scholarly journals Foundations of the Descriptive Study of Religions in Muslim History: A Conceptual Analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Others

The classical Muslim scholarly tradition produced an assortment of literature on different religions including a considerable number of descriptive studies, a phenomenon that leaves imposing questions. Most importantly, how a pre-modern civilization was able to generate a tradition of descriptive scholarship on different religions in the absence of conditions such as the western modernity that supposedly factored the emergence of the modern academic study of religion needs to be explored. The current paper ventures to answer this question. It argues that certain features of the Qur’ānic worldview, such as the repeated invitation to observe the signs of God in time and space through travel in the land/across the world and to ponder upon the history of various nations coupled with the exhortation to use reason generated curiosity about different civilizations of the world as well as their religious heritage. Moreover, the Qur’ānic view of the universality of the religious phenomenon as a divine plan also encouraged a sober disposition towards religious others in cases under discussion. On the other hand, the meticulous historiographical techniques and methods for the interpretation of texts developed by Muslim historians, theologians, and jurists afforded the needed methodological apparatus for the said undertaking. The current paper further concludes that the same epistemology and methodological foundations can be appropriated according to/keeping in view the needs of the time to promote a credible study of religion/s in contemporary Muslim societies

Can Theological Language Have Hidden Meaning?

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
John Morreall
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theological Language

Any reflective account of theological language acknowledges very early that words drawn from our experience with creatures have special meanings when applied to God. Because God transcends the created world, we cannot take predicates which apply to creatures and apply them to God without modification. And the more transcendent God is understood to be, the more modified will our language taken from creatures have to be when it is used in theology. A primitive theism which thinks of God simply as a very powerful person will view the difference between God and creatures as merely a matter of degree and not of kind. In such a view God transcends things in the world only in that he has a greater degree of the properties we find in creatures, so that predicates taken from creatures, ‘wise’ and ‘strong’, for example, can be applied to God in almost a straightforward way. The only change in meaning is that God is moreknowing and stronger. In a more sophisticated theism such as Judaism or Christianity, on the other hand, God' transcendence is seen not simply as a difference in degrees of properties, but as a difference in kind. The being God is is radically other than the kinds of beings we find in the created world. Indeed, it is sometimes claimed that God is not even ‘a being’, a thing which exists; rather God is ‘being itself’, ‘pure existence’. Aquinas, for instance, held that God does not haveproperties. God is absolutely simple, and so if we can talk about properties at all in talking about God, we have to say that God is identical to God' properties. God, too, differs radically from creatures in that he is not in time and space, nor is he dependent on anything else. But our language used with creatures is full of explicit or implicit references to time and space and to dependence, so that we cannot take our ordinary terms derived from our experience with spatio-temporal, dependent creatures and apply them straightforwardly to God.

scholarly journals III.—On the Process of Decay in Glass, and, incidentally, on the Composition and Texture of Glass at different periods, and the History of its Manufacture

Archaeologia ◽  
1880 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Glass is, in many respects, one of the most remarkable substances in the world. No known substance combines such varied uses with such matchless beauties. For innumerable domestic purposes it has for centuries been considered a necessity of daily life. Without glass innumerable paths in science and the arts would never have been explored; and in these paths progress has been made in proportion as the methods of making glass have been improved. On the other hand the peculiar beauties inherent in or incident to this material are so great that at no period in history has man been able to grasp completely more than one of them at once. The Venetians realized above all others the marvellous capacity of glass for being wrought into all kinds of beautiful forms; our Gothic forefathers developed beyond all others its capabilities in respect of colour; the Phoenicians and Romans did wonders both in form and colour, but were nevertheless inferior to the Venetians in the former, and to our Gothic forefathers in the latter; we, in our day, excel in developing to the utmost (wonderful talent that it is!) the crystalline transparency and brilliancy of glass, but it is in this direction only that we have any true art or artists—in form and colour we do comparatively nothing. Thus, in each instance, the full realization of a period has been but as it were a passing glimpse—it has never been found possible to retain it, so as to carry it into the full realization of another period; even as the highest natural beauty is but for a moment—it increases until maturity, and then immediately begins to fade.

