scholarly journals SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN FORENSIC EXAMINATION DETERMINATION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD OF THE DOCUMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Kovalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

The purpose of the article is to formulate a conceptual vision of improving the scientific and methodological foundations of the application of special knowledge in the field of forensic documentation through the formation within the forensic technical examination of documents of a new expert specialty – determining the statute of limitations (index 2.4). The reliability of the obtained results and conclusions is ensured by the use of a set of general scientific research methods. In particular, with the help of the historical-legal method the scientific opinion on the content of special knowledge in retrospect is investigated; system-analytical – generalized scientific approaches to highlighting the main objectives of the use of special knowledge; system-structural – the range of special knowledge in the field of forensic document science, which should be possessed by an expert documentologist, is defined, the definition of «special knowledge in the field of forensic document science» is formulated; system-functional – formulated a conceptual vision of ways to improve the scientific and methodological foundations of the application of special knowledge in the field of forensic document science. In addition, for practical implementation, such forms of knowledge as concepts, laws, hypotheses, theories are used, which allow to apply them further, receiving scientific approbation. The definition of «special knowledge in the field of forensic document science» is formulated and the necessity of creation within the limits of forensic technical examination of documents of a new expert specialty – definition of prescription of the document (index 2.4) is scientifically substantiated. As a result of retrospective analysis of scientific opinion on the content of special knowledge, it is stated that the discussion on this subject continues, determining the expediency of determining special knowledge by areas of application. A wide range of special knowledge in the field of forensic document science is outlined, which should be possessed by an expert document maker, forming a separate category of knowledgeable persons. Scientifically substantiated, given the amount of special knowledge that document experts should have, promising areas of expanding the possibilities of forensic technical examination of documents, providing for the creation of a new expert specialty – determining the statute of limitations (index 2.4) and initiating new approaches to forensic training.

scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF REMUNERATION FOR PUBLIC SERVANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Oleksii Drozd ◽  
Viktor Kostiuk ◽  
Vasyl Ilkov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Method ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the article is to determine the specificities of the remuneration for public servants in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the remuneration for public servants in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the use of general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method enabled to interrogate the development of the institution of remuneration for public servants in Ukraine. The comparative legal method enabled to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. The system-structural method enabled to determine the elements of the remuneration for public servants. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped study separate parts of this institute to formulate further conclusions about its most optimal functioning. The logic-semantic method was used to determine the content of the concept of “remuneration for public servants”. The normative-dogmatic method enabled to analyse the content of legal regulations of the domestic legislation on the issue. Practical implications. The determination of the specificities of the remuneration for public servants in Ukraine enabled to make recommendations for improving the remuneration system of this category of workers, as well as identify problematic issues that require further consideration and research. Relevance/originality. The author’s definition of the concept of “remuneration for public servants” is proposed and the specific features of this institute, insufficiently studied before, are analysed. The article analyses the specificities of the remuneration for public servants. Their list is determined and the content of each of them is disclosed. The specificities of the remuneration for public servants are substantiated in comparison with other categories of employees.

scholarly journals The error of determination of toxicity

1927 ◽  
Vol 101 (712) ◽  
pp. 483-514 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Minimal Effective Dose ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Definition Of

