scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of the medcine list in the government program «available medicines» for treatment of bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
I. A. Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Additional Payment ◽  
The Cost

The problem of accessibility for socially significant goods for the population, among which the most important place occupy medicines in Ukraine, is very acute today. In this regard, the need for specific state interference through regulatory processes becomes relevant. One of the priority directions for increasing the availability of medicines is the Government of Ukraine has recognized reimbursement. The mechanism of full or partial payment of the cost of medicines used to counteract most socially significant diseases. One of these diseases is bronchial asthma (BA), since it affects all age groups of the population, and with ineffective control of the disease, the quality of life of patients is significantly reduced. The aim of the work is to study the range of medicines for the treatment of BA, included in the Government program «Accessible medicines» for the period 2017–2019 years. From April 1, 2017 to July 1, 2019, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine issued five orders, which approved the Register of medicines, the cost of which is subject to reimbursement. In the study analyzed all editions of the Register and found that with each update, the number of trade names (TN) of the medicines increased: for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases – by 56%, diabetes – by 92%, and BA – by 133%. During the 2017–2019 years, the number of international non-proprietary names (INNs) for the treatment of BA also increased: 3 times Beclomethasone, Budesonide 3.5 times, and Salbutamol is almost 2 times. Also, found that 87% of TN are imported and only 13% – domestic. Total of medicines for the treatment of asthma, the value of which is refundable imports 6 countries, the main segment of which is formed by Spain (31%) and Sweden (23%). The analysis of the size and amount of rejection and the amount of the surcharge for packaging allows us to establish that the percentage of medicines without an additional payment is approximately up to 50%. At 75% of the medicines for the treatment of BA, the amount of packing surcharge with each edition of the Register of medicines subject to reimbursement was increased by 2 medicines (Beckhazon-eco 100 mcg/dose and 250 mcg/dose) and 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) – decreased 1 medicine (Budesonide-inteli 200 mcg/dose) subject to partial compensation only once. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that there is a need to improve the assortment policy in order to provide the pharmaceutical market with the available and necessary domestic medicines, in accordance with the needs of the population and the standards for the treatment of BA.

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamics of the drug list in the аffordable medicines program for treatment of cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
V. S. Huz ◽  
O. M. Zaliska
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Government Program ◽  
State Register ◽  
Drug Registry ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
The Cost

The implementation of the government program on reimbursement in Ukraine meets the requirements of WHO to ensure access to drugs, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The list of TN drugs included in the «Affordable medicines» program increased by 22.6% in 2017–2018, and the proportion of compensated TNs has increased completely from 16.2% to 29.1%, that is, every third drug is released free of charge, which provides increased availability for patients with CVD. The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare the list that are available in the State Register of Ukraine for the treatment of CVD, and the range of INNs under the trade name (TN) and producers, which are part of the government program «Affordablee medicines» in dynamics for 2017–2018 years.We conducted an expert evaluation of the demand for drugs and the prospects for expanding the list of drugs in the reimbursement program by questioning pharmacists working in pharmacies involved in a government project in the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The objects of the study were the Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the CMU Decisions, the Drug Registry for CVD, the cost for reimbursement in the program «Affordable Medicines». Questionnaires for assessing demand and prospects for expanding the list of reimbursement drugs were conducted. We used methods of comparative and content analysis, as well as logical and graphical analysis. We identified the groups of drugs presented in the «Available drugs» program, mainly foreign suppliers, therefore, the introduction of generic preparations of carvedilol, losartan, simvastatin and spironolactone is promising for domestic production, in order to increase consumption and reduce reimbursement costs, which will ensure availability for consumers. It is advisable to include domestic preparations of isosorbide dinitrate, hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril and atenolol in a program that will expand the list of these drugs in the «Affordable medicines» program. According to the expert opinion of pharmacists from Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, it is expedient to include from the group of lisinopril in the list of available drugs such as Lisinopril-Teva and Enap, and from the combined preparations of Enap H, Vasar H and Co-Preneca, which are often prescribed by doctors and they are in demand by patients.

scholarly journals CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLLAPSE OF PURCHASING ABILITY OF INCOMES OF THE UKRAINIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesya Glubish
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Government

