scholarly journals The impact of diseases on economic growth: the case of Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Thai ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The spread of diseases is a global challenge which affects life expectancy, productivity and economic growth. A healthy workforce has a faster acquisition of new knowledge to apply it to production and maintains high productivity, thereby promoting economic growth. On the contrary, a disease-infected workforce may have a low level of productivity, high expenses for disease treatment, insufficient health and finance to acquire new knowledge and as such, slowing down the economic growth. This study examines the implications of major infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, dengue, malaria and tuberculosis on the economic growth of Vietnam. The cointegration regression model with the ordinary least squares method is applied in the estimation procedure on a time series dataset obtained from World Bank, World Health Organization, UN and the Ministry of Health of Vietnam from 1986 to 2016. The results indicate that the number of new patients of any major infectious disease is negatively related to per-capita income. In particular, a 1% increase in the number of new patients with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, dengue and malaria leads to a decrease of 0.022%, 0.095%, 0.015% and 0.057% in yearly income, respectively. These findings have significant policy implications in terms of improving the effectiveness of the prevention of infectious diseases, protection of public health so as to boost the economic growth of the country. In addition, the results also provide add to the current literature evidence of the relationship between public health and economic growth in Vietnam.

Fiscal Deficit and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebney Ayaj Rana ◽  
Abu N. M. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Budget Deficit

The economy of Bangladesh is currently going through a period of continuous budget deficit. The present data suggest that the government budget deficit, on average, is nearly 5% of the country’s GDP. This has been true since the early 2000s. To finance this deficit, governments have been borrowing largely from domestic and foreign sources resulting in inflationary pressure on one hand, and crowding out of private investments on the other. During the same period, although the economy has grown steadily at a rate of more than 6%, this growth is less than the potential. This article presents an econometric study of the impact of government budget deficits on the economic growth of Bangladesh. We conduct a time-series analysis using ordinary least squares estimation, vector error correction model, and granger causality test. The findings suggest that the government budget deficit has statistically significant negative impact on economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy implications of our findings include reestablishing the rule of law, political stability in the country, restructuring tax structure, closing tax loopholes, and harmonizing fiscal policy with monetary policy to attract additional domestic and foreign investment.

scholarly journals Public and Private Infrastructure Investment and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Aggregate and Disaggregate Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the relationship between infrastructure investment and economic growth at the aggregate and sectoral levels, namely, the industrial, agriculture, and services sectors for Pakistan over the period from 1972 to 2015. In contrast to earlier literature, we make a comparative analysis of the different composition of infrastructure investments, including public versus private investment and infrastructure investment in sub-sectors such as in power, roads, and telecommunication sectors. The long-run relationship is estimated using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) to address the problem of reverse causality. The main conclusion of this study is that both public and private infrastructure investments have positive but different effects on economic growth. In other words, the marginal productivities of private and public infrastructure investments differ across the different sectors of the economy. In most of the cases, public infrastructure investment has a larger impact on economic growth than private infrastructure investment. Two important policy implications emerge from this study, as follows: (1) The different elasticity estimates can be used by policy makers to quantify the impact of policies targeted at the specific sector and (2) the government should develop an enabled policy environment to attract private investment, with the consideration of structural characteristics of the various sectors. The involvement of the private sector in the provision of infrastructure would help to control the tight budgetary situation.

scholarly journals Public Investments, Human Capital, and Political Stability: The Triptych of Economic Success

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kostakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in a sample of 96 countries from 1990 to 2010. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Extreme Bound Analysis are mainly estimated in order to investigate whether public investments, human capital, and political stability affect growth controlling for initial output and human capital levels. Furthermore, in this empirical research four subsets of independent variables were used: (a) demographic factors, (b) political determinants, (c) region variables, and (d) variables regarding macroeconomic policy. Empirical results suggest that there is an important difference in the impact of public and private sector investments on the growth of per capita income. Moreover, political indicators such as corruption control, rule of law, and government effectiveness have a high impact on economic growth. Demographic factors, including fertility rate and mortality growth, as well as several macroeconomic variables, like inflation rate index and government consumption, were estimated to be statistically significant factors of economic performance. Fiscal volatility may also be a new possible channel of macroeconomic instability that leads to lower growth. Policy implications of the findings are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Chai-Thing Tan ◽  
Azali Mohamed ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Lee Chin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01

