The measuring system for monitoring the microarc heating process during surface hardening of steel products

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Makar S. Stepanov ◽  
rina G. Koshlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Measured Temperature

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

Advantages of Induction Heat Treatment in the Application of Self-Fluxing Alloy to Boiler Tubes

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tomiguchi ◽  
Y. Sochi ◽  
Y. Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Induction Heat ◽  
Induction Heat Treatment ◽  
Boiler Tubes ◽  
Bent Pipe

Abstract This study focuses on two major advantages of induction heating over flame heating in the treatment of coated boiler tubes. In both cases the induction heating process is simple, fast and effective. Firstly, we will show how the the use of induction heating results in exceptionally thick and hard coatings with low porosity. Having high corrosion and wear resistant properties, the products can satisfy industry's needs for reliable coatings with a long service life. Next, the study will detail how a pipe with the coating already applied can be simultaneously bent by induction heating while the coating is melted and fused to the pipe. The result is a thicker, more even and reliable coating than that accomplished by the flame sprayed method on a bent pipe. The process is not only less cumbersome, but again provides a superior product for the market.

Prediction of Deformations of Steel Plate by GEP in Forming Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Line Heating ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Plate Deformation ◽  
Final Deformation

Line heating is the main method for forming compound curved shells of hull. The accuracy of final deformation and the productivity depend on the experience of the workers. To predict the plate deformation, the explicit mathematical model for deformation and the main influencing factors by FEA and GEP is established in this paper. The main influencing factors in line heating process were analyzed firstly. Then, 16 group deformation results of steel plate under the five main influencing factors were obtained by FEA. At last, the explicit mathematical model for deformation and the main influencing factors was established.

scholarly journals A Numerical Thermal Analysis of the Heating Process of Large Size Forged Ingots

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 2278-2283
Author(s):  
Nima Bohlooli Arkhazloo ◽  
Farzad Bazdidi-Tehrani ◽  
Morin Jean-Benoit ◽  
Mohammad Jahazi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Large Size

Simulation and analysis of thermal interactions during heat treatment is of great importance for accurate prediction of temperature evolution of work pieces and consequently controlling the final microstructure and mechanical properties of products. In the present study, a three-dimensional CFD model was employed to predict the heating process of large size forged ingots inside an industrial gas-fired heat treatment furnace. One-ninth section of a loaded furnace, including details such as fixing bars and high-momentum cup burners, was employed as the computational domain. The simulations were conducted using the ANSYS-FLUENT commercial CFD package. The k-ε, P-1 and Probability Density Function (PDF) in the non-premix combustion, as low computational cost numerical approaches were employed to simulate the turbulent fluid flow, thermal radiation, combustion and conjugate heat transfer inside the furnace. Temperature measurement at different locations of the forged ingot surfaces were used to validate the transient numerical simulations. Good agreement was obtained between the predictions of the CFD model and the experimental measurements, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed approach and application of the model for process optimization purposes. Detailed analysis of conjugate heat transfer together with the turbulent combustion showed that the temperature evolution of the product was significantly dependant on the furnace geometry and the severity of turbulent flow structures in the furnace.

Vulcanization or Other Heat Treatment by Electrical Conduction

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Felix L. Yerzley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Rubber Belt ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Electrical Conductors

Abstract This communication relates to the heating of plastic materials of. a semiconducting nature by passing electricity through them. In particular, it relates to the vulcanization of rubber and rubberlike materials, including Neoprene, with heat generated by the conduction of an electric current and, similarly, it relates to the heat treatment of thermosetting plastics by conduction of an electric current. It is well known that all electrical conductors are heated to some extent by the passage of an electric current. This heating is a direct consequence of internal resistance. The effect so obtained is proportional to the electrical energy absorbed, and is expressed by the equation: power=I2R, in which I is the current in amperes between two points and R is the corresponding resistance in ohms. The unit of power is the watt. Others have used electrical means of heating unvulcanized rubber, but the disclosures differ fundamentally from this proposal. For example, Neerlye coils a steel ribbon and an uncured rubber belt in a spiral and heats the coil by passing electricity through the steel. Newton claims vulcanization by abeam of electrons from a cathode ray tube. The most significant disclosure is by Dufour. This claims the “process for the vulcanization of rubber characterized by the feature that the rubber to be heat-treated is arranged as a dielectric between the electrodes of an electric condenser to which there is applied a high frequency alternating current of a periodicity of several million cycles per second”. This patent is characterized by utilization of high-frequency fields of the order of several megacycles per second. Further, it is not required in induction curing with high-frequency current that the electrodes be in actual mechanical contact with the rubber. Induction curing is facilitated when the material to be heated has both a high power factor and a high dielectric constant, but high electrical conductivity of appreciable amount is not essential to the application of the method.

Study on the Measurement of U-238 Neutron Yield Base on the Fission Chamber

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Ju Mei Ai ◽  
Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Yield ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Fission Neutron ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Fission Chamber ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Yield Monitoring ◽  
Α Particles

This paper discusses a variety of fission neutron yield measurement method, a D-T / D-D neutron yield monitoring of U-238 fission ionization chamber measuring system, the application of spontaneous decay of U-238 α-particles for initial debugging of the system. At different voltage on the α-particle energy spectrum and α particle counts were measured, given the U-238 fission chamber curve to determine the U-238 fission chamber measurement system the best operating parameters.

Valence Band Spectroscopy in the Ultrasoft X-Ray Region (50 to 100 A)

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 627-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton L. Henke ◽  
Kazuo Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Layers ◽  
Illustrative Application

Transitions from the valence electron levels into the first relatively sharp inner sub-shell levels result in characteristic x-ray emissions in the 100-200 eV region. These spectra sensitively reflect the chemical state of the atoms which are representative of the submicron thickness of the sample surface under low energy x-ray excitation and of the first few molecular layers of the sample under electron excitation.An optimized measurement method for this 50-100 A spectral region is “based upon single crystal spectrometry using a lead stearate analyzer which has high dispersion and efficiency and an energy width of about one eV in this wavelength range. Spectra are recorded using “tuned” proportional counter detection. In the work reported here, low energy x-ray excitation is used in order to minimize the possibility of radiation damage of the sample.Each spectrum is calibrated for both energy and instrument transmission using known, sharp M lines of elements such as molybdenum, zirconium and yttrium which will bracket the spectraj. range under measurement. A simple method has been developed for "stripping" from the measured spectra the Lorentzian crystal width and the Gaussian collimation width in order to allow an estimation to be made of the actual emission line widths as well as the relative intensities.In this report, as an illustrative application example, S-LII, III spectra are presented for a series of sulfur compounds in "both solid, and gas states. Manne's approximate molecular orbital interpretation of the x-ray emission spectra has been adopted and extended to apply to the LII, III spectra for second row elements.

scholarly journals Research on Reducer Power Measurement System of Bridge Crane

2018 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Zhihao Ge ◽  
Yifei Tong ◽  
Meng Zhong ◽  
Xiangdong Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Bridge Crane ◽  
Host System

In this paper, the reducer is taken as the research object for power measurement. First, the demand of reducer power measurement is analyzed, and the method for measuring power is determined. Then, in view of the power measurement method adopted by the reducer, the overall framework of the measuring system is carried out, and the host system is designed.

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