scholarly journals Improvement of the calculation methodology for covering constructions of the covered field fortifications to ensure the survivability of troops in a modern armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-295
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Voloshchenko ◽  
Mykola Kushnirenko ◽  
Ihor Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
High Explosive ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Explosive Action ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Improved Technique ◽  
And Control

The task of improvement of the calculation methodology for covering constructions of the covered field fortifications against shell-hole, penetration, ricochet and high-explosive action is solved to ensure the survivability of troops in a modern armed conflict. An analysis of the 2014-2018 anti-terrorist operation and the ongoing Joint Forces operation proves that artillery, mortar and aircraft high-destructive munitions are currently the main means of firing the enemy. Under such conditions, the survival of our troops directly depends on their effective shelter in covered field fortifications. An important element of the arrangement of such fortifications is the calculation of the structures of their covering against penetration, shell-holing, ricocheting and high-explosive action, which are performed to determine the structure of the covering, its material and thickness. The novelty of the improved technique, unlike the existing ones, is that the calculations of the covering structures take into account the shape of the warhead of artillery, mortar and aircraft ammunition, the angle of encounter and the final speed of these munitions at the moment of their impact on the covered fortification and the pliability of the covering material. Here are given the examples of calculation for the closed field fortifications structures against penetration of the warhead into the covering material, cases of punching the covering material enclosed with brittle material, ricochet of the warhead from the covering and destruction of the covering as a result of high explosive action. The obtained results will be used to calculate the protective structures of long-term fortifications for command and control centres and field hospitals.

Automated sequencing batch bioreactor under extreme peaks of 4-chlorophenol

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Buitrón ◽  
M.-E. Schoeb ◽  
J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
System Operating

The operation of a sequencing batch bioreactor is evaluated when high concentration peaks of a toxic compound (4-chlorophenol, 4CP) are introduced into the reactor. A control strategy based on the dissolved oxygen concentration, measured on line, is utilized. To detect the end of the reaction period, the automated system search for the moment when the dissolved oxygen has passed by a minimum, as a consequence of the metabolic activity of the microorganisms and right after to a maximum due to the saturation of the water (similar to the self-cycling fermentation, SCF, strategy). The dissolved oxygen signal was sent to a personal computer via data acquisition and control using MATLAB and the SIMULINK package. The system operating under the automated strategy presented a stable operation when the acclimated microorganisms (to an initial concentration of 350 mg 4CP/L), were exposed to a punctual concentration peaks of 600 mg 4CP/L. The 4CP concentrations peaks superior or equals to 1,050 mg/L only disturbed the system from a short to a medium term (one month). The 1,400 mg/L peak caused a shutdown in the metabolic activity of the microorganisms that led to the reactor failure. The biomass acclimated with the SCF strategy can partially support the variations of the toxic influent since, at the moment in which the influent become inhibitory, there is a failure of the system.

Design and Analysis of Reduced Degree of Freedom Modular Snake Robot

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Racioppo ◽  
Wael Saab ◽  
Pinhas Ben-Tzvi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Snake Robot ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Revolute Joints ◽  
Modular Units ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the design and analysis of an underactuated, cable driven mechanism for use in a modular robotic snake. The proposed mechanism is composed of a chain of rigid links that rotate on parallel revolute joints and are actuated by antagonistic cable pairs and a multi-radius pulley. This design aims to minimize the cross sectional area of cable actuated robotic snakes and eliminate undesirable nonlinearities in cable displacements. A distinctive feature of this underactuated mechanism is that it allows planar serpentine locomotion to be accomplished with only two modular units, improving the snake’s ability to conform to desired curvature profiles and minimizing the control complexity involved in snake locomotion. First, the detailed mechanism and cable routing scheme are presented, after which the kinematics and dynamics of the system are derived and a comparative analysis of cable routing schemes is performed, to assist with design synthesis and control. The moment of inertia of the mechanism is modeled, for future use in the implementation of three-dimensional modes of snake motion. Finally, a planar locomotion strategy for snake robots is devised, demonstrated in simulation, and compared with previous studies.

scholarly journals Praca, robotnicy, archiwa, fotografia — utrwalanie stereotypów i walka o emancypację

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ferenc
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working People ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Tool

