scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF LETTUCE UNDER INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOIL COVERS AND PLANTING SPACING

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e5850
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
Aliny Heloísa Alcântara Rodrigues ◽  
Sávio Rosa Correia ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The City

Lettuce cultivation is an activity of great economic importance; therefore, the use of techniques for better use of space and better-growing conditions should be evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and yield of garden lettuce grown under different soil coverings and plant spacing. The study was conducted in an experimental area located at the School of Agronomy of the Federal University of Goiás, in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with subdivided plots in four replications. The plots consisted of three soil coverings (soil without cover, straw, and plastic cover) and the subplots in three planting spacing (PS1 = 25 x 20; PS2 = 25 x 25; PS3 = 25 x 30 cm), totaling nine treatments. The evaluations occurred when the plants presented their complete development, being evaluated: plant diameter, fresh head mass, stem mass, number of leaves, stem height; stem diameter; relative chlorophyll index; yield; and utilization, corresponding to the percentage of fresh marketable mass. It was found that the use of soil cover can favor the densification of lettuce cultivation. For cultivation on soil without cover or with the use of plastic as a cover, the cultivation spacing must be greater.

scholarly journals Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia M Echer ◽  
Graciela M Dalastra ◽  
Tiago L Hachmann ◽  
Elcio S Klosowski ◽  
Vandeir F Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

scholarly journals Kajian Penggunaan Biourine Sapi dan Ekstrak Bawang Merah Terhadap Sifat Agronomi Tanaman Kubis (Brasicca oleracea L.) Dataran Rendah

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Tutik Nugrahini ◽  
Asiah Wati ◽  
Dwi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Control Water

Cabbage (Brasicca oleracea L.) is one type of vegetable plant from the Brassicaceae family. This plant is a source of nutrients that contain nutrients, vitamins, minerals and fiber for the human body. And has economic value. Cabbage cultivation is influenced by the types of cultivated varieties that are in accordance with growing conditions. In general, cabbage plants grow on highlands. Along with advances in plant breeding technology, cabbage plants are available that can adapt to the lowlands and technically attempt to increase production by fertilizing. The study aimed to determine the effect of beef biourine, red onion extract and beef biourine and red onion extract on the agronomic properties of cabbage plants. The study was conducted for 4 months, from February to June 2018. The location of the study was carried out in the Sempaja Timur Village, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. cabbage seeds, top soil, manure, husks, NPK fertilizer, cow urine, empon-empon, soybeans, brown sugar, shallots. The design used in this study is Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments. The first treatment was beef biourine (S) with 4 levels, namely with 3 replications: s0: control (water), s1: 25% concentration of cow biourine, s2: 75% concentration of bovine biourine, s3: 100% concentration of bovine biourine and second treatment red onion extract (B) with 4 levels, namely: b0: control (water), b1: 25% concentration of red onion extract, b2: 75% concentration of red onion extract, b3: 100% concentration of shallot extract. The results of research on bovine biourine influenced plant height, number of leaves at ages 7, 14, 21, 28.35 and 42 days after planting. The weight of the crop with the best results at the level of b2 (75% biourine cow) weighing 596.58 grams, onion extract affects plant height, number of leaves at 7, 14, 21, 28.35 and 42 hst, crop weight with the best results at the m2 level (75% red onion extract) with a weight of 567.14 grams and the interaction of the treatment of beef biourine and shallots affects plant height, number of leaves at the ages of 7, 14, 21, 28.35 and 42 days and days formed at the level b2m2 (75% beef biourine and 75 red onion extracts).

scholarly journals Growth Response and Production of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) With Application of Azolla Composting at Several Plant Spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Wan Arfiani Barus ◽  
Hadriman Khair ◽  
Muhammad Fatrian Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Spacing Factor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

This study aims to determine the growth response and Plant Production of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Botrytis) with application of Azolla composting in some plant spacing. This research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors namely: Azolla Composting Factor (A) with 4 levels 0, 32, 64, 96 and A4 = 128 g/plant. Plant spacing factor with 3 levels 45 cm x 45 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm and 55 cm x 55. The results showed that the application of Azolla compost 128 g/plant had significant effect on the stem height, stem diameter and flower weight. Plant spacing in 55 cm x 55 cm only affected the flower weight. There was no interaction between Azolla compost and plant spacing for all parameter observed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH POPULASI DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK BIO SLURRY KOTORAN SAPI PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentu L. Moench)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Adi Taufiq Nurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims to 1) To determine the interaction of organic fertilizers and plant spacing on the growth and production of okra plants. 2) To determine the best dose of organic fertilizer on the growth and production of okra plants. 3) To determine the appropriate planting spacing for the growth and production of okra plants. This research was conducted using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, the first factor was plant spacing (A) consisting of 3 levels, namely: 60x40 cm (A1), 60x50 cm (A2), 60x60 cm (A3) . The second factor was the dose of organic fertilizer (J) which consists of 3 levels, namely 5 tons / ha-1 (J1), 10 tons ha-1 (J2), 15 kg ha-1 (J3). The variables observed included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total pods, total pod weight and pod quality. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of 5% and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that: There was no significant interaction between organic fertilizer dosage and plant spacing on the growth and production of okra plants. Dosage treatment of organic fertilizer Bio slurry 15 Ton ha-1 (A3) significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, the highest plant height of 55.6411, 72.5322 and 77.0889 at the age of 6.7 and 8 MST. The highest stem diameter is 0.8689, 1.7844, 2.1289, 2, 0789 at the age of 3,6,7 and 8 MST. the best number of leaves is 27,706 age 8 MST. The treatment of plant spacing of 60x40 cm (A1) had a significant effect on the total number of pods and total pod weight, the total number of pods was 23.8569 and the total pod weight was 275.85 g in all harvests

