Study of Pathogenic Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Skin Infections and their susceptibility to Antibiotics in Some Hospitals in Taiz City-Yemen

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Jendy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

  Background: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly encountered in clinical practice, the spectrum of the causative bacterial agent changes constantly and so does their antibiotics. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the incidence of different aerobic bacteria isolates. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from patients with skin infections at a local Hospital in Taiz City, Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period between January to December 2014. A pus specimens were collected aseptically from 130 cases of skin and soft tissue infections in the sterile condition and cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and mannitol-salt agar media. After growing and staining of bacteria by gram stain, bacteria were cultured in differentiated media, strains that were isolated, undergo antibiotic susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: From a total of 130 swabs collected, 89 (68. 5%) were with bacterial growth : gram positive bacteria form [57 (64%)], while gram negative bacteria were [32 (36%)], common aerobic bacterial pathogens were: S. aureus[30 (33.7%)], S. epidermidis [18 (20.2%)], P. aeruginosa [14 (15.9%)], S. pyogenes [9 (10.1%)], E. coli [8 (8.9%)], K. Pneumoniae [6 (6.7%)], P. mirabilis [4 (4.5%)]. These results showed that in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests among gram positive cocci susceptibility was highest to Vancomycin, Fusidic acid (except S. pyogenes) and Ciprofloxacin. Among gram negative bacilli Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was high, however, all Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Tetracycline. Additionally, all Proteus mirabilis isolates were resistant to Erythromycin and Penicillin. Conclusion: This study indicated that the multi drug resistance (MDR) of bacterial organisms were alarming for increase in skin infections .

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiograms of Uropathogens from the Suspected Cases of Urinary Tract Infections in Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Jid Chani Rana ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the uropathogens among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital. Methods: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients attending Bharatpur Hospital from December 2017 to February 2018. Aseptically collected clean catch mid-stream urine samples from 200 clinically suspected patients were cultured and processed for the identification of the uropathogens in the laboratory using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed for all the isolates against commonly used antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines 2017. Results: Out of 200 samples collected, 59(29.5%) of the samples showed the presence of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Among them, 43(72.9%) were Gram-negative and 16(27.1%) were Gram-positive bacteria. UTI was found to be the most prevalent in females compared to the males and in the age group of 21-30 years. E. coli (72.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.0%) were the most predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates respectively. The isolates were resistant to cefpodoxime (54.2%) and least resistant to gentamicin (10.2%). Twenty (33.9%) isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusions: Higher frequency of antibiotic resistance among UTI patients alerts for continuous surveillance to assure effective control of this infection. Awareness of good hygienic practice especially in females and prudent use of antibiotics in case of infection can be sug-gested. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility test; E. coli; MDR; urine.

scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mistry ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Twinkle Kumar Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

Study of the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity of the essen- al oil of Cistus salviifolius from Tissemsilt National Park (Algeria) and influence of the drying period in the shade on the yield of this oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Meharrar Nadjet ◽  
Bekada Ahmed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Dris Ibrahim ◽  
Jacques Dommes ◽  
Arabi Abed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

The genera Cistus present groups of about twenty species of shrubs belon- ging to the Cistaceae family are very common throughout the Mediterranean region. Cistus salviifolius, known as Melliya is a species of this genus that occurs in the forest region of Mount Ouarsenis (northwest Algeria), exactly in Thniet El Had Na onal Park in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt. This study was un- dertaken to evaluate the an bacterial effects of C. salviifolius and its chemical composition in addition the effect of shade drying me on essen al oil yield in order to op mize this parameter which is most o en not controlled for producers. The op mal yield recorded is about 0.07± 0.02%. Its characte- riza on by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry shows a dominance of hydrocarbon compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is established using 6 strains of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility test is performed using the giliose- environment diffusion method, a bacterial suspension is prepared and subsequently well homogenized. Opacity must be adjusted to 0.5 McF (McFarland), from a young exponen al culture (18 to 24 hours). The an mi- crobial ac vity of C. salviifolius EO was tested against three Gram-posi ve and three Gram-nega ve bacteria. In fact, a strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect has been demonstrated against all Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria tested. It appears from this study that the EO of C. salviifo- lius has a very high antimicrobial activity, it shows a wide spectrum covering Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Taking into account the results of this study, new an bacterial agents could be developed and the use of C.salviifolius should be encouraged in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries.