The article presents the author's own vision of the reasons for the destruction of the purchasing power of the income of the population of Ukraine and the interpretation of their consequences. The general parameters of the standard of living in Ukraine, which allowed to explain the reasons for the difference between the growth rate of wages and pensions. Assessing consumer potential, attention is paid to the importance of creating favourable conditions for the growth of consumer passive income in a high level of societies’ informatization. The author's attention is focused on establishing the macroeconomics' nature of the disparity destruction of the purchasing power of the Ukrainian consumer. Emphasis is placed on the devaluations’ causes of the Ukrainian national currency in particular on the flaws in monetary policy, which, combined with the imbalance of export-import operations, had a negative impact on the dynamics of consumer sentiment and led to the cutback of economic activity. An important place is given to the identification of factors that provoke rising food prices, destructively affecting domestic demand. An attempt is made to analyse the consumer potential of the domestic food market by symbiosis economic and social constraints in terms of combining differences in the structure of income by age groups, which form the corresponding variations in the structure of its consumer demand. The elasticity of food product demand in the conditions of devaluation of the national currency is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the flaws in Ukrainian economic policy that make the inflation deeper. The study of the causes of inflation was carried out through the prism of miscalculations in domestic fiscal policy, globalization of food markets and the low level of the economic freedom of the national economy from corruption. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made on economic losses, justified from the standpoint of tripartite market interaction: for the consumer – reducing the economic affordability of food products; for the producers – in the profitability; for the government – in budget revenues.

scholarly journals METHOD OF STIMULATION OF PHARMACY WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE GOVERNMENT PROGRAM “AVAILABLE MEDICINES”

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Svitlana Moroz ◽  
Alla Nemchenko ◽  
Maryna Podgaina ◽  
Olena Vynnyk ◽  
Diana Zoidze
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Method ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Additional Payments ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
Additional Payment ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim is to study the current state of the organization of work in pharmacies under the government program “Available medicines” and to create proposals for the improvement of material incentives to increase the motivation of workers of such pharmacies. Materials and methods. The research used the general methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison; method of questioning to determine the actual state and opinions of specialists on the organization of work in the conditions of pharmacy participation in the program "Available medicines". Results and discussion. In the course of the study, the problem of lack of incentives and motivation for the work of pharmacy workers under the Government program "Available medicines" has been highlighted. According to the results of the survey of specialists of three different forms of pharmacy’ ownership, participating in the program of reimbursement of the cost of drugs, it was found that the volume and intensity of work of workers has significantly increased, and wages have remained at the same level. The number of operations performed by employees in such pharmacies has considerably increased, which is related to the registration and maintenance of recipes under the program "Available medicines". The questionnaire survey has showed that the best option for optimizing the organization of remuneration in the prevailing conditions would be to pay extra for work (overpays). It was found that the number of recipes taken by one pharmacist per day varies considerably in different pharmacies, and there are also differences in the duration of the work of pharmacies under the reimbursement program during the month. To increase the motivation of pharmacists to work in the prevailing conditions, the method of calculating the additional payment for work in the conditions of the program "Available medicines" for each chemist's worker is offered individually in accordance with the post based on a formula that takes into account the intensity of labor using the intensity coefficient and the percentage of the additional payment. Conclusions. The conducted researches have shown that the increased intensity of labor, which takes place in pharmacies working under the program "Available medicines", is the basis for the calculation of additional payments. The application of the system of material stimulation of the work of pharmacists based on the proposed methodology will allow compensating additional labor of specialists, taking into account the intensity of their work.

scholarly journals AUDIOBOOK ISLAMI UNTUK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS SLB KATEGORI A

At-Taqaddum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Maya Rini Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
School Expenditures ◽  
Paperless Office ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Blind Students

<p><em>The Indonesian government has launched a 9-year compulsory education program for all students in Indonesia. The word "all" should have been touching all levels of society including the blind students. However, the fact shows different condition. Many schools still refuse to accept the blind students. In addition, some facilities like </em><em>b</em><em>raille books for the blind students are also still limited while these books become the main pillar of education. They still become such "luxury stuffs" for the blind students in Indonesia.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The cost of producing Braille books equals with fourfold financing regular books. This is because the Braille books need heavier papers, approximately 120 grams for every sheet of paper. To resolve this problem is by creating an audiobook or better known as a "voiced book" for the blind students. The extraordinary school (SLB) of category A is an outstanding school specifying for the blind students in Semarang who desperately need an audiobook.</em><em></em></p><em>This audiobook has many benefits for the blind students of SLB category A. Firstly, it facilitates the students to "read" a book through the hearing sense. Secondly, it minimizes the cost of school expenditures in the book procurement both regular books for teachers or braille books for students. At last, it supports the government program of campaigning ”paperless office”.</em>