Dressed Up and On the Go: Women Cyclists in Modern Japan

China Report ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-281
Author(s):  
Nidhi Maini
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Ranking alongside the top bicycling nations of the world, Japan today boasts of a deeply engrained cycling culture. While the technological prowess of Japan’s bicycle industry is well known, there exists no scholarly study investigating the socio-cultural impact of cycling in Japan, specifically its role in emancipation of women. How the modern women of Japan scaled barriers to mobility riding their way to modernity in an oppressive male-dominated society is not yet known. The objective of this paper is to examine women cyclists in Japan in the context of modernisation. On the one hand, viewing bicycles helps examine the Japanese economy from the perspective of ordinary women as active consumers (as against their passive image) whose demand for bicycles was certainly an essential ingredient for the growth of bicycle industry. On the other hand, it serves to question the predominant view of consumption stagnation in interwar Japan. Most importantly, as countries around the world continue to make laudable efforts to encourage women cyclists, a leaf can be drawn by policymakers from the history of forgotten cycling heroines of Japan to accelerate women’s socio-economic empowerment.

Plotinus and Posidonius

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Witt
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theory Of Ideas ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Platonic Theory

Probably no philosopher of antiquity has occasioned more daring speculations and the expression of graver doubts than Posidonius. On the one hand it has been argued that he was purely a man of science and hardly a Stoic philosopher at all. On the other hand he has been called the first and greatest Stoic mystic who under Oriental influence spurned the body as vile and earthly. Reinhardt has of late years resolutely maintained that the importance of Posidonius in the history of thought lies in his having originated a completely new Vitalism, and that his conception of the world is one in which ‘Subjekt und Objekt, Geist und Wissen, Mensch und Gott, νος und ζω durch eine im Bewusstsein neu erwachte Kraft sich einen und durchdringen: durch die “Sympathie.”’ Among other German scholars Geffcken holds that Plotinus borrowed much from Posidonius, and Jaeger roundly declares that if Posidonius had but found a place for the Platonic Ideas, there would have been nothing left for Plotinus to find. Schmekel and Bréhier have both stated that modifying the Platonic Theory of Ideas Posidonius established an identification between the Ideas and the Spermatic Logoi of Stoicism.

M.M. Prishvin and B.A. Pilnyak: To the history of creative relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Svyatoslavsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability

The article considers the history of creative and personal relationships of M. Prishvin and B. Pilnyak from 1922 to the beginning of the 1930s, basing on epistolary and diary entries. In the presence of stable, largely friendly relations between the two writers, their character was complicated by Prishvin’s very critical attitude towards his fellow writer, expressed in a number of sharp assessments of some of Pilnyak’s works. On the other hand, it is noted that Prishvin appreciates the artistic talent of Pilnyak as a master of vivid sketchy images. The discussion on the comparative analysis of Pilnyak’s novel “The Naked Year” written on fresh traces of the revolution and Prishvin’s novel “The World Cup” with the involvement of A.K. Voronsky and L.D. Trotsky was separately considered. The author of the article sees some sort of paradox in the Prishvins’ negative position regarding Pilniak’s novel in the obvious genre-stylistic commonality of both works, marked by traits of expressionism and “ornamental prose”. The article also attempts to explain the reasons for the stability of relations between the two writers over the years through a certain commonality of their views in terms of the historical fate of Russia, which made them, by and large, allies in the difficult ideological struggle of the 1920s and 30s.

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Religious Narratives: The Study of “Jihad Nikah” Narratives in ISIS Al-Qur’an Perspective

Dialog ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Haris Fatwa Dinal Maula
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Recruits

ISIS uses the term “marriage jihad” narrative to attract new recruits, especially among women. Although ISIS was declared defeated in 2016, the seeds of the “jihadi brides” narrative can still be found in some acts of terrorism around the world even today. Hence, the study of “marriage jihad” is seen very relevant and urgent to be conducted. “Marriage jihad” narrative, according to them, emphasizes the importance of expecting mothers who will deliver warriors and soldiers who involved in their holy war. On the other hand, this narrative is also used to legitimize biological motives of ISIS combatants. Based on human rights perspective, this narrative is the kind of women slavery who are perceived as sexual objects. This is often wrapped in religious terminology, such “for the sake of Islam”. The “marriage jihad”phrase which has never been found in the history of Islamic discourse is analyzed through the perspectives of the Qur’an based on Ma’na Cum Maghza approach. According to the Qur’anic perspectives, both jihad and marriage have the same goal, that is to build a vision of peace and compassion. So the narrative of the “marriage jihad” initiated by ISIS is certainly at odd with the Islamic principles. ISIS menggunakan narasi “jihad nikah” untuk menarik calon anggota baru, khususnya perempuan. Meskipun ISIS sudah dinyatakan kalah pada 2016, benih-benih narasi “jihadi brides” masih bisa ditemui dalam aksi-aksi terorisme di seluruh dunia bahkan hingga saat ini. Hal ini yang membuat kajian tentang narasai “jihad nikah” menjadi relevan dan urgen. Artikel ini membahas tentang eksploitasi terminologi agama dalam agenda propaganda ISIS yaitu “jihad nikah”. Narasi ini, menurut mereka, menekankan pentingnya perempuan untuk dihamili agar kelak anak-anak yang lahir menjadi pejuang dan prajurit yang memperjuangkan mereka. Di sisi lain, narasi ini juga digunakan sebagai legitimasi kebutuhan syahwat para kombatan ISIS yang sedang berada di medan perang. Frase jihad nikah tidak pernah ditemukan dalam sejarah diskursus Islam. Tulisan ini mengupas narasi jihad nikah dalam perspektif al-Qur’an dengan pendekatan Ma’na Cum Maghza. Menurut sudut pandang tafsir al-Qur’an, jihad dan nikah mempunyai tujuan yang serupa yaitu membangun visi perdamaian dalam kasih sayang. Maka narasi jihad nikah yang diprakarsai oleh ISIS tersebut tentu bertolak belakang dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam.