Work, workers, and workers’ living conditions quickly became a field of interest for photographers. Already by the middle of the 19th century there were photographs showing working people. Nevertheless, the contexts in which such photographs were taken varied considerably. The first part of this article presents, in the historical perspective, the different causes and strategies involved in making these types of documents, up to the moment when photographs began to appear that had been made by workers themselves. The movement to photograph workers, which developed in the first decades of the 20th century, is recalled in the second part of the article (using the examples of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia). The third part is devoted to photographic projects whose purpose was to increase the productivity of, and control over, workers. Photography is presented as a scientific tool for measuring movement and as an illustration of the most effective manners of organizing work. At the end, the Digital Repository of Worker Photography is described, as an example of work on a collection of photos and the creation of a platform permitting further work, but also as a legal and methodological problem.

scholarly journals Development of a Pull Production Control Method for ETO Companies and Simulation for the Metallurgical Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gejo García ◽  
Sergio Gallego-García ◽  
Manuel García-García
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

At the moment, many engineer-to-order manufacturers are under pressure, the overcapacity in many sectors erodes prices and many companies, especially in Europe have gone into recent years in bankruptcy. Due to the increasing competition as well as the new customer requirements, the internal processes of an ETO company play an essential role in order to achieve a unique selling proposition (USP). Therefore this paper exposes how the production planning and control of an engineer-to-order manufacturer can be designed in order to increase its OTD (order-to-delivery) rate as well as decrease the WIP (work-in-progress) and the production lead times. To prove the optimized planning logic, it was applied in a simulation case study and based on the results; the conclusions about its potential are derived.

Motives for ‘Disappearances’ in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay in the 1970s

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang S. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at the motives of military governments in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay to introduce ‘disappearances’ as a new method to fight ‘subversion’ and thereby commit human rights violations. Five variables are taken as a point of departure, the country's previous experience with use of state violence, the selection of victims, the role of international public opinion, the selection of methods within the state and ideological factors. Among the key elements were in two countries the shift of responsibility for the use of violence to the military before the coup (except Chile), a lack of civilian control and influence in the formulation and control of internal security policies and an overwhelming, confused ideological definition in Argentina and in Chile (to a lesser degree in Uruguay) of the armed conflict as a war between good and evil and against World Communism which endangered the survival of the nation.

An improved technique of expanding metal ring experiment under high explosive loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 043908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiegang Tang ◽  
Guowu Ren ◽  
Zhaoliang Guo ◽  
Qingzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Explosive ◽  
Explosive Loading ◽  
Metal Ring ◽  
Improved Technique

REGULATION AND CONTROL OF SUBJECTIVITY AND PRIVATE LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF ARMED CONFLICT IN COLOMBIA1

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela María Estrada ◽  
Carolina Ibarra ◽  
Estefanía Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Private Life ◽  
And Control

Design and operating experiences of municipal MBRs in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2319-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Itokawa ◽  
C. Thiemig ◽  
J. Pinnekamp
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Membrane Flux ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

The number of membrane bioreactor (MBR) installations is increasing worldwide, not only for small-scale industrial WWTPs but also for larger-scale municipal WWTPs. In Europe, MBR has been installed in municipal WWTPs since late 1990s, and more than 100 full-scale plants are operated at the moment. In this paper, present state of European municipal MBRs is described in terms of design and operating conditions, as well as operating problems and their solutions, based on the information collected from 17 full-scale WWTPs by interview and questionnaire survey. Decisive factors of MBR installation at these plants were footprint and effluent quality. Full-aerobic and pre-denitrification were the most common reactor configurations, nearly half of them being equipped with independent filtration tanks. Operating conditions of bioreactor and filtration, including membrane flux and cleaning strategy, were different from plant to plant, as a result of plant-specific optimization experiences, even among the similar type of membrane. Operating problems specific for MBR were reported, including blocking/failure of pre-screen, sludging/hair-clogging of membrane, damage on membrane unit, air in permeate pipes, as well as conventional troubles including occurrence of scum and initial trouble in instrumentation and control systems. Aspects for further optimization of MBR design were also pointed out by the operators.

scholarly journals Law and Organization: Presidential Address the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bassett Moore
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
American Political Science Association ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Mind ◽  
American Political Science ◽  
Science Association