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ РИНКУ АДРЕНО-БЛОКАТОРІВ ТА ДИНАМІКИ ЗМІН ЇХ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДОСТУПНОСТІ ЗА УМОВ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОГРАМИ «ДОСТУПНІ ЛІКИ» В УКРАЇНІ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (9(49)) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Ю. В. Байгуш ◽  
Д. В. Семенів ◽  
М. М. Слободянюк
Keyword(s):  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Government Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade Names

The article presents the results of an analysis of the market for drugs from the group of S07-Beta-blockers, as well as a study of the dynamics of changes in indicators of their socio-economic availability. It was established that during 2015-2019 the number of trade names of drugs increased. In this segment of the market, imported drugs dominate (64.94% -65.91%), as well as single drugs. In addition, there is a significant prevalence of drugs under international names such as C07AB07-Bisoprolol (33.3% of the total assortment of beta-blockers), C07AG02-Carvedilol (19.48%) and C07AB02-Metoprolol (10.83%). Despite all the efforts of the government to implement the «Affordable Drugs» program in 2018, drugs from the C07-Beta blocker group were not available to the country's population. (D≤1.0). This indicates the need to implement a larger government program aimed at improving the socio- economic availability of antihypertensive drugs in Ukraine.

The cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs and regular insulin for diabetes control: a case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Mohsen pakdaman ◽  
Raheleh akbari ◽  
Hamid reza Dehghan ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Mahdieh Namayandeh
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Analogs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

PurposeFor years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to regular insulin and lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The purpose of the present research was to determine the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs versus regular insulin for diabetes control in Yazd Diabetes Center in 2017.Design/methodology/approachIn this descriptive–analytical research, the cost-effectiveness index was used to compare insulin analogs and regular insulin (pen/vial) for treatment of diabetes. Data were analyzed in the TreeAge Software and a decision tree was constructed. A 10% discount rate was used for ICER sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was examined from a provider's perspective.FindingsQALY was calculated to be 0.2 for diabetic patients using insulin analogs and 0.05 for those using regular insulin. The average cost was $3.228 for analog users and $1.826 for regular insulin users. An ICER of $0.093506/QALY was obtained. The present findings suggest that insulin analogs are more cost-effective than regular insulin.Originality/valueThis study was conducted using a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate insulin analogs versus regular insulin in controlling diabetes. The results of study are helpful to the government to allocate more resources to apply the cost-effective method of the treatment and to protect patients with diabetes from the high cost of treatment.

scholarly journals Time Poverty and Parenthood: Who Has Time for College?

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110116
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Conway ◽  
Claire Wladis ◽  
Alyse C. Hachey
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Free Time ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
The Cost

Student parents are among the least likely student groups to complete college. Regression models were run using 2003–2019 American Time Use Survey data to explore time poverty among college students. Results indicate that students with children under 13 years had significantly less discretionary time and free time, spent significantly less time on their education, enrolled part-time at significantly higher rates, and spent significantly more time studying while simultaneously caring for children, compared with students without children under 13 years. The strength of these relationships was strongest when children were younger. Parents with children under 6 years, and mothers of children of all age-groups, had significantly higher time poverty than other groups, yet spent significantly more time on education after controlling for discretionary time, at the cost of significantly less free time for themselves. Results suggest that improving college outcomes for student parents may require consideration of time poverty.

scholarly journals Overcoming Adverse Selection: How Public Intervention Can Restore Market Functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Welfare Cost ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The paper provides a first analysis of market jump starting and its two-way interaction between mechanism design and participation constraints. The government optimally overpays for the legacy assets and cleans up the market of its weakest assets, through a mixture of buybacks and equity injections, and leaves the firms with the strongest legacy assets to the market. The government reduces adverse selection enough to let the market rebound, but not too much, so as to limit the cost of intervention. The existence of a market imposes no welfare cost. (JEL D82, D83, G01, G31, H81)

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