Organizational Principles of Building Inventory Accounting in the Process of Innovation: Regulatory and Legal Aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 274-290
Author(s):  
Olha Roieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Building Inventory ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Legal Force

The article is devoted to the study of organizational principles of inventory accounting in the process of innovation, based on the analysis and harmonization of current provisions of the main regulations that regulate inventory accounting and determine the procedure for innovation. Based on the systematization of legislative and normative legal acts, which takes into account the legal force of these normative legal acts and takes into account the powers of the state body that issued the relevant normative legal acts, a hierarchical model of normative legal regulation of accounting of inventories in the process of innovation was developed. This model is based on the regulation of inventory accounting by the state and determines the order of organization and maintenance of inventory accounting directly at the enterprise It is substantiated that the system of state regulation of inventory accounting in the process of innovation includes three levels. The first level includes regulations of higher legal force, which determine the general principles of organization of inventory accounting, its tasks, basic concepts, regulate innovation, regulate the organization and maintenance of inventory accounting in the process of innovation. The second level includes regulations that define the general principles, methodological principles of formation of accounting information on inventories and establish rules and methods of inventory accounting, reflection of inventory transactions in accounting accounts, the procedure for disclosure of information on inventories in financial statements. The third level includes regulations that set out recommendations and clarifications on certain issues of accounting for inventory transactions and control over their availability and preservation, taking into account the specifics of innovation. The content of the main normative documents that regulate the accounting of stocks and determine the basis for innovation at the appropriate levels of state regulation is analyzed. The methodological bases of formation in accounting of the information on stocks and the order of disclosure of the information on stocks in the financial reporting on the basis of national and international regulations are investigated. The study identified some inconsistencies between national and international legislation regarding the organization of accounting of inventories. Such inconsistencies relate to the scope of regulations, the procedure for recognizing inventories as assets, the composition (classification) of inventories, groups of assets not covered by the standard, approaches to valuing inventories upon receipt, disclosure in financial statements. It is substantiated that elimination of the revealed contradictions of the national and international legislation will promote perfection of system of the state regulation of accounting of stocks and will increase efficiency of management of stocks and efficiency of use of stocks in the course of innovative activity of the enterprises.

scholarly journals MINIMIZATION OF PROBLEM LOANS IN BANKS: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT OF STATE REGULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
O. Kostyuchenko ◽  
M. Stefanchuk ◽  
D. Korobtsova ◽  
O. Soniuk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
State Coercion

Abstract. The authors of the article have studied the problem of managing non-performing loans within loan portfolios. It has been substantiated that Ukraine as a developing country is in such socio-economic conditions of development that increase credit risks for banks. Numerous studies of the determinants for the formation of loans portfolios in countries with different levels of economic development demonstrate that developing countries are prone to negative consequences that lead to insolvency of debtors in case of a drop in the GDP, inflation, legal uncertainty, political crises, etc. The lack of long-term experience of banks in solving problems of increasing the share of non-performing loans in banks’ portfolios demonstrates that minimization of such assets requires regulation at the level of the banking system, but not a separate bank. Based on statistical data, it has been demonstrated that the minimization of problem loans of banks gained significant positive dynamics only after the National Bank of Ukraine regulated the process of managing distressed assets by adopting a regulatory act. Detailing the process of legal regulation of managing distressed assets allowed banks to structure and organize the work of their divisions in accordance with the normatively defined life cycle of distressed asset in such a way that all measures taken by them affect the efficiency of their work. Using permits, prohibitions and obligations as legal means of regulating relations between banks and their debtors, those relations have become predictable, allowing banks to control the process of managing non-performing loans and make timely decisions on the use of tools to minimize the share of distressed assets of the bank. The wide choice and consistency of applying financial and legal instruments in the process of managing non-performing loans allows banks to maximize the contractual settlement of debt and address to the competent authorities for the application of state coercion to debtors. Direct prohibitions, which are provided in the procedure of writing-off impaired assets, prevent corruption manifestations in this process. However, the authors have argued that the practice of 2008—2019 in terms of managing non-performing loans of banks demonstrated that the effectiveness of this process directly depends on government regulation. If the economic preconditions for the formation of problem loans depend on various factors of objective and subjective nature, then the management of non-performing loans directly depends on the existing legal models in the state for solving this problem. The autonomy of banks and their right to independently determine their strategies for managing distressed assets does not provide the desired efficiency without the imperative intervention of the central bank. Thus, the state regulation of the life cycle of distressed assets has demonstrated its effectiveness, and thus confirmed the need for regulatory influence on the processes of minimizing non-performing loans in Ukrainian banks. Keywords: non-performing loans, distressed assets, agreement-based regulation, state influence, state coercion, legal regulation. GEL Classification G18, G21, G34, K12, K42 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 12.

scholarly journals Irrational Ecology: A Legal Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Gennadiy A. Volkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances

The article reviews the legal issues of the efficiency of protection of the ozone layer of the atmosphere and the environment in general in relation to the state regulation of circulation of ozone depleting substances, namely: chlorine and chlorine containing substances having been successfully used for disinfection for several centuries; in view of the flu epidemics and the COVID-19 pandemic, the author brings forward a version that they are caused by the irrational legal regulation of environmental protection and raises the issue of the need to change the environmental protection vector in international and national laws.

scholarly journals ELECTRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF VALUE ADDED TAX: LEGAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Lohvyn
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The One ◽  
Electronic Administration