The determination of toxicity is usually given quantitative expression by the statement of a minimal lethal dose. The common use of this expression in the literature of the subject would logically involve the assumptions that there is a dose, for any given poison, which is only just sufficient to kill all or most of the animals of a given species, and that doses very little smaller would not kill any animals of that species. Any worker, however, accustomed to estimations of toxicity, knows that these assumptions do not represent the truth. How widely different is the real state of affairs, however, is not, I think, sufficiently recognised. The fact that the “ minimal lethal dose,” whether calculated for unit weight, or for surface area, or on any other basis, varies widely for different species has, perhaps, led to the looseness of its definition for any one species. For the accurate standardisation, by biological methods, of drugs which are not available in chemically pure form, it is essential to establish a more accurate definition of such terms as “minimal lethal dose,” “minimal effective dose,” etc. Fig. 1 gives the results of the injection of four poisons into animals. The abscissæ are proportional to the doses injected, the scale obviously differing for the different drugs, and the ordinates give the percentage mortality for each dose injected. The number attached to each observed point represents the number of animals injected for its determination. The curves represent percentage mortalities produced by the subcutaneous injection of tincture of digitalis into frogs, by the intravenous injection of cocaine hydrochloride into mice (see also fig. 2 and Table I), by the intravenous injection of echitamine into mice, and by the injection of dysentery toxin into mice, the data for the last being taken from O’Brien, Sudmersen and Runge (1924). A similar curve is given later (fig. 7) for the percentage of convulsions produced in mice by increasing doses of insulin, the data being obtained by the use of large numbers of animals. Shackell (1925) has published a number of similar curves, relating percentage mortalities to varying doses of different poisons, in a wide range of species. It is suggested that the curve expressing the percentage of mortality, or of some other limiting biological effect, produced by varying doses of a drug on animals of a certain species, shall be called the “ characteristic” for that particular drug, effect and species. Thus, the curve relating the percentage of convulsions produced in mice to varying doses of insulin, would be termed the characteristic for the production of convulsions in mice by insulin.

scholarly journals Forensic prevention of crimes in criminal investigation techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Viktor Vasylynchuk ◽  
Valentyn Kovalenko ◽  
Viacheslav Nekrasov ◽  
Oleksii Kopan ◽  
Roman Shchupakivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
General Scientific

The purpose of the article is to determine the place and role of forensic prevention in the structure of methods of investigation of certain types of crimes. The subject of research is the concept and features of forensic prevention. The research methodology includes general scientific and special methods of legal science: historical and legal method; structural and functional method; system and structural method, logical and semantic analysis method, formal and legal analysis method. Research results. The issues related to the characteristics of forensic crime prevention are considered. Different points of view on the role, significance and structure of forensic crime prevention are summarized and the conclusion that this legal institution is an integral part of forensic science is made. Practical implementation. The main methods and means of forensic prevention of criminal offenses are determined. Value / originality. It is concluded that the prevention of crimes should be aimed at neutralizing and eliminating the causes that contribute to their commission, and the pre-trial investigation authorities should play the key role in this process.

scholarly journals Prevention of Harm to Children’s Health and Development by Information Distributed During Paid Quest Entertainment

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Serbina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
The Innovative Management ◽  
High Degree

Introduction: the present study shows a high degree of significance of the factor of information and psychological security of minors participating in quests, which is currently at a low level. The purpose of the study is to identify the main guidelines for improving the legal implementation in the field of the quest industry in terms of evolution of the law enforcement in the context of introducing the innovative management technologies. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is presented as general scientific methods, including dialectical, inductive, deductive, analytical, statistical methods, interviewing and questioning, as well as specific scientific methods, such as the formal legal method, the method of legal interpretation, the principle of evaluating legal processes, etc. Results: the paper considers the initiatives of the National Quest Association (NQA) on the criteria for setting the age limits for quests. The problems of practical implementation of restricting access of minors to information dangerous for their mental health and development are noted. Conclusions: it is proved that there is a need to strengthen the external industry control in the field of protecting children from information that harms their health and development, as well as to improve the administrative legislation in this area.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISE AGREEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Bohdan Stetsiuk ◽  
Yurii Miroshnychenko ◽  
Pavlo Dudko
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to study the legal nature of the international franchise agreement, its types, essential conditions and peculiarities of its conclusion. The subject of the study is the international franchise agreement. Research methodology. The research is based on the use of general scientific and special-scientific methods and methods of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed investigating the definition of the international franchise agreement and its essential conditions. The comparative legal method was used to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. Interpretation of the content of international legal acts governing issues related to the conclusion of the international franchise agreement was realized with the help of the normative-dogmatic method. The system-structural method is used to study the international franchise agreement as a single whole (system) with the coordinated functioning of all its elements. The methods of grouping and classifying formed the basis for separating the list of conditions, which are necessary for the conclusion of this contract, as well as the provisions that should be included in the content of the agreement. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped to study some parts of this agreement to formulate further conclusions. Practical implication. The analysed recommendations of scientists and lawyers, as well as the provisions of international regulations, can be used when concluding an international franchise contract. Correlation/originality. The scientific novelty of the work consists of an integrated approach to the study of theoretical and practical issues related to the international franchise agreement.