scholarly journals PRINSIP KEMASHALAHATAN UMAT DAN PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP HUKUM DALAM BINGKAI KESADARAN MULTIKULTUR KEHIDUPAN BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Life ◽  
The Law ◽  
Progressive Religion

Indonesia is a country inhabited by various tribes, races and religions. A long history of Indonesian nation with various ethnics make kind of multicultural religious which is brought lives phenomenon. Islam as the majority religion in Indonesia provides significant meaning in appreciating benefit and respecting the diversity religious of people in Indonesia. The concept of rahmatan lil Alamin is seeded according to the context in Indonesia. Thus, an inclusive understanding by collocated Islam as a progressive religion nowadays becomes a necessity to solve problems and the importance of a complex human beneficial. On the other hand, the necessity of multicultural awarenness of religious in Indonesia made this country as barometer of other country in appreciating a fair law to all the citizens, but when the diversity of this nation does not respect other religions, it will bother the religious‟ stability and national life in the country. Islam has given point of views in national life and taught how to respect other people who has different belief. So, people who has different belief should do the same to appreciate Islam. The history of the world has taught us about the importance of appreciate people and respect the law for the nation, then the nation will be a peaceful and prosperous country.

The Legal Position of Tibet (1954)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Position

This chapter assesses the legality of China’s claim to Tibet. The Chinese government justified their invasion of Tibet by their claim to suzerainty. It is argued that if the history of Chinese suzerainty over Tibet is allowed to be justified, China has no right and has violated the independence of Tibet. If, on the other hand, China is allowed to rely on treaties, old titles, and legal conceptions which are believed to be dead, such reliance defeats the most sacred notions of international law in Asia, according to which such treaties, titles, and conceptions must give way whenever the independence of nations in this and other parts of the world is at stake.

scholarly journals Seramik Çaydanlıklar ve Türklerde Çay Kültürü

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
İsmail Yardımcı ◽  
Mediha Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Drinking Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tea Drinking

Tea and the culture related to tea were formed later in the history of the Turks than in various countries of the world. However, the traces of tea culture have been permanent. Because, together with the tea culture created by the Turks today, it has become an irreplaceable value in social life. Thus, tea quickly adapted to Turkish culture. As a result of this fusion, many intellectual innovations were presented in the process from the production of tea to the consumption of tea by the Turks. It is claimed that Turks have a serious contribution to the development of tea drinking culture. Accordingly, the thinness of the cups in which tea is drunk, the method of brewing tea and so on. Other cultures were enriched by the Turks. Such an interest in tea culture has led to the enrichment of ceramic teapots in terms of form. The teapot fulfills the function of drinking tea in a way; on the other hand, it is artistic and is a form produced for art, without the purpose of functionality.

scholarly journals KAPTAI LAKE BASED LIVELIHOOD & THE DEVELOPMENT IN RANGAMATI: A DEVELOPMENT OBSERVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
MD. AMIRUL ISLAM
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Political History ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Impact

The Chittagong Hill Tract is a diverse part of Bangladesh for its ethnic diversity. The indigenous community has fame of simplicity and friendly across the world but in CHT! It has a different political history of the peach accord, pre-peach ach accord unrest situation, engagement of military, a riot between tribal and non-tribal almost the CHT is considered as an unrest zone and hostile in attitude to the people from outside. But many of them are in dark about the underlying causes of that situation. Kaptai dam is one of the main causes. Kaptai Lake is a creation of kaptai dam; displaced 10 million people but creates some opportunity for the inhabitant in Rangamati. Whether the impact of dam is good or bad but should be cleat to all about the reality of that context. The bad notion to the distinctive lifestyle of an indigenous community should be calm by providing proper information and clarification. On the other hand, the good impact of the mega project of kaptai dam needs to be analyzed for learning.

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