scholarly journals Effect of Date of Planting and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield Characters of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahender Pal ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
A. P. Singh ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
M. D. Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growing Conditions

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design assigning time of planting (Factor A), planting geometry (Factor B) with four replications to assess the effect of date of planting and planting geometry on growth and yield of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. Factor A consisted of three time of planting viz., 15th May, 01st June and 15th June and factor B consisted of two levels of spacing S1 (30 x15 cm) and S2 (30 x20 cm). Pooled data on different growth and yield characters revealed 15th June as  best time of planting of Kalmegh and proclaimed highest values for plant height (75.46 cm), Plant girth (7.69 mm), no. of secondary branches, no. of leaves per plant and total dry matter yield (31.75 q/ha) . on the other hand spacing level of  S2 (30x20 cm) also recorded highest values for plant height (68.75 cm), plant girth (7.75 mm), no. of secondary branched/plant, no. of leaves/plant and total dry matter yield (27.38 q/ha). The treatment combination of 15th June as time of planting and plant spacing of 30 x20 cm found best for planting of Kalmegh in the growing conditions of the Nalanda. It was followed by planting time 15th June and plant spacing of 30x 15 cm for higher growth and yield of Kalmegh.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH ALAMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana B.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Natalia Lusianingsih Sumanto ◽  
Ardian Eleonard Purba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Onion Extract ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of coconut water and onion extract on the growth of stevia plant cuttings. The research was conducted in Juli until November 2019 in trial garden of the Politeknik Wilmar Bisnis Indonesia. This research uses factorial randomized block design. The first factors are concentration of coconut water consisting of five levels is AK0 = control, AK1 = coconut water 25%, AK2 = coconut water 50%, AK3 = coconut water 75% and AK4 = coconut water 100%. The second factor was the treatment of onion extract consisting of five treatments namely BM0 = control, BM1 = concentration of onion extract 25%, BM2 = concentration of onion extract 50%, BM3 = concentration of onion extract 75% and BM4 = concentration of onion extract 100%. Observation of the percentage of live cuttings, stem height, number of leaves and root length was done at 2 MST, 3 MST and 4 MST. The highest percentage of cuttings found in plants treated with 100% coconut water and onion extract, the highest plant height was found in the treatment of 100% concentration of coconut water and onion extract (3 MST and 4 MST), the highest number of leaves found in the treatment 100% concentration of coconut water and shallot extract (3 MST) and the highest root length was found in the treatment of 100% concentration of coconut water and shallot extract (2 MST, 3 MST and 4 MST).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jarak Tanam pada Pertumbuhan Beberapa Varietas Sorgum Hybrid Sebagai Sumber Pakan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Hajar Hajar ◽  
Luki Abdullah ◽  
Didid Diapari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Science Faculty ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan pada beberapa varietas sorgum hybrid, serta menetapkan jarak tanam yang optimal pada tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini  dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Lapangan Agrostologi Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini disusun secara faktorial (3x2) dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan empat ulangan.  Faktor pertama adalah varietas 12FS9006, 13FB7001 dan 12S49001. Faktor kedua adalah  jarak tanam 25x25 cm dan 25x40 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan varietas sorgum berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter-2 batang, lebar, panjang dan jumlah daun.  Interaksi antara varietas dan jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan. Demikian dengan jarak tanam tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata. Kesimpulan varietas 12S49001 memiliki pertumbuhan tanaman yang paling tinggi dan  jarak tanam optimun 25x25 cm. Varietas yang unggul ada pada varietas  12S49001 sebaiknya dikembangkan  sebagai pakan ternak.Kata Kunci:  jarak tanam, pertumbuhan, varietas hybrid.ABSTRACTThiese reseach aim was to evaluate growth of hybird sorghum varieties and well as establish the most ideal spacing on sorghum plants. This study was conducted in Agrostology Laboratorium Animal Science Faculty IPB. This study was arranged by 3x2 factorial in block randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. The first factor was the varieties 12FS9006, 13FB7001 and 12S49001 varieties. The second factor was spac of 25x25 cm and 25x40 cm. The result showed sorghum varieties was significantly different (P<0,05) on plant height, stem diameter, width, length and number of leaves. Interaction between variety and plant spacing was not significantly on growth, so as plant spacing was not significantly. It concluded the highest growth of sorghum varieties 12S49001 and spac 25x25 cm was the best plan spac for hybrid sorghum.Keywords: hybrid varieties, growth, spacing

