance of research. Ukraine's agriculture is one of the world leaders in production and export. The assortment of chemical plant protection products by status on 2019 which used in agriculture has more than two thousand preparations based on hundreds of active substances. In today's difficult climatic conditions, crop growing requires the use of a scientific approach, innovative technology and the introduction of new technologies. One of these is pestigation (irrigation pesticide application), which allows a uniform distribution and precise placement of chemicals independently of weather or field conditions. The selection of a modern assortment of chemicals that can be effectively used in pest control against certain harmful organisms is one of the actual directions of irrigation and requires research in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the pesticides application in integrated protection systems and the environmental safety of their use on the example of non-target objects. Materials and methods of research.  Methods of scientific analysis and synthesis, generalization of the results of field and laboratory analyzes were used in the study, which included: - phyto-expertise of seed and plant material; - rapid analyzes during the growing season of crops; - agrochemical analysis of soils; - detailed soil analysis; - study of environmental hazards of chemicals for aquatic, soil and terrestrial ecosystems: - detailed analysis of water. The application of plant protection products makes it possible to improve the ecological condition of agrocenosis, the conditions of the working area, while increasing crop productivity. Application methods of plant protection reagents with irrigation water and combined protection schemes for row crops, which are used in integrated crop protection systems, are presented. It has been established that one of the significant disadvantage of application plant protection reagents with irrigation water is the limitation of the pesticide treatment time. The developed combined scheme for the row crops protection provides for the prophylactic treatment of pesticide in a short time by the traditional way, depending on the phytosanitary condition of the crops, which provides a significant increase of yield compared to other methods of application. It has also been proven that effectiveness  of plant protection reagents is not the same against certain targets upon application different methods of pesticides treatment . Therefore, it is noted that for developing technological schemes for protecting crops against harmful organisms, it is necessary to thoroughly study the phytosanitary situation in the area where crops are located and to determine the targets for which pesticides are applied. The directions of research on the influence of pesticides on ecosystems are given, namely, the environmental safety of pesticides for the soil ecosystem (toxic effects on groundworms and microorganisms), the aquatic ecosystem (toxic effects on fish, daphnia, and algae) and the terrestrial ecosystem (toxic effects on birds and bees). It is noted that one of the methods to prevent the harmful effects of toxic substances on non-target objects of ecosystems is hygienic regulation of their use. Ecological and toxicological assessment of pesticides was carried out by determining their toxicity after a single injection in a sharp experiment, which allows determining the species susceptibility of a living organism to a chemical reagent. Probit’ analysis method was used to calculate the toxicity in the analysis of the various drugs effects which is the most exact at the present time. The influence of agrochemicals on the structural and functional changes in the microbial cenosis of the soil was determined by a quantitative analysis of agronomical valuable ecological and trophic and taxonomic groups of microorganisms, by assessing the rate of respiration of the soil by the amount of carbon dioxide released. The tendencies of search and fundamental research in the water management field and land reclamation were analyzed in order to improve modern approaches to plant growing.

Interaction of soil humin fraction with pesticides - a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka ◽  
Jerzy Weber ◽  
Elżbieta Jamroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Humin Fraction ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The use of pesticides significantly influences the efficiency of agriculture production, but at the same time, their extensive and widespread use, raises serious concerns regarding the release of harmful substances into the environment [1,2]. The fate of pesticides in soil depends on many factors related mainly to the physico-chemical properties of these compounds as well as content and quality of organic matter [3]. Humin as the predominant fraction of organic matter, may significantly determine the behavior and transformations of pesticides in soil [5]. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the state of the art of humin-pesticides mutual interactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sorption-related studies showed that humin has dissimilar binding strengths with pesticides [4,5]. According to Pignatello [7], the sorption selectivity by humin has a number of potential causes: (1) preference for particular microdomains within fractions that are envisioned to segregate on the basis of functional group identity (aromatic, paraffinic, carbohydrate domains); (2) preference based on strong functional group interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and (3) preference based on the nature of the thermodynamic physical state of humin, namely the configurations and conformations of the molecules and strands at microstructural level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, humin exhibits potentially different accumulation capacities for xenobiotics. Wang et al. [9] explained these relations with the limited accessibility to microporous domains of humin matrices for the larger-molecular-weight particles. The authors [9] observed a lower adsorbed mass of spatially developed compounds compared to compounds with small diameters. This process is probably most likely related to the structural rearrangement of the humin matrix under slow diffusion into microporous domains pronounced with the adsorption of large molecular weight compounds. Additionally, Pignatello [7] as well as Schaumann [4,5] indicated that the humin surface is covered with various polar and non-polar functionalities, which may efficiently interact with pesticides by van der Waals forces, hydrophobic attraction, hydrogen bonding, charge transfer or ligand exchange processes. Nevertheless, the chemical properties of pesticides as well as their coexistence with other chemical compounds i.e.: surfactants, coagulants, decomposition inhibitors and others [8] can modify the interactions of pesticides with humin in natural soil environment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Literature:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] FAO, ITPS Global Assessment of the Impact of Plant Protection Products on Soil Functions and Soil Ecosystems. FAO, Rome 2017, 40 pp.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Silva, V.; Mol, H.; Zomer, P.; Tienstra, M.; Ritsema, C.J.; Geissena, V. Sci. Total. Environ.&amp;#160; 2019, 653, 1532&amp;#8211;1545.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Stolte, J.; Tesfai, M.; &amp;#216;ygarden, L.; Kv&amp;#230;rn&amp;#248;, S.; Keizer, J.; Verheijen, F.; et al. Soil Threats in Europe: Status, Methods, Drivers and Effects on Ecosystem 4 Services, 2016, Report&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] Stevenson F. 1994, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] Schaumann G. 2006a, J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 169:145&amp;#8211;156&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[6] Schaumann G. 2006b, J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 169:157&amp;#8211;167&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[7] Pignatello J. 2012, &amp;#160;J Soils Sediments 12:1241&amp;#8211;1256&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[8] Ehlers, G.; Loibner, A. 2006, Environ. Pollut. 141, 494-512&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[9] Wang X, Guo X, Yang Y, Tao S, Xing B. 2011, Environ Sci Technol 45:2124&amp;#8211;2130&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acknowledgement: The studies were supported from the National Science Centre project no. 2018/31/B/ST10/00677 &amp;#8220;Chemical and spectroscopic properties of soil humin fraction in relation to their mutual interaction with pesticides&amp;#8221;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Influence of the Time of Antidotal Treatment Administration on Its Effectiveness Against Tabun-Induced Poisoning in Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Treatment Administration ◽  
Time Of Administration ◽  
Acute Toxic

