scholarly journals Distribution, Identification and Management of Two-Leaf Nightshade (Solanum diphyllum), an Invasive Plant in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Brown ◽  
Chris Marble ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Far North ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Volusia County

Two-leaf nightshade, Solanum diphyllum, is a member of the Solanaceae or potato family. It is native to Mexico southwards to Costa Rica. It has escaped cultivation in Florida and grows as far north as Duval County and from Volusia County south to Miami-Dade County. A "bird-dispersed" volunteer, it occurs in urban and conservation areas and on disturbed land. The plants produce abundant berries with many many small seeds. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is primarily intended for Florida gardeners, landscapers, and land managers, and it contains information on identification, flowering, fruiting, and management recommendations for this widely occurring plant. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Chris Marble, and Stephen F. Enloe.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep588

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica:  a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1457 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERT KOHLMANN ◽  
ÁNGEL SOLÍS ◽  
ORTWIN ELLE ◽  
XINIA SOTO ◽  
RICARDO RUSSO
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is an analysis of the distribution of areas of high species richness and endemicity based on dung beetles living in the different Holdridge life-zones of Costa Rica by using a geographic information system (GIS). Endemism was examined in relation to whether the species were shared with Nicaragua and/or Panama, or if they were strictly Costa Rican. The species composition of dung beetle distributions in the sampling areas and life-zones was evaluated. Species distribution was also analyzed in relation to altitudinal levels. The species richness and endemicity maps served as a base for doing a gap analysis and defining four different levels of high priority conservation areas. We also investigated what percentage of these priority areas is under some type of protection or conservation scheme and which of these areas should be enlarged. Also considered is the feasibility that these areas under protection have for enlargement, considering possible problems and interactions with present land-use. We include a list of all the recorded dung beetle species for Costa Rica, as well as their presence in the different Holdridge life-zones and their endemicity status. This study clearly demonstrates the need to include insects in biodiversity-endemicity studies because different and more detailed results are obtained in relation to vertebrate and plant-based studies.

scholarly journals Ecology, endemism, and conservation status of birds that collide with glass windows in Monteverde, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2SUPL) ◽  
pp. S326-S345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Menacho-Odio ◽  
Martha Garro-Cruz ◽  
J.-Edgardo Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Trophic Guild ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Resplendent Quetzal ◽  
Bird Mortality ◽  
Life Zone ◽  
Migratory Status

Worldwide, billions of birds die annually due to window collisions. Nevertheless, few accounts document bird-window collisions in the Neotropics. In this study, we document species that collided with windows in Monteverde, Costa Rica, and describe their ecological and conservation status. We gathered information from different sources, including data from museum records and accounts by Monteverde residents who participated as “citizen scientists” between May 2014 and December 2017. We conducted carcass searches between March 2015 and February 2016. We classified window-strike species by migratory, forest dependence, trophic guild, weight, abundance, conservation, and endemism status. We registered 103 species striking windows in Monteverde, which includes 98 of 267 species known to occur in three life zones in Monteverde and five not registered in the area. Window strike casualties’ frequencies differed by species, trophic guild and migratory status. Most window victims were residents, small, insectivorous, considered common or fairly common, with declining population trends. The families with the most species represented were Parulidae (14 spp.), Trochilidae (13 spp.), Turdidae (10 spp.), and Tyrannidae (9 spp.). Most species were passerines (Order Passeriformes) (71 spp.). No hawks or vultures were found colliding with buildings. The three species most commonly killed by windows were frugivores: Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Northern Emerald-Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus), and Black-faced Solitaire (Myadestes melanops). Among window-kills were five species whose status on the IUCN Red List are Near Threatened and one Vulnerable, including the Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) and the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus). Six species are listed as in danger of extinction and four are listed as species with reduced populations by the National System of Conservation Areas for Costa Rica (SINAC). 12 endemic species are strike casualties. The premontane wet forest is the life zone where more species were found (n=64 spp.), followed by the premontane moist forest (n = 49 spp.) and the lower montane wet forest (n = 31 spp.). These findings demonstrate the urgent need for conservation measures to mitigate bird mortality due to window collisions. Promoting use of methods to protect birds from windows should be an important goal for this IBA and the rest of Costa Rica. We also recommend collecting data in order to increase understanding about bird window collisions.

scholarly journals Impact of the invasive plant Syzigium jambos (Myrtaceae) on patterns of understory seedling abundance in a Tropical Premontane Forest, Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Avalos ◽  
Kelly Hoell ◽  
Jocelyn Gardner ◽  
Scott Anderson ◽  
Conor Lee
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Invasive Plant

scholarly journals Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ventosa-Febles
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Central America ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Annual Herb