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan Kandungan Flavonoid Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) terhadap Pengendalian Gulma dan Jarak Tanam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Vira Irma Sari ◽  
Ismail Saleh ◽  
Rina Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Dayak shallot has various phytochemical compounds that useful for health; people use it as medicinal plants. The technique of cultivating plants has not been informed completely. Hence, the research needs to be conducted to understand the competitiveness of weeds and the best planting space for optimal production. The research objectives are to obtain the effect of weed control and plant spacing for Dayak shallot growth and development. This research was used <em>randomized block design</em> two factors. The first factor is plant spacing and the second factor is weed control. There are four combinations of treatments between planting space and weed control. The treatment combinations used are: (1) Plant spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm with weed control; (2) Plant spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm without weed control; (3) Plant spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm with weed control; and (4) Plant spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm without weed control. Each treatment combination was repeated three times. The results showed that a combination of plant spacing and weed control was affected the percentage of flowering, the number of flowers on 4 and 6 days after planting, and the dry weight of Dayak shallot. The components of plant growth of Dayak shallot (plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf biomass, root biomass, and total flavonoid content) was not affected by the combination of treatments. The dominant weed is <em>Borreria latifolia,</em> with SDR 30.623%.

scholarly journals Rooting of hardwood cuttings of Roxo de Valinhos fig (Ficus carica L.) with different propagation strategies

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Antônio Nava ◽  
Américo Wagner Júnior ◽  
Eder Junior Mezalira ◽  
Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽  
Alexandre Luis Alegretti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
Collection Time

The objective of this study was to evaluate the substrate, cuttings collection time, the position and the cutting depth, and the propagation environment on rooting of 'Purple Valinhos' fig tree cuttings in Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, with hardwoods cuttings from Roxo de Valinhos fig tree. The first experiment used a randomized block design, in 3 x 3 x 2 factorial (substrate x environment x collection time), with four replications of 10 cuttings per plot. The cuttings were collected in the first fifteen days of July and August. The substrates were sand, soil and the mixture of these [1:1 (v / v)]. The environments used were open sky, tunnel with plastic cover and tunnel with half-shade black net cover. The second experiment used a randomized block design, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial (shoot cutting position x soil cover x shoot cutting depth), with four replications of 12 cuttings per plot. In the factor position, the vertically (0 º inclination) and inclined (45 º inclination) shoot cuttings were evaluated. Soil cover was tested with mulching plastic cover or not. The tested depths were 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 in relation to the total length of the shoot cutting. In both experiments, the following were analyzed: rooting and mortality indices, number of leaves and primary shoots, length of the three largest roots per cutting. It was conclude that, the protected environment with plastic cover on sand as substrate must recommended for the rooting of fig estaca, collecting them in the first half of July. The inclination position and cutting depth of the estaca and the substrate coverage with plastic mulching did not influence the results.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JUMLAH BENIH PER LUBANG DAN JARAK TANAM SORGHUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TERHADAP PERFORMA VEGETATATIF PADA RATUN KETIGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Annisa Nurhaliza ◽  
Liman Liman ◽  
Agung Kusuma Wijaya ◽  
Muhtarudin Muhtarudin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This research aimed to know the effect of number of seeds per hole and plant spacing on the vegetatitive performance of forage sorghum. This research was conducted on July--September 2019 at Integrated Field Laboratory and Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The study was done based on Factorial Randomized Block Design.  The first treatment consisted of 3 number of seeds which was one, two, and three seeds and grouped by different land contours.  The second treatment consisted of plant spacing which was 50 x 30 cm, 66,6 x 30 cm and 100 x 30 cm. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and continued by using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance.  The results showed that there was no interaction (P>0,05) between the number of seeds per hole and plant spacing on fresh matter production, number of tillers, proportion of leaves stems, plant height, and number of leaves of sorghum forage at the third ratoon. The number of seeds per hole significantly affected (P<0.05) on plant height, but did not significantly affect the fresh matter production, number of tillers, proportion of leaf stems, plant height, and number of leaves sorghum forage. The result also showed that plant spacing did not significantly affected (P>0,05) on fresh matter production, number of tillers, proportion of leaf stems, and number of leaves of sorghum forage at the third ratoon.   Keywords: number of seeds per hole, plant spacing, Sweet sorghum, third ratoon, vegetative performance

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