scholarly journals AUDIT AS A FORM OF CONTROL OF THE STATE FINANCIAL INSPECTION OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Bohdaniuk ◽  
Vladyslav Kolisnichenko ◽  
Olena Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the article is to review the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and to analyse its forms and types. The subject of the study is the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine. Research methodology. The research is based on the use of general scientific and specialscientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method made it possible to investigate the definition of the audit as a form of control of the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and the procedure for its appointment. The comparative legal method was used in order to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. Interpretation of the content of normative legal acts of domestic legislation was carried out with the help of the normative-dogmatic method. These acts regulate the problem of appointment and conduction of the audit. The system-structural method was used for the study of the audit institution as a whole (system) with the coordinated functioning of all its elements. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped to study some parts of this institute to formulate further conclusions about its most optimal functioning. Practical impact. The analysis of types of audits, as well as their characteristic features, helped to develop recommendations for improving the procedure for conducting audits by the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine, as well as to identify problematic issues that require further consideration and research. Correlation/originality. In the research, there was made a proposal about audits, which are carried out by the State Financial Inspection of Ukraine and its territorial bodies. The proposal was to make them a form of forecasting control. It was recommended to qualify the fact of prevention the officials of the controlling body from carrying out the audit, checking or not providing the necessary documents for audit and verification as an administrative offense. A special attention was paid to the timeliness of the selection of explanations from the involved persons during the detection of offenses.

scholarly journals Determination of sources of sulfur dioxide in confectionery

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
N. B. Kondratyev ◽  
E. V. Kazantsev ◽  
M. V. Osipov ◽  
O. S. Rudenko ◽  
E. N. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Methods

Sulfur dioxide is used to ensure the safety of fruit raw materials and semi-finished products used for the production of confectionery. This preservative has allergenic properties. In accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 "Food products in terms of their labeling" the content of sulfur dioxide must be specified when labeling confectionery products, if its content exceeds 10 mg per kg. The definition of this preservative in raw materials, semi-finished products and confectionery in accordance with the current GOST 26811 “Confectionery. The iodometric method for determining the mass fraction of total sulfuric acid is often difficult because of the complexity of confectionery products, the formation of intensive staining of the solutions under study and the ability of sulfur dioxide to react with other components of the objects under study. Therefore, the task of developing methods with the optimization of the sample preparation stage of the samples under study, which allow one to fully determine sulfur dioxide in confectionery products, semi-finished products and raw materials, is relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for determining sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various names of confectionery products, as well as assessing the impact of these types of raw materials and semi-finished products on the content of sulfur dioxide in confectionery products. The results showed that sulfur dioxide is present in many raw materials. In mg per 1 kg of sugar in white sand from 1 to 9, molasses from 25 to 52, wheat flour from 9 to 15, starch from 3 to 17. In fruit raw materials from 5 to 545 mg per kg. In confectionery: marshmallow and marshmallow from 8 to 29, gingerbread from 6 to 25, biscuits from 0 to 16, chocolate from 8 to 13. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the content of sulfur dioxide in raw materials and semi-finished confectionery products is a very wide range, which makes it necessary to control the quality of all raw materials entering the production. Sulfur dioxide, used as a preservative for fruit raw materials, can significantly increase the content of this allergen in confectionery made using such raw materials. Ensuring the level of sulfur dioxide less than 10 mg / kg is achieved using raw materials with low content of sulfur dioxide and technological methods.