Abstract Gomphrena globosa is an annual herb native to Central America now cultivated worldwide as an ornamental, as well as having uses in traditional medicine and as a source of betacyanins for use in the food and cosmetic industry. It has escaped cultivation in gardens and is now found waste grounds and disturbed sites in tropical and subtropical countries. It is listed as an invasive species by CeNBIO, and classified as an invasive plant in Cuba, Hawaii and Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological vulnerability in Jacó coastal aquifers, Central Pacific, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (63) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Gómez-Cruz ◽  
Helga Madrigal-Solís ◽  
Christian Núñez-Solís ◽  
Hazel Calderón-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Jiménez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Field Verification ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Management Recommendations

In the last two decades, the Central Pacific of Costa Rica experienced a strong growth in urban and tourism development. If not regulated, this development can result in a pressure to groundwater resources and, therefore, a threat in terms of quality and quantity. In this study, a hydrogeological vulnerability map of Jacó aquifers was performed, by the GOD method. Geological profiles were elaborated, and field verification was performed. It is confirmed that, in the study area, two aquifers are found: a) a detritic, porous, unconfined coastal aquifer, settled in the Jacó alluvial plain and, b) an aquifer in the basaltic fractured rocks of the Nicoya Complex, unconfined in the mountainous zone and underlying the detritic formation in the central area, where the groundwater is integrated to that of the detrital aquifer. The zone of the alluvial aquifer resulted in a medium vulnerability index, whereas the mountainous areas in a low vulnerability. Management recommendations were proposed.

Managing Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) in the Everglades

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
François B. Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Control Program ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Lake Okeechobee ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Management Techniques

Until recently melaleuca was spreading at a rate faster than it was being controlled throughout the boundaries of the South Florida Water Management District (District). Although melaleuca is a difficult species to eradicate, apparently District efforts, along with those of other governmental agencies and private groups, are containing its spread within the Everglades Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) and the marsh of Lake Okeechobee. Melaleuca has been completely cleared from WCA-2A, -3B, and -3A, south of Alligator Alley. These areas are now under “maintenance control.” Maintenance control means applying management techniques in a continuous basis to keep an invasive plant population at its lowest feasible level. Today, the melaleuca infestation is no longer increasing; in many areas, it is being reduced. Preliminary results from the latest District survey indicate melaleuca infestation has decreased considerably in South Florida, especially in public lands. The intent of this paper is to provide an assessment of progress made by the District's melaleuca control program over the past 7 yr.

scholarly journals Balancing the Books on Conservation and Development: Transient Corporate Investment in Golfito, Costa Rica

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jane W. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Global Environmental Politics ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Corporate Investors

This paper takes a historical, political-ecological approach to understand the presenteconomic and environmental condition of Golfito, Costa Rica. Contemporary problemsresult from the convergence of local human ecological relationships, local and nationaleconomic depression, national and global environmental politics, and internationalpolitical and economic inequity. Powerful transient corporate investors exploitopportunities made available by vulnerable developing nations in a pattern of ecologically destructive "development" that may meet local and national needs for revenue; geographically distanced "conservation" areas protect "green" reputations but do not necessarily result in protection. The implication of this pattern is that sustainabledevelopment is discursively finessed, rather than practically reconciled.Key words: sustainable development, conservation, Costa Rica, Golfito, multinationalcorporations, political-ecology

scholarly journals Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Dade County ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract A. auriculiformis is a tree from the legume family that has been introduced into tropical and subtropical areas as an ornamental, for reforestation, soil improvement and for its wood and pulp (PROTA, 2016). In Florida, USA, A. auriculiformis is a category 1 alien plant (Langeland and Burks, 1998), and it is prohibited in Miami-Dade County (PROTA, 2016). It is listed as invasive in Asia (Bangladesh, Singapore), Africa (Comoros, Mayotte, Tanzania), North America (Florida, USA), the Caribbean (Bahamas) and Oceania (Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam) (Islam, 2002; SE-EEPC, 2002; Tan and Tan, 2002; Kotiluoto et al., 2009; PIER, 2016). Space and Flynn (2000) list it among species that are invasive elsewhere and are invasive or potentially invasive on the Pacific island of Chuuk. A. auriculiformis is presently rare or uncommon in American Samoa but was listed among those naturalized species considered invasive elsewhere and classed as common or weedy (Space and Flynn, 2000). The species is also listed as a category 2 invasive plant species in the Bahamas (BEST Commission, 2003). Islam (2002) reports that following recent introduction of this species to Bangladesh, A. auriculiformis germinates naturally in plantation forests and prevents the germination of native species. It is one of 17 plant species named on a preliminary list of invasive alien species for Singapore (Tan and Tan, 2002). Starr et al. (2003) recommended the eradication of the species in Hawaii, USA, to prevent its invasion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document