1. The influence of the time of administration of antidotal treatment consisting of anticholinergic drug (atropine) and oxime (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 or trimedoxime) on its effectiveness to eliminate tabun-induced lethal effects was studied in mice. 2. The therapeutic efficacy of antidotal treatment of tabun-induced acute poisoning depends on the time of its administration when obidoxime or the oxime HI-6 was used as an acetylcholinesterase reactivator. 3. Pralidoxime is practically ineffective to eliminate acute toxic effects of tabun regardless of the time of its administration. 4. Our results show that trimedoxime seems to be the most effective to eliminate lethal effects of tabun. In addition, its efficacy does not decrease when it is administered 5 min after tabun poisoning. 5. The findings support the hypothesis that trimedoxime appears to be the most suitable oxime to counteract acute toxicity of tabun because of its ability to eliminate lethal effects of tabun when it is injected 5 min after tabun challenge on the contrary to other oximes tested.

scholarly journals Acute Toxic Effects of Cadmium in Larvae of the Green Toad, Pseudepidalea Variabilis (Pallas, 1769) (Amphibia: Anura)

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Gürkan ◽  
Ayşe Çetin ◽  
Sibel Hayretdaĝ
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cadmium Treatment ◽  
Green Toad ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Acute Toxic

AbstractThe environmental impact of cadmium use and its accumulation in nature have increased to alarming levels. This study aimed to morphologically and histologically investigate the acute toxic effects of cadmium on green toad, Pseudepidalea variabilis (Pallas, 1769) larvae. Embryos were obtained from specimens collected in amplexus from nature and kept under laboratory conditions until stage 26, when they were exposed to cadmium (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 Lig L-1) for 96 h. The LC10 LC50, and LC90 values of cadmium were calculated to be 26.98, 35.35, and 46.31 Lig L-1, respectively. Our results showed that cadmium had a negative effect on the body size of P. variabilis larvae (over 1 ng L-1). Histological examination detected a fusion of gill lamellae, liver haemorrhage, oedema in the abdominal cavity, and deformations of pronephric tubules (over 10 ng L-1). Our findings suggest that the green toad was sensitive to the cadmium treatment, with LC50 values lower than those reported by other studies. Thus, this species could be considered a reliable indicator species of environmental stress in aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Interactions of mercury in the environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Małuszyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Popenda ◽  
Marcin J. Małuszyński
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Interactions of mercury in the environment. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern largely due to its potential for biological transformation into harmful forms and bioaccumulation through the food chains. Mercury is not able to biodegrade in the environment and it forms many toxic inorganic and organic complexes. The strongest harmful effects of mercury concerns the central nervous system. The harmful effects of mercury is very stable, because the mercury compounds bind to enzymes. Getting into the brain, mercury displace zinc from brain tissue, and thus reduces the efficiency of the brain. Then excreted in the cell nuclei and destroys the genetic material. The antagonism between zinc and mercury partially modifies its toxic effects. Mercury is combined with active groups of proteins and amino acids, accumulating in the body. Selenium has similar affinity, limiting connects these groups with mercury, reducing its toxicity. Antagonists are also cadmium, mercury and zinc, but their effects are most likely related with the action of selenium. Antagonist for mercury is also iodine content in the thyroid gland which is lowered, the excessive concentration of mercury in the body. It is known that taking selenium, zinc and thiols, e.g. GSH and NAC, are of prime importance in considering effects on human organisms as well as the level of its excretion. Due to the fact that interactions are dynamic and poorly understood at present the better understanding of their role requires the further studies. Despite that have been identified interactions between elements and mercury, limiting its toxic effects, we still do not have sufficient knowledge about how to reduce the negative effects of this element on the human body. The definition of what is an acceptable daily dose of mercury for humans also does not quarantee protection of the health, because we do not know the exact limits of tolerance for different follow-up effects of prolonged exposure to low concentrations. It should also be pointed out that the interactions are dynamic and weakly understood at present. The better understanding of the role the afore-mentioned particles may be crucial in the to study the interaction between mercury and various environmental components and to find a substance that interacts with mercury to reduce its toxicity to living organisms

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