PERBANDINGAN TARIF JASA RAWAT INAP MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRADITIONAL COSTING DAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (STUDI KASUS RS JAMBI)

This study aims to find out how to implement the activity based costing method as the basis for determining the rates of inpatient services at Jambi Hospital. In conducting this research, the method used by the writer is quantitative descriptive method. Based on the results of the study, the tariff setting uses the activity based costing method to produce cheaper rates for VIP, Class I, and Class II, while generating more expensive rates for Class III compared to the rates set by Jambi Hospital. Rates for inpatient services with an activity based costing method for VIP Rp 670.435, Class I Rp 431.491, Class II Rp 373.275, and Class III Rp 331.508.

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PENERAPAN METODE ACTIVITY-BASED-COSTING SYSTEM DALAM PENENTUAN TARIF JASA RAWAT INAP PADA RUMAH SAKIT HUSADA UTAMA SURABAYA.

JEA17: Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi ◽

10.30996/jea17.v1i01.647 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Hwihanus . ◽

Jalib Umar Latuconsina

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Primary Data ◽

Activity Based Costing ◽

Class Iii ◽

Direct Observations ◽

Costing System ◽

Abc Method ◽

Two Stages ◽

The Cost

This study aims to determine how the application of the method of Activity-Based Costing in determining the tariff for inpatient hospital Husada Utama Surabaya and compared with a rate home services inpatient approved hospital with tariff services using Activity-Based Costing the approach of activity -aktivitas in providing products or services to determine the amount of the costs incurred. This research uses descriptive method. Research using primary data with a direct review of the research object, conduct interviews and make observations or direct observations. Inpatient services tariff calculation using the ABC method, performed in two stages. That is the first expense traced to the activity which raises the cost and the second stage charge activity to the product. While the rates obtained by adding the cost of hospitalization with the expected profit. The results obtained from the calculation of rates of hospitalization services using Activity-Based Costing namely to class Suite Rp. 1,434,298, Rp VVIP class. 1,141,516, VIP Rp. 757 680, Class I USD. 706 888, class II Rp. 643 385, and class III Rp. 616 269. So in the ABC method, has been able to allocate the cost of assets to each room is right by the consumption of each activity. From the results of this study using the assumption, researchers recommend that hospital is expected to reduce rates of hospitalization services in class suite, VVIP and VIP in order to attract patients to use the services of hospitalization. As for Class I, Class II and Class III, if the tariff wants to be maintained, it is recommended to class I order the tariff was increased to get a big profit, and for class II and class III is expected to add beds or full capacity.Keywords: Activity Based Costing, Hospitals, Rates services, Inpatient

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Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Hui-Ling Chen ◽

Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽

Chia-Jung Chang ◽

Ti-Feng Wu ◽

I-Kuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Class Ii ◽

Cadmium Exposure ◽

Class I ◽

P Value ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Class Iii ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Urine Cadmium ◽

The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

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A convenient method of preparation of high-activity urease from Canavalia ensiformis by covalent chromatography and an investigation of its thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide as a thiol titrant and reactivity probe

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1590245 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 159 (2) ◽

pp. 245-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

R Norris ◽

K Brocklehurst

Keyword(s):

Convenient Method ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Class Ii ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Class I ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Class Iii ◽

Active Centre ◽

Class Ib ◽

Covalent Chromatography

1. A convenient method of preparation of jack-bean urease (EC3.5.1.5) involving covalent chromatography by thiol-disulphide interchange is described. 2. Urease thus prepared has specific activity comparable with the highest value yet reported (44.5 ± 1.47 kat/kg, Km = 3.32 ± 0.05 mM; kcat. = 2.15 × 104 ± 0.05 × 104s-1 at pH7.0 and 38°C). 3. Titration of the urease thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (2-Py-S-S-2-Py) and application of the method of Tsou Chen-Lu [(1962) Sci. Sin.11, 1535-1558] suggests that the urease molecule (assumed to have mol.wt. 483000 and ε280 = 2.84 × 105 litre·mol-1-cm-1) contains 24 inessential thiol groups of relatively high reactivity (class-I), six ‘essential’ thiol groups of low reactivity (class-II) and 54 buried thiol groups (class-III) which are exposed in 6M-guanidinium chloride. 4. The reaction of the class-I thiol groups with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py was studied in the pH range 6-11 at 25°C(I = 0.1 mol/l) by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the analogous reaction of the class-II thiol groups by conventional spectrophotometry. 5. The class-I thiol groups consist of at least two sub-classes whose reactions with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py are characterized by (a) pKa = 9.1, k = 1.56 × 104M-1·s-1 and (b) pKa = 8.1, k = 8.05 × 102M-1·s-1 respectively. The reaction of the class-II thiol groups is characterized by pKa = 9.15 and k = 1.60 × 102M-1·s-1. 6. At pH values 7-8 the class-I thiol groups consist of approx. 50% class-Ia groups and 50% class-Ib groups. The ratio class Ia/class Ib decreases as the pH is raised according to a pKa value ≥ approx. 9.5, and at high pH the class-I thiol groups consist of at most 25% class-Ia groups and at least 75% class-Ib groups. 7. The reactivity of the class-II thiol groups towards 2-Py-S-S-2-Py is insensitive to the nature of the group used to block the class-I thiols. 8. All the ‘essential’ thiol groups in urease appear to be eeactive only as uncomplicated thiolate ions. The implications of this for the active-centre chemistry of urease relative to that of the thiol proteinases are discussed.

