scholarly journals Compactação primária de abomaso em ovinos – relato de casos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Tatiane Vitor da Silva ◽  
◽  
Jobson Filipe de Paula Cajueiro ◽  
Rodolfo José Cavalcanti Souto ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Firm Structure ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Left Shift ◽  
Feed Management

This paper describes the clinical, laboratory and anatomopathologic findings of sheep affected by abomasum compaction. Clinically, the presence of a firm structure located in the abomasal region stands out. The hematology and ruminal fluid analyze revealed neutrofilia with regenerative left shift, hyperfibrinogenimia, fauna and flora impairment and chloride concentration of (39,33 mEq/L) respectively. Macroscopically, a distended and compacted abomasum was observed with the presence of type IV ulcers and diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis. These results confirm the severity of the abomasum compaction in small ruminants. Therefore, guidelines related to animal feed management practices, especially in times of drought are necessary to reduce the occurency of this disease.

Road Salt Application in Highland Creek Watershed, Toronto, Ontario - Chloride Mass Balance

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandana Perera ◽  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
Peter Noehammer ◽  
Bruce Kilgour
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Chloride Mass Balance ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Abstract Occurrence of increasing chloride concentrations in urban streams of cold climates, mainly due to road salt application, has raised concerns on its adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of processes associated with road salt application and subsequent discharge into the environment in order to develop management practices to minimize detrimental effects of chlorides. The chloride mass analysis for the Highland Creek watershed based on four years of hourly monitoring data indicates that approximately 60% of the chlorides applied on the watershed enter streams prior to subsequent salting period, 85% of which occurs during the period between November and March. Contribution of private de-icing operations on chloride mass input within Highland Creek watershed was estimated to be approximately 38%, indicating its significance in overall chloride mass balance. Salt application rates, as well as chloride output in the streams, vary spatially based on land use, influencing chloride concentrations in surface waters. The estimated groundwater chloride concentration of 275 mg/L indicates that some aquatic organisms in Highland Creek would potentially be at risk even outside the winter period under dry weather flow conditions.

Alterations in Ruminal Fluid and Serum Biochemical Constituents in Goats Affected with Ruminal Acidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Chavelikar ◽  
G. and Neha Rao C. Mandali ◽  
Neha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Methylene Blue Reduction ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Mean

Ruminal acidosis is an important clinical emergency in small ruminants. In this study, eight healthy farm goats and 24 goats presented at TVCC of the college of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Anand with clinical signs of ruminal acidosis and having rumen liquor pH below 6 were examined for alterations in the ruminal fluid and serum biochemical parameters. Among various rumen fluid parameters evaluated, the mean values of rumen fluid pH decreased significantly (4.71±0.11 vs. 6.90±0.10), while sediment activity time (46.67±1.20 vs. 24.50±0.78 min) and methylene blue reduction time (29.50±0.73 vs. 10.03±0.27 min) increased significantly in acidotic goats. The normal greenish, aromatic viscous color, odour and consistency of rumen fluid of healthy goats also changed to milky grey/creamy, sour/pungent watery in acidotic goats. The rumen protozoal activity decreased to nil in acidotic goats as compared to the healthy goats. Among various serum biochemical constituents, the mean values of glucose (92.43±1.37 vs. 74.13±1.83 mg/dl), BUN (26.49±0.47 vs. 22.63±1.19 mg/dl), serum creatinine (01.01±0.02 vs. 00.83±0.02 mg/dl) and albumin (03.22±0.03 vs. 03.05±0.05 g/dl), ALT (56.75±1.55 vs. 27.88±1.14 IU/L) and AST (93.25±1.82 vs. 54.00±1.75 IU/L), increased significantly, while there was significant decrease in serum calcium (09.09±0.14 vs. 10.29±0.08 mg/dl) in acidotic goats. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) in acidotic goats increased non-significantly from the base values of healthy goats.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in Ruminants in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Serological Survey with Mixed Methods to Identify Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Widiasih ◽  
Johanna Frida Lindahl ◽  
Wayan T. Artama ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo ◽  
Pande Made Kutanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease occurring worldwide with reproductive symptoms and production losses in livestock, while humans can suffer fatal renal failure. In Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, there have been several outbreaks with high case fatality, demonstrating the public health importance, but there is limited understanding of the epidemiology. This study used an EcoHealth approach to ensure transdisciplinarity and community participation. Seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals was studied between October 2011 and May 2013 in 15 villages. Serum samples from 1404 cattle and 60 small ruminants were screened by a Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), first in pools, and then the individual positive samples were identified. Focus group discussions including farmers, village officials, and official stakeholders were used to explore knowledge and behavior of zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Two small ruminants were seropositive for Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae. From the cattle, 3.7% were seropositive, and the most common serovars were Leptospira hardjo, followed by L. icterohemorrhagiae. Out of all farms, 5.6% had at least one positive cattle. Risk factor analyses showed that the risk of the farm being seropositive increased if the farmer used water from an open source, or if farming was not the main occupation. This study showed the presence of Leptospira spp. in ruminants in Yogyakarta and identified use of open water as a risk factor for the livestock. We also observed that the knowledge related to leptospirosis was low, and risky farm management practices were commonly employed.

