scholarly journals Three essays on retail price competition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Taehwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Service Stations ◽  
Posted Prices ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Contract

This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines price dispersion in retail gasoline and focuses on differentiation along the service dimension: full service versus self service. Consistent with more intensive search by self-service customers, I find that price dispersion always decreases with the number of nearby self-service stations, but does not decrease with the number of nearby full-service stations. When I segment the market by brand, I observe that the estimates are sensitive to how brands are separated into different types. These findings show that the market is more clearly segmented by service level than by brand type and also highlight the importance of product differentiation when modeling price dispersion. In the second chapter, I examine product positioning and pricing strategies of sellers in a market undergoing a significant restructuring using data from the introduction of self-service technology in the Korean gasoline market in the 2000s. I show that the decision of full-service sellers to exit or switch to self service is positively correlated with the intensity of competition they face. The pricing strategies of sellers differ by product position: self-service sellers compete for price-sensitive consumers, whereas full-service sellers differentiate their product by offering a variety of bundled products and services, such as coffee, carwash or even a nail salon, to compete for less-price-sensitive consumers. Taken together, these patterns have led to an increase in the full-service premium during the market transition. In the third chapter, I study the effect of a government contract on price. Since 2013, Korean government officials have been required to refuel at contracted gasoline stations, at about 5% discounts relative to the posted price. The initial contract terminated in November 2015 and a new group of sellers took over the contract. In this paper, I use this natural experiment to examine the impact of the government contract on gasoline prices, using a difference-in-difference analysis and price data on all gasoline stations in Seoul. I find that, all else equal, posted prices of contracted gasoline stations are about 2% higher than those of non-contracted stations. This finding is consistent with the prediction of models of price discrimination that prices decrease when the elasticity of demand falls. The effect on prices is not uniform across all stations, however. The contract leads to larger increases in full-service stations? posted prices than in self-service stations? prices, and larger increases at stations with fewer nearby competitors. The contract also decreases prices of non-contracted stations very close to contracted stations.

Online Travel Agency Price Presentation: Examining the Influence of Price Dispersion on Travelers’ Hotel Preference

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungkeun Kim ◽  
Drew Franklin ◽  
Megan Phillips ◽  
Euejung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Online Travel Agency ◽  
Price Presentation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regular Price

This research investigates the impact of different degrees of price dispersion on travelers’ hotel choice. More specifically, within an online travel agency (OTA) context, we examine the effect of wide (vs. narrow) price dispersion on hotel preference. In addition, we suggest two boundary conditions for this effect: salience of external regular price and perception of destination uncertainty. Across multiple studies, our results show that travelers prefer a hotel option featuring wide price dominance dispersion. Additionally, both the presence of an external regular price and the level of uncertainty associated with the hotel destination act as moderating influences. This work represents an emerging direction in the online price dispersion literature, namely, exploring the consequences of online price dispersion. In practice, by understanding the influence of price dispersion on consumer choice, OTAs can develop more effective pricing strategies in partnership with their hotel room suppliers.

scholarly journals Price Comparison, Price Competition, And The Effects Of ShopBots

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Passyn ◽  
Memo Diriker ◽  
Robert B. Settle
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Price Comparison ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
The Impact

Two ShopBots were used to determine high-to-low price dispersion for identical models of 25 consumer durables, in 2007 and again in 2011, revealing substantial but declining price dispersion ratios. A survey of 1,135 American online shoppers revealed their dependence on ShopBots and frequency of other online shopping actions. Typical respondent reported they "very often" used search sites to locate what they wanted. Nearly 30 percent used the most often named price comparison site, Yahoo! Shopping, in the past year, suggesting substantial potential for future price rationalization. Several customer relationship management tools online merchants might use to avoid the resulting direct price competition are discussed. Finally, the impact of m-commerce, tablets, and apps on online price comparison behavior is explored.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of a Mathematical Model for Influence of Government Tax on the Price Behavior and the Stability of Market Price