Webster, as a prelude to his reply to Hayne, asked for the reading of the resolution before the Senate, in order that the mind of his hearers might be led back to the original and perhaps forgotten subject of the debate. Today we may well imitate his example, by recurring to fundamental principles. For five months we have stood in the presence of one of the most appalling wars in history, appalling not only because of its magnitude and destructiveness but also because of its frustration of hopes widely cherished that the progress of civilization had rendered an armed conflict between the leading powers of the world morally impossible. As a result we have since the outbreak of the great conflict been tossing about on the stormy sea of controversy, distrustful of our charts and guides, and assailed on every hand with cries of doubt and despair. We have been told that there is no such thing as international law; that, even if its existence be admitted, it is at most nothing but what superior force for the time being ordains; that international understandings, even when embodied in treaties, are practically worthless, being obligatory only so long as they may be conceived to subserve the interests or necessities of the moment; that the only security for the observance of international rules, general or conventional, is force, and that in force we must in the last analysis find our sole reliance.

scholarly journals Prisonniers de Guerre aux Mains de Leur Puissance D’origine : Pour Une Application des Conventions de Genève Jusqu’à Leur « Libération et Rapatriement Définitifs »

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Frédéric Gouin
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Sont Encore ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Cette Position

This paper assumes that at least some of the persons detained within the framework of the global confrontation against terrorism should have been granted the status of prisoners of war. This raises the question of what should be happening to these prisoners of war once they are transferred to their country of origin. Persons deprived of freedom within the framework of theglobal confrontation against terrorism are considered as enemies by both the detaining authorities and the authorities from their country of origin. This is happening either because the latter changed between the moment they were made prisoners and the moment they were transferred (e.g. Afghanistan, Iraq) or because the have always been part of the opposition to their authorities. Being transferred to a country which should have offered them at least consular protection, and did not, means that they are once again jailed, abused, tortured, threatened, deprived of contacts with their family, etc. This paper argues that prisoners of war should continue to benefit from this status if they are transferred to a country that will continue to detain them essentially because of their participation to an armed conflict, even if the receiving country is the prisoner of war’s country of origin. This position is founded on three arguments: (1) the Geneva POW Convention specifies it continues to apply until “final release and repatriation”; (2) international obligations forbid transferring someone to a country where they fear persecution; (3) loyalty instead of nationality should be the basis to determine whether an individual is entitled to the protection of the Geneva POW Convention.Dans cet article, on présume que le statut de prisonnier de guerre aurait dû être accordé à au moins certaines personnes détenues dans le cadre de la confrontation globale contre le terrorisme. Cela soulève la question à savoir ce qui devrait arriver à ces prisonniers de guerre une fois qu’ils sont transférés à leur pays d’origine. Les personnes privées de leur liberté dans le cadre de la confrontation globale contre le terrorisme sont considérées comme des ennemis et par les autorités qui les détiennent et par les autorités de leur pays d’origine. Cela est le cas soit parce que celles-ci ont changé entre le moment qu’on en a fait des prisonniers et le moment de leur transfert (ex. l’Afghanistan, l’Irak) soit parce qu’ils ont toujours fait partie de l’opposition à leurs autorités. Le transfert à un pays qui aurait dû leur offrir au moins la protection consulaire, et ne l’a pas fait, signifie qu’ils sont encore une fois mis en prison, abusés, torturés, menacés, privés de contact avec leur famille, etc. Dans cet article, on soutient que les prisonniers de guerre devraient continuer à bénéficier de ce statut si ils sont transférés à un pays qui va continuer à les détenir essentiellement à cause de leur participation à un conflit armé, même si le pays qui les reçoit est le pays d’origine du prisonnier de guerre. Cette position repose sur trois arguments : (1) la Convention de Genève sur les prisonniers de guerre précise qu’elle continue à s’appliquer jusqu’à «la libération et le rapatriement définitifs»; (2) les obligations internationales interdisent de transférer quelqu’un à un pays où il ou elle craint être persécuté; (3) la loyauté plutôt que la nationalité devrait être la base pour déterminer si un individu a droit à la protection de la Convention de Genève sur les prisonniers de guerre.

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