A Survey of browse plants used in feeding small ruminants in the Komenda‐ Edina‐Eguafo‐Abrem district (K.E.E.A) of the Central Region of Ghana

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
K. Agyeman ◽  
S. O. Apori
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Selection Of

A study was carried out to identify species used as fodder by small ruminant farmers in the selected villages in the Komenda‐Edina‐Eguafo‐Abrem district of the Central Region of Ghana. Livestock farmers in fifteen communities were interviewed using questionnaires to obtain information on the personal background and livestock feeding and management practices. The main aim of the study was first to identify existing browse species and to determine problems associated with the use of those existing browse species. Some problems identified include harboring of insects, causing of abortion as well as causing bloat. The survey showed that Ficus exasperata, Ficus umbellate, Baphia nitida, Griffonia simplifolia, Antiaris africana, Terminalia catappa, Grewia carprinifolia, Pethecellobium dulceand Leucaena leucocephala were the main browse species that were used in the district to feed small ruminants. Other feedstuffs that were used in feeding animals such as Aspillia africana and Manihot esulentus tops (leaves and peels) were also identified. The level of browse usage showed that Ficus exasperata had the highest value of 66.7% and Terminalia catappa had the lowest value of 13.3%. Farmers in the district preferred Ficus exasperata which they perceived to promote the best production response in livestock. Various reasons were assigned for the selection of a particular browse plant. Farmers in the district may have to be helped to cultivate browse plant in order to sustain the availability and usage of  browse for livestock feeding due to the rateof destruction of browse (shrubs and trees) resulting from urbanization, use of stem of shrubs and trees for fuelwood and other livelihood activities and desertification arising from human related activities.

scholarly journals Sweet white lupin: A potential crop for Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brebaum ◽  
G. J. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus) is an emerging crop in Ontario and, in 1993, up to 600 ha acres of lupin were planted. This crop is adapted to cool and moderately warm climates, is frost-resistant to −2 °C, requires sandy to loamy soils, requires inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. to achieve high yields, and improves soil structure and nutrients when included in a crop rotation. The crop requires 119–135 d to mature and is thermosensitive; both traits can reduce yield in seasons with unfavourable environments. The crop is not particularly competitive with weeds and effective weed control is a critical factor in crop production. Lupin is attacked by several pathogens and insects but knowledge on appropriate pest management practices needs to be improved. The harvested seed of sweet white lupin is primarily used as an on-farm source of protein. Seeds do not require heat treatment prior to being used as animal feed and can be included as a part of the protein component in the diets of ruminants, swine and poultry. High protein digestibility and high fibre content of lupin seeds can limit incorporation into the diets of ruminants and swine, respectively. Lupin can be beneficial in human diets because milk from lupin-fed animals contains more unsaturated fatty acids and less saturated fatty acids than milk from animals fed soybean meal. Sweet white lupin has several advantages and disadvantages as an emerging crop in Ontario, but additional research and development are needed. Key words: Lupin (sweet white), Lupinus albus

scholarly journals Subclinical Scurvy in the Guinea Pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Clarke ◽  
A. M. Allen ◽  
J. D. Small ◽  
A. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Intestinal Lamina Propria ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Acute Enteritis

Twenty-eight guinea pigs from nine episodes of subclinical scurvy had diarrhea, weight loss and dehydration. The classical signs of scurvy were not seen. Microscopically the epiphyses were attenuated and irregular. The amount of osteoid was less than normal. Many guinea pigs had acute enteritis. In some there were many hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria. All episodes were associated with either autoclaving food without adequate supplementation or other inadequate feed management practices.

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