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fenglian Wang ◽  
Chia-Huei Wu ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai ◽  
Yi-Zhang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Price Behavior ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
System P ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
The Impact

The fierce competition among enterprises and disordered market price competition have affected the development of the whole regional economy. Government tax subsidies have always been regarded as the advantages of enterprise development, but the mechanism of the influence of government tax on regional economic development, especially the impact on market price, has not been explored. Based on the Bertrand competition, applying chaos control theory, considering the government revenue rate, the influence of government tax on the price behavior and market price stability is analyzed, and then the numerical simulation is carried out. The research shows that the price adjustment of enterprises is a complicated process and government tax is helpful to the stability of market price. The government tax rate increasing can increase the stable region of price equilibrium and reduce the bifurcation and chaos of the price game system.

scholarly journals The Impact of Consumers’ Peer-Induced Fairness Concerns on Mixed Retail and E-Tail Channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yan-Fei Zhao ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Guo-Qiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Equilibrium Pricing ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid development of e-commerce, online retailing has become an important part of the market. In order to improve market competitiveness and increase market share, more and more retailers have opened both regular offline channel and online e-tail channel to sell products. Then how to price becomes an urgent problem for upstream manufacturers and dual-channel retailers when there is price competition between regular channel and e-tail channel, especially when consumers have peer-induced fairness concerns. However, linking consumers’ behavioral factors such as fairness concerns to pricing decisions of mixed retail and e-tail channels draws little attention in the literature on supply chain management. This paper incorporates “consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (CPFC) into pricing decisions in a dyadic supply chain, where dual-channel retailer obtains products from manufacturers and then sells products to consumers through both regular channel and e-tail channel. We use game-theoretic models to analyze the equilibrium pricing strategies under the setting with “symmetry consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (SCPFC) and with “asymmetry consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (ACPFC), respectively. Detailed comparisons and numerical analysis are further conducted to examine the impacts of different types of CPFC on equilibrium pricing strategies and profits.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Price Comparison For Music CD's In Electronic and Brick-and-Mortar Markets: Pricing Strategies In Emergent Electronic Commerce

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Zoonky Lee ◽  
Sanjay Gosain
Keyword(s):  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Price Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Price ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Internet Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The Internet has great potential as a medium to reach consumers but we stillneed to improve our understanding of the impact of IT on information asymmetriesgoverning buyer and seller positions. In this study we are primarily interestedin exploring differences in pricing strategies between physical and electronicmarkets, across product categories and over time, and to understand thereasons for these differences. Choosing a homogenous product - music compactdisks, we compare prices, price dispersion and price dynamics on the Internetwith brick-and-mortar retailers. We collected price information for 21 current hitsand 23 old-hits albums from top five nationally-known brick-and-mortarCD retailers and nine on-line stores, and repeated the data collection one yearlater. Overall, 905 data points, 572 from the Internet and 333 from brick-and-mortarretail shops were collected. We find that: 1) The Internet market continuesto show price dispersion despite the apparently near zero search costs forconsumers and the growth of market size; 2) Brick-and-mortar markets executemore consistent and dominant short-term discount strategies for current-hitalbums, and as a result, CD prices for old-hit albums are cheaper in the Internetmarket as was found in other studies, but CD prices for current-hit albums in thephysical markets are comparable to prices in the Internet market, and; 3) Pricedynamics alter over time with Internet retailers offering cheaper prices foralbums and apparently employing more frequent and finer price changes. Theresults suggest that it is important to look at dynamic price behavior and productportfolio issues when trying to characterize pricing strategy in this media. Wepropose that IT's role in segmenting customers to extract greater consumersurplus, as well as differences in consumer base and preferences and seller coststructures and differentiation strategies, need to be carefully examined to explainprice dispersion and dynamic price behavior. 