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Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.9.6.2378-2386.1989 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 2378-2386

Author(s):

L A Neuhold ◽

Y Shirayoshi ◽

K Ozato ◽

J E Jones ◽

D W Nebert

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Simian Virus 40 ◽

Class Ii ◽

Simian Virus ◽

Class I ◽

Ah Receptor ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Cyp1a1 Gene ◽

Sv40 Dna

The mouse cytochrome P1450 (CYP1A1) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYP1A1 induction by TCDD.

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Prevalence of Malocclusions in Autistic Patients in Isfahan

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i3.7536 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Ali Mehtari ◽

Mehdi Rafiei ◽

Saeed Azarbayjani ◽

Neda Ahmadi Rouzbehani ◽

Amir Hossain Moeini

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Open Bite ◽

Class I ◽

Dental Student ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deep Bite ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interaction and communication with repetitive and restrictive stereotyped behavioral patterns. The Prevalence of autism has been reported to be increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among ASD patients in Isfahan in 2018. Materials & Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional trial, 92 ASD patients were studied in the age range of 7-18 years at the center for autism patients in Isfahan. Clinical oral examinations of patients are taken to assess the involved malocclusions (Cl I, Cl II and Cl III malocclusions) and malocclusion traits (deep bite, open bite and cross bite) by an educated dental student under the supervision of an orthodontist under natural light. The data are reported using frequency and percentage indices. Results: Class I malocclusion had the highest prevalence 54.3% (50) among ASD patients and the prevalence of class II and class III were found to be 19.6% (18) and 7.6% (7) respectively. The frequency of malocclusions traits of deep bite, cross bite and the open bite were 27.2% (25), 18.5% (17) and 7.6% (7) respectively. Among of the total patients, 65.2% (60) showed normal bite and 18/5% (17) showed Normal occlusion. Conclusion: ASD patients showed class I, class II and class III malocclusions from the most to least frequency and the most frequent malocclusion traits were also deep bite, cross bite and open bite respectively.

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Prevalence of Malocclusion among School Children of Biratnagar, Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 46-48

Author(s):

Nidhi Giri ◽

Anand Acharya ◽

Kanika Yadav

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Class Ii ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Medical College ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Study Population

Introduction: Various forms of malocclusion are a matter of serious concern in Nepalese population. This study was carried out to understand the prevalence of malocclusion among the school children of Biratnagar. The objective of this research is to find out the prevalence of malocclusion of children from different schools of Biratnagar visiting the Pedodontics and Orthodontics department of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross sectional study method was used in this research. Data was collected by using direct observation of the subjects and occlusal assessment was done according to Angle’s classification and Dewey’s modification types of class I, class II and class III malocclusion. Result: Subjects with normal occlusion was found to be 39 % and with malocclusion was found to be 61%. Among them, class I malocclusion (60%) and angles class II div I subjects (88.33%) were in majority of the total study population. Conclusion: The present study helps to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and need of orthodontic treatment for the school children of Biratnagar

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Evaluation of Occlusal Contacts among Different Groups of Malocclusion using 3D Digital Models

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1486 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 46-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Naim Z Al-Rayes ◽