scholarly journals Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Nicolaides ◽  
Demetris Avraam ◽  
Luis Cueto-Felgueroso ◽  
Marta C. González ◽  
Ruben Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTHand hygiene is considered as an efficient and cost-effective way to limit the spread of diseases and, as such, it is recommended by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of a disease has been studied through medical and public-health research, its potential as a mitigation strategy against a global pandemic has not been fully explored yet. In this study, we investigate contagion dynamics through the world air transportation network and analyze the impact of hand-hygiene behavioural changes of airport population against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. Using a granular dataset of the world air transportation traffic, we build a detailed individual mobility model that controls for the correlated and recurrent nature of human travel and the waiting-time distributions of individuals at different locations. We perform a Monte-Carlo simulation study to assess the impact of different hand-washing mitigation strategies at the early stages of a global epidemic. From the simulation results we find that increasing the hand cleanliness homogeneously at all airports in the world can inhibit the impact of a potential pandemic by 24 to 69%. By quantifying and ranking the contribution of the different airports to the mitigation of an epidemic outbreak, we identify ten key airports at the core of a cost-optimal deployment of the hand-washing strategy: increasing the engagement rate at those locations alone could potentially reduce a world pandemic by 8 to 37%. This research provides evidence of the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infectious diseases, and has important implications for the way public-health policymakers may design new effective strategies to enhance hand hygiene in airports through behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Contribution of Tourism Industry in Indian Economy: an Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1994-2000
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Foreign Tourism ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Impact

The tourism and travel industry is the biggest and most diverse industry in the universe. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the boom in domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation have changed the attitudes of countries around the world and played an important role in the policymaking of Governments. So the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the Impact of Foreign Tourism Receipts growth on the growth rate economic in Indian economy during the period of 2000-2019. In this study we are using the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS method).The results show that there is a positive relationship between economic growth rate and growth of foreign tourism revenue growth but this relationship is very weak its mean that the impact of the growth of foreign tourism receipt on economic growth is less; We can also say that there is no strong relationship between these two variables.

scholarly journals Life Expectancy In Zimbabwe: An Analysis Of Five Decades

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Genius Murwirapachena ◽  
Courage Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Impact

Great inconsistencies have been observed in life expectancy dynamics in Zimbabwe over the past decades. Contradictions exist among Zimbabweans where some believe that people used to live longer during the colonial era than they live now. Such beliefs have been exacerbated by the recent economic woes that ensued in the country. Dynamics in the Zimbabwean life expectancy patterns have seen male Zimbabweans outliving their female counterparts since the year 2000. Such an alteration contradicts general world life expectancy trends where females commonly live longer than males. This paper analyses trends in the Zimbabwean life expectancy over the period 1970 to 2012. The ordinary least squares method is used to examine the impact of economic growth, inflation, increase in agriculture land, population growth and the dependency ratio on life expectancy in Zimbabwe. Empirical results from this study revealed that economic growth, inflation and population growth have a positive relationship with life expectancy while increases in both agricultural land and the dependency ratio have negative effects on life expectancy in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Impact of Exchange Rate on Economic Growth of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Md. Fazlul Huq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of inflation, nominal exchange rate, foreign direct investment, and unexpected event shock on the economic growth of Bangladesh by using the time series data from 1990 through 2020. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron Unit Root Test used to identify unit-roots existence and check the stationary of variables. The Ordinary Least Squares method is applied to determine the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables. The results revealed that the exchange rate and foreign direct investment have significantly affected the country's economic growth. Inflation, FDI, and exchange rate positive impact, whereas unexpected events like Covid-19, natural disasters, etc., negatively affect the economic development of Bangladesh. The study can be helpful for the policy makers to identify, formulate and implement the effect policies for the economic growth of the country.

scholarly journals The Financial and Economic Implications of Underground Economy: The Nigerian Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The economic and financial effect of underground economy in all emerging countries is of tremendous concern. Sometimes due to the inputs of the sector to economic growth of nations, it is usually assumed that the government has nothing to lose, meanwhile it goes beyond the seemingly economic benefits, but provides an avenue whereby the government has to suffer financial losses through unavoidable and inherent tax evasions. This study evaluates the impact of shadow economy using the transaction approach and the MIMIC approach which helped to determine the size of the shadow economy as a percentage of GDP and the tax revenue losses suffered by the government for a period spanning from 1991 to 2018. Ordinary least squares method is used to examine the impact of tax revenue earned and lost on Nigeria’s GDP. The regression results indicate that tax revenue earned has a significant positive impact on economic growth, while the tax revenue loss has a significant negative influence on GDP. The study finds that underground economy activities do more harm to the government than good and is also detrimental to Nigeria’s economic progress. Therefore the suggestion among others is that the legal activities among them should be formalized and taxed while the unlawful ones should be exterminated.

Government Expenditure on Rural Development and Economic Growth in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Belinga ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guohui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Rural People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of government investment in rural development on economic growth in Cameroon during the period 2000-2015. After computing the government investment in rural areas using the annual total amount invested in the ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development added to the budget allocated to the ministry of farming, animal and husbandry, we run a regression model with the ordinary least squares method to find that despite the measures taken by the government to improve the socio-economic life of rural people, there is no significant impact of the Rural Investment on the Economic Growth in Cameroon, implying that the government should implement some strategic policies that will enable the rural people to produce more and have a consistent impact on the overall national production growth.

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