Prinsip Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Strategi Kehumasan pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Betty Tresnawaty
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
West Java ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Relations Strategy

Public Relations of the Bandung Regency Government realizes that its area has a lot of potential for various local wisdom and has a heterogeneous society. This study aims to explore and analyze the values of local knowledge in developing public relations strategies in the government of Bandung Regency, West Java province. This study uses a constructivist interpretive (subjective) paradigm through a case study approach. The results showed that the Bandung Regency Government runs its government based on local wisdom. Bandung Regency Public Relations utilizes local insight and the region's potential to develop a public relations strategy to build and maintain a positive image of Bandung Regency. The impact of this research is expected to become a source of new scientific references in the development of public relations strategies in every region of Indonesia, which is very rich with various philosophies.Humas Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung menyadari wilayahnya memiliki banyak potensi kearifan lokal yang beragam, serta memiliki masyarakatnya yang heterogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali dan menganalisis nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di pemerintahan Kabupaten Bandung provinsi Jawa Barat.  Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif (subjektif) konstruktivis melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Bandung menjalankan pemerintahannya berlandaskan pada kearifal lokal. Humas Pemkab Bandung memanfaatkan kearifan lokal dan potensi wilayahnya untuk mengembangkan strategi humas dalam membangun dan mempertahankan citra positif Kabupaten Bandung.Dampak penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumber rujukan ilmiah baru dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di setiap daerah Indonesia yang sangat kaya dengan beragam filosofi. 

Transport infrastructure of the Rostov Oblast: Problems and prospects for development in the context of national projects implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1034
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Patrakeeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The paper considers national projects in the field of transport infrastructure, i.e. Safe and High-quality Roads and Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of Trunk Infrastructure, and the specifics of their implementation in the Rostov Oblast. Objectives. The aim is to conduct a statistical assessment of the impact of transport infrastructure on the region’s economic performance and define prospects for and risks of the implementation of national infrastructure projects in conditions of a shrinking economy. Methods. I use available statistics and apply methods and approaches with time-series data, namely stationarity and cointegration tests, vector autoregression models. Results. The level of economic development has an impact on transport infrastructure in the short run. However, the mutual influence has not been statistically confirmed. The paper revealed that investments in the sphere of transport reduce risk of accidents on the roads of the Rostov Oblast. Improving the quality of roads with high traffic flow by reducing investments in the maintenance of subsidiary roads enables to decrease accident rate on the whole. Conclusions. In conditions of economy shrinking caused by the complex epidemiological situation and measures aimed at minimizing the spread of coronavirus, it is crucial to create a solid foundation for further economic recovery. At the government level, it is decided to continue implementing national projects as significant tools for recovery growth.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

Harmonisasi terhadap Peraturan Daerah No. 14 Tahun 2006 tentang Pengelolaan Pelestarian Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah dalam Perlindungan Pulau Pariwisata Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Saiful Kholik ◽  
Imas Khaeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistency Regional Regulation No.14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, which Cendekian provides protection but in fact failed to provide protection as evidenced by dredging island sandbar and cendekian conducted PT.Pertamina UP VI Balongan INDRAMAYU. The problem in this research How Formulation Policy Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian And How Harmonization Act No. 10 of 2009 with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 regarding formulation Act No. 10 Year 2009 on the Indonesian Tourism with the Indramayu Regional Regulation No. 14 of 2006 about marine conservation area of the island of Biawak, Gososng, Cendekian, the purpose of this research to understand and analyze the extent to which policy The findings of the community or field of law local governments about the environmental damage done by companies or individuals are not equal accordance with regional regulations in force, nor the Law in force so that the function of law in society indramayu not fit the mandate to establish a change and justice based Formulation public corporate criminal liability.Inskonsitensi happens to local regulation No.14 of 2006 makes no harmonized with the regulations of each other so that the impact of this inskonsistensi makes the sector particularly environmental law enforcement get uncertainties that result in coastal communities Indramayau.Conclusion Harmonization of regulations of the center and regions delivering the policy formulation of the rule of law area to comply with the regulations above in order to avoid inconsistency, the occurrence of this inconsistency resulted in the rule of law and justice for the indramayu, suggestion that the government should was nearly revise regulations related area, especially the government must dare to take action to give effect to the perpetrator deterrent effect rule-based running as well as possible.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

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