scholarly journals Bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from patients visiting a private hospital of Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents

Background: Bacteraemia can develop a broad array of complications that may be difficult to recognize initially and can increase morbidity. The study was thus conducted to identify the causative agents of bacteraemia and to assess antibiogram of the isolates among the patients suspected of blood stream infection visiting Everest hospital, New Baneshwor Kathmandu. Methods: Altogether 400 blood cultures were processed during March, 2015 to August, 2015. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) was followed during the processing of the specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with Muller-Hinton agar using the guidelines and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2013). Result: The positivity of blood culture was found to be 48 (12%). Gram negative bacterial were found to be more predominant 27(56.2%) than gram positive bacteria 21(43.7%) in causing bacteraemia. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 15 (31.2%) followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A 10 (20.8%) and Salmonella Typhi 8 (16.6%), E. coli & CoNS 4 (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (6.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae & Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (4.1%) respectively. All gram-positive isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin followed by Ampicillin (90.42%), Erythromycin (85.71%), Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Doxycycline (75%) and Cephalexin (70.58%) whereas gram negative isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone followed by Chloramphenicol (92%), Gentamicin (88.8%), Cefixime (85.71%), Ofloxacin (83.3%) and Amoxycillin and Ciprofloxacin (71.3%) Conclusion: The isolation of etiological agents of blood stream infection should be assessed by proper microbiological analysis and it would be helpful for controlling of the outbreaks of resistance strains through effective empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens from urinary tract infections (UTI) in a private diagnostic laboratory in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Dayanidhi Sarkar ◽  
Md Asadur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infections encountered by clinicians and despite the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the pathogens causing UTI and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity status among these isolates in a diagnostic laboratory in Dhaka city. A laboratory based cross sectional survey was conducted in Popular Diagnostic Centre Ltd. Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh from July 2016 to December 2016. A total of 553 freshly voided midstream urine samples (10-20 ml) were collected in a wide mouth sterile container from patients and processed in microbiology laboratory to isolate pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility test using standard procedure. Among 553 urine sample, the culture positivity in urine samples was found to be 158 (28.57%) of which 39 (24.70%) were isolated from male patients and 119 (75.30%) from female patients. Escherichia coli (43.67%) were found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Staphylococcus spp. (16.45%), Enterococcus spp. (13.39%), Klebsiella spp. (13.29%), Candida spp. (5.70%), Acinetobacter spp. (4.43%), Psudomonas spp. (3.80%) and Proteus spp. (1.27%). Carbapenem group (Imipenem, Meropenem) were the most effective antibiotic with resistance between 0 and 5.1% of the gram negative isolates and Linezolid and Vancomycin was most effective in gram positive isolates. Nitrofurantoin was most effective both gram negative and gram positive isolates. This study finding showed That Escherichia. coli isolates were the predominant pathogens and showed increasing pattern to the commonly prescribed drugs in private practice that in turn leaves the clinicians with very few alternative options in drug for the treatment of UTIs. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 564-569