Assessment of the Effect of Acidic Deposition on Canadian Lakes: Determination of Critical Loads for Sulphate Deposition

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Jeffries ◽  
D. C. L. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulphate Deposition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

The operational definition of the “critical” load for wet SO4 deposition is that which does not increase the regional percent of lakes having pH≤6 for the portion of the population that historically had pH>6. Reviews of the effects of acidic deposition on aquatic biota show that the pH=6 threshold used to determine the critical load is sufficient to protect most organisms. It is inappropriate to specify a single critical load for the whole of eastern Canada due to variability in terrain sensitivity. The Atlantic provinces and easterr Quebec generally have very low critical loads (<8 kg. ha−1.yr−1). The terrain characteristics of this area dictate a critical load very close to background deposition. Lakes in southwestern Quebec and Ontario have critical loads of <8 to >20 kg.ha−1.yr−1 reflecting the wide range in terrain sensitivities that exist in each province.

scholarly journals REDEMPTION RIGHTS FOR ACQUISITION OF NEW EMISSION AS A MEANS OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Mykola STETSKO
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Market Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. There are cause-effect persistent relationships between the quality of corporate management of an enterprise and its ability to attract investments. Among the wide range of issues related to the definition of "corporate management", the least investigated is the means of redemption rights to purchase shares of new emission. The level of protection of investors’ rights depends directly on its capacity, and hence the investment attractiveness of individual enterprises and the capital market of the country. Purpose of the study is to substantiate the recommendations on the practical implementation of the redemption rights of shareholders to purchase shares of new emission. Methods. In order to create the conditions for the practical implementation of the redemption rights, the model of calculating the domestic fair value of redemption rights is substantiated. This model takes into account the following factors: market share price before additional emission, emission rate, emission and cash flows ratio which will be generated by the company owing to the emission results. It is a model for determining the minimum amount of additional cash flow, which should be generated by a company that carries out an additional share emission in order to preserve the market rate that took place before the increaseof the statutory capital, is offered. Results. The work emphasizes that redemption rights (for the purchase of shares) is a means against blurring the value share of individual shareholders, its devaluation and compensation of owners’ losses. The financial aspects of implementation of redemption rights, in particular, their price, fair value and influential factors are analyzed. If the share emission is low, the "blurring" of the market value of the shares in circulation and losses of shareholders will be high. The task of determining the fair value of redemption rights in the article was solved on the basis of comparing the market value of the company to the increase of the statutory capital and potential market capitalization after the additional share emission. Conclusions. It is shown that as a result of implementation of redemption rights, shareholders do not receive real additional income and increase of their assets. To compensate the shareholders losses related to the additional share emission, the necessity to permit the trade of redemption rights and the tax exemption from the sales revenue of these rights is substantiated.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DETERMINATION OF A JUDICIAL AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT EXAMINATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PROCEDURAL CONTRADICTIONS AND THE PRACTICAL RESULT APPLICATION EFFICIENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Evgeniy A. Tarasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Automotive Engineering ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Special Knowledge

From the point of view of tasks and methodology judicial auto technical examination is considered as a means of obtaining reasonable information for objective consideration of circumstances of road accidents and offenses. The purpose of auto technical expertise as a variety or kind of engineering and transport expertise is to establish all the circumstances associated with an accident or a crime in which the car played the role of object, means, evidence, carrier traces. The criteria allowing to classify a specialist to the category of experts with special knowledge in the field of automotive engineering are presented. The types of forensic auto technical expertise are given. It is said that it is part of the competence of the expert-automotive. The competence of the automotive expert allows to conduct research and give conclusions on specific issues related to vehicles and the road situation in its dynamics, the consequences of accidents. The purpose of the article is to draw the attention of interested persons and organizations to the need to accurately determine the forensic automotive expertise and expert-automotive technician to eliminate a number of issues of a procedural and technical nature.

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