Mohammad Y Hajeer

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Sexual Differences ◽

Class I ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Class Iii ◽

Digital Models ◽

Arch Width ◽

Division 1 ◽

3D Digital Models

ABSTRACT Objectives (1) To evaluate the applicability of using 3D digital models in the assessment of the magnitude of occlusal contacts by measuring occlusal contact surface areas (OCSAs) and 3D mesh points in ‘contact’ (OCMPs) in a sample of orthodontic patients; (2) To detect any sex differences in the magnitude of occlusal contacts in all malocclusion groups; (3) To detect intergroup differences; (4) To assess possible correlations between occlusal contacts and other dental characteristics. Materials and methods Study casts of 120 malocclusion patients were selected and divided into 4 groups (class I division 1, class II division 1, class II division 2, class III) with equal numbers for both sexes. 3D digital models were produced using O3DM™ technology. Occlusal contacts were quantified using two methods of measuring. Results (1) No significant sexual differences were detected for OCMPs (mesh points) and OCSAs (mm2) in all groups. (2) There were statistically significant differences among malocclusion groups for OCMPs and OCSAs (p < 0.001). Tukey's HSD posthoc tests showed that class III patients had significantly less occlusal contacts than other malocclusion groups. (3) Stepwise multiple regression equations showed that overjet, lower arch width and overbite could explain approximately 19.5% of the total variance of OCSAs and OCMPs. Conclusion Sexual differences in occlusal contacts were not detected. Class I division 1 patients had the highest amount of occlusal contacts among all groups of malocclusion. Overjet, overbite and lower dental arch width were best predictors of occlusal contacts in the current sample. How to cite this article Al-Rayes NZ, Hajeer MY. Evaluation of Occlusal Contacts among Different Groups of Malocclusion using 3D Digital Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):46-55.

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Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zandi ◽

Abbas Shokri ◽

Vahid Mollabashi ◽

Zahed Eghdami ◽

Payam Amini

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks. Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

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ANALYSIS ON THE PATTERN OF USING THE SERVICE OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE MAKING IN A DENTAL LABORATORY IN SURABAYA

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v52i4.5474 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Okti Setyowati ◽

Endang Kusdarjanti

Keyword(s):

Dental Health ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Removable Partial Denture ◽

Partial Denture ◽

Metal Framework ◽

Removable Denture ◽

Class Iv

The making of removable denture is performed by a dental laboratory. To facilitate the identification, according to Kennedy classification, classes are divided onto groups, the Kennedy class I, II, III and IV. To suit with the needs of the dental laboratory tasks commonly done, priority are necessary for common cases and should to be taught to students of Dental Health Technology Diploma. In Surabaya, research of various cases of removable partial denture with the various Kennedy classifications has never been done before. This study was to analyze the pattern of service for the removable partial denture manufacture in dental laboratory at Surabaya (2011 – 2013). The research is an observatory analytic. The population is all dental laboratories located around the campus of the Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University Surabaya. The sample was the whole population is willing to become respondents. Sampling by total sampling. The method of collecting data using secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2011 until 2013. The note is cases removable denture according to the classification of Kennedy that Kennedy Class I, II, III and IV. Also of note kinds of materials used to make the denture base that is heat cured acrylic resins, thermoplastic resins and metals coherent. The data is a compilation table charting the frequency until needed, then analyzed using cross tabulation. Mostly denture type is flexible type and the least is metal framework. Most cases by classification Kennedy is followed by class II class III and class II and more recently is the fourth. In conclusion, in 2011 and 2013 the manufacture of removable partial dentures according to the classification of Kennedy Class III is the most common in both the upper arch and lower jaw, followed by Class II, Class I and Class IV. In 2012 which is the highest grade III followed by class II, class IV and class I. The denture type most used is a flexible denture, followed acrylic denture and the last is the metal framework.

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Experience of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2019-500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 500-504

Author(s):

D G Tarasov ◽

I I Chernov ◽

A V Molochkov ◽

A V Pavlov

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricle ◽

Heart Association ◽

Class Ii ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Beating Heart ◽

Class I ◽

Left Ventricular Aneurysm ◽

Class Iii ◽

Left Ventricular Reconstruction ◽

Class Iv

Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysms with on-pump beating heart technique. Methods. In our center from April, 2009 to January, 2014 169 patients had reconstruction of the left ventricle with on-pump beating heart technique. Among the patients 159 were males (94.1%) and 10 of them were females (5.9%), average age 53.8±8.9 years (39 to 72 years). Angina pectoris class I (according to the classification of Canadian Heart Association) was established in 7 (4.1%) patients, class II - in 49 (29.0%), class III - in 107 (63.3%), class IV - in 4 (2.4%), unstable angina in 2 (1.2%) patients. Chronic heart failure class I (according to New York Heart association functional classification) was diagnosed in 5 (3.0%) patients, class II in 37 (21.9%), class III in 124 (73.4%), class IV in 3 (1.8%) patients. Average ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 38.6±7.9% (25 to 67%). Mitral valve insufficiency stage 2-3 was revealed in 23 (13.6%) patients. Results. Endoventriculoplasty of the left ventricle by Dor's technique was performed in 49 (29.0%) patients, auto-septoplasty of the left ventricle - 59 (34.9%) patients, linear repair in 40 (23.7%) patients. Combined surgical interventions were performed in 21 (12.4%) patients. In-hospital lethality was 2.4% (n=4). Conclusion. Left ventricular reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique without cardioplegic arest is effective and safe; the method allows performing remodelling of the left ventricle and reaching the target volume parameters.

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