scholarly journals Childhood Septicemia in Nepal: Documenting the Bacterial Etiology and Its Susceptibility to Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Hari Prasad Nepal ◽  
Rajendra Gautam ◽  
Sony Shrestha ◽  
Puja Neopane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Introduction. Children are among the most vulnerable population groups to contract illnesses. The varying microbiological pattern of septicemia warrants the need for an ongoing review of the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to document the bacterial etiology of childhood septicemia and its antibiotic susceptibility profile.Methods.Cross-sectional type of study in 1630 suspected patients was conducted at CMCTH from January 2012 to December 2013. Blood samples were collected aseptically for culture. The organisms grown were identified by standard microbiological methods recommended by American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks methods.Results.Septicemia was detected in 172 (10.6%) cases. Among Gram-positive organisms, coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were leading pathogen andAcinetobacterspp. were leading pathogen among Gram-negative isolates. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and clindamycin were the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive isolates while amikacin was effective against Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative isolates. Methicillin resistance was detected in 44.4% ofStaphylococcus aureus.Conclusions. This study has highlighted the burden of bacterial etiology for septicemia among children in a tertiary care center of central Nepal.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections among Postmenopausal Women Visiting Alka Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Surendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
Puspa Raj Dahal ◽  
Shiv Nandan Sah ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases encountered worldwide and is a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and financial costs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Alka Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from February to July, 2014. A total of 353 midstream urine samples were collected from postmenopausal women visiting Alka Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The samples were examined by microscopically and culture methods. The isolated organisms were identified by conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI (2011) guidelines. Among 353 urine samples processed, 32 % (113) showed significant bacteriuria. Out of 113 bacterial isolates, the prevalence of gram negative bacteria was 97.3% (110) while that of gram positive was 2.7% (3). The most predominating organisms causing UTI were Escherichia coli (84.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.3%), Enterococcus faecalis (1.7%), Providencia spp. (1.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.7%), Proteus mirabilis (1.7%), Proteus vulgaris (0.9%), Citrobacter freundii (0.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolates showed that, most of the gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Piperacillin+Tazobactam followed by Amikacin, Imipenem and Nitrofurantoin, while they were resistant to Amoxicillin. All gram positive isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin and resistant to Gentamycin. This study showed that higher aged postmenopausal women (>80 years) were at higher risk for UTI than those of lower aged ones (<80 years).

scholarly journals Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram negative isolates in Enterobacteriaceae group of bacteria in clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Parmar M ◽  
Halpati A ◽  
Desai K
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Introduction: Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that intervene resistance to extended-spectrum (third generation) cephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone) and but do not affect carbapenems (e.g., meropenem or imipenem). Though the number of ESBLs producing organism has been increasing day by day, the detection methods and treatment option for them are extremely limited. Objective: Objective of the study was to investigate the rate of ESBLs production and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and method: A total 200 Gram negative isolates from various clinical samples received in microbiology laboratory, Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar were studied and Antibiotic susceptibility test was done for commonly used antibiotics. A hospital-based study was conducted in microbiology laboratory, Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar from February 2012 to August 2012. A total of 200 Gram negative isolates from various clinical samples were collected and identified using the conventional biochemical tests following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the standardized Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Among the total isolates 89(44.5%) were ESBLs producer, and the rate of ESBLs positivity was 39.8% for E. coli (33 out of 83), 10% for Proteus mirabilis (1 out of 10), 51.4% for Klebsiella spp (55 out of 107). ESBLs producing organisms were resistant to most of the antibiotics but 100% were sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and cefoperazone + sulbactam. Conclusion: Screening for ESBLs production requires to be carried out regularly in all clinical diagnostic laboratories to direct clinicians in appropriate selection of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profile of Staphylococcus aureus on Table Eggs from Ezrad Farms in Iwo Area of Osun State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Famubo, Joseph A. ◽  
Oladunjoye, Bunmi B. ◽  
Ogunfowora, Vitoria O.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Surface swabs of the table eggs were carried out using sterile swab sticks. These were inoculated on Mannitol Salt Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized. 62% of the isolates obtained were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. 0.5 McFarland standard of each Staphylococcus aureus isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Muller Hinton Agar using the disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by observing and measuring clear zones in millimetres. The antibiogram pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of table eggs from Ezrad farms located in Iwo, Osun State was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin while resistance to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone were at 96%, 89%, 86%, 82%, 75% and 57% respectively. This study shows high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from eggshells to antibiotics which could pose a serious health problem.

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