The author of the article explores the legal aspect of the system of electronic administration of value added tax, in particular, the legal regulation of some issues of electronic accounts (operations on them). The development of modern information technologies and their wide implementation in the mechanisms of state (power) management contributes to the emergence of new economic and legal relations, including those regarding taxes and fees. The mentioned above applies to the administration of value added tax. At the same time, one of the mandatory structural features of the state is the taxation system because one of the goals of state regulation is the system of taxes and fees administration, within which, on the one hand, the collected taxes should be sufficient to ensure the fulfillment of tasks and to perform the functions facing the state, and on the other hand, the burden of the tax procedure should not be excessive for a taxpayer. In turn, the main legal issues of the tax sphere mainly involve determining and effective ensuring the limits of freedom and necessity in the behavior of tax entities through relevant legal, legislative norms, in the protection of property rights of individual payers and public interests that are implemented in the financial and tax activities of the state. A sufficiently wide attention has been paid to this process since the introduction of the electronic administration of value added tax. Thus, there arises a need for further scientific research into the introduction of electronic administration of value added tax, especially its legal regulation, including the operations with electronic accounts. The article analyzes the current state of regulatory consolidation of the procedure for the operation of electronic accounts, in particular, those related to transactions on their replenishment (receipt of funds) and return of overpaid funds, as well as the impact of such transactions on the registration limit. This made it possible to identify problematic issues of a legal nature, which lead to a violation of balance in relations between a taxpayer and the budget system, to find the ways to solve them and draw scientifically based conclusions on the outlined problems.

scholarly journals Directions of Social and Economic Policy in the Context of the Development of Non-Standard Forms of Employment in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav N. Bobkov ◽  
Natalia V. Loktyukhina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Precarious Work

The Object of the Study. Informal employment in Russia, factors affecting the development of informal employment. The Subject of the Study. Socio-economic policy in connection with the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Purpose of the Study. Developing of proposals for the transformation of socioeconomic policy in the context of the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Main Provisions of the Article. The main factors influencing the development of non-standard forms of employment are: the development of information and communication technologies and robotics, changing consumer preferences, demographic factors, changing the quality of the workforce, institutional factors, globalization. The proposals on the directions of socioeconomic policy, necessary for a positive impact on the situation with the state and development of precarious work in Russia are substantiated. The objective of such a policy in terms of precarious work is to reduce (reduce to “no”) its risks, expand positive opportunities for the parties to labour relations and society as a whole in the context of the development of the ICT and robotization. Measures are proposed in the field of the “lifelong learning” program, state regulation of the labour market (including in terms of improving the activities of state and non-state employment services, unemployment benefits, electronic personnel management), the development of a social partnership system (primarily in terms of improving activities of trade unions), the development of external institutions affecting the labour market and employment (Tax policy, Informing on the state of legal regulation labor relations). It is advisable to update the National Project “Labour Productivity and Employment Support”, providing for the whole range of issues of promoting productive employment, due to the development of its non-standard precarized forms.

scholarly journals Determination of the criteria of destructiveness in the activities of new religious movements (theoretical and legal aspect)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Vera B. Romanovskaya ◽  
Bika A. Immayeva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Rights

The confessional composition of modern society is characterised by great diversity. In addition to traditional religious organisations, new (non-traditional) religious and socio-spiritual movements operate in it, representing a whole spectrum of religious, quasi-religious and pseudo-religious cults, whose teachings and practices can be both destructive and constructive. In carrying out legal regulation of the activities of religious associations, the state must, on the one hand, ensure the freedom of conscience and religion guaranteed by the Constitution, and on the other hand, protect society from destructive cults that can harm morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of citizens, the constitutional order and security of the state. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of modern social sciences, including legal ones, is the study of the spiritual «temperature» of society; conducting research aimed at identifying the causes of negative and positive processes occurring in the spiritual sphere of society, as well as determining the specifics of non-traditional religiosity as a special form of social activity. Based on the analysis and interpretation of rich empirical material, the authors formulated a list of criteria by which one can separate destructive (totalitarian) sects from new religious or intellectual (spiritual) movements of a positive nature. The proposed list of criteria can be used by law-making and law enforcement bodies in the framework of improving the legal regulation of the activities of religious associations and building state-confessional policy in general.

scholarly journals Development of a Process for Detecting Inconsistencies between Financial Statements and Financial Transactions (Deals) Aimed at Identifying Signs of Money Laundering

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garaschenko A.A. ◽  
Nasonov E.V. ◽  
Leonov P.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
High Degree

The problem of money-laundering is still valid in the Russian Federation. With the increasing role of the State in the economy, this question becomes particularly significant. Of course, monitoring of the funds movement plays a significant role, in particular, for companies, recipients of budgetary funds, including providers of the State Defense order (GOZ).To date, there is no generally accepted method, which would allow a high degree of probability to identify signs of money laundering.This article first describes how to detect signs of money-laundering on the basis of a comparison of the data of financial statements with bank operations data.Elaborated process was tested on the example of relevant data of thirty businesses complying with orders under the contracts with the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation in 2013.On the basis of the obtained results recommendations for the improvement of the elaborated process were formulated and the scope of its possible use was identified. Keywords: money laundering, the process approach, fraud, financial reporting 

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY AS PART OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Татьяна Полякова
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation relating to the protection of national security, including in the field of information. Purpose: to analyze the role and impact of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. These amendments are related to the State regulation at the federal level of information security and the tasks of ensuring the support and preservation of scientific and technological potential and the development of Russia. Methods: the work is based on the methods of dialectics and system analysis of the information and legal sphere, which allow to comprehensively, logically and consistently study the processes of implementation of constitutional and legal norms and the prospects for their development in the legal regulation of information security in order to identify existing patterns and development trends, as well as priority tasks. Results: the study leads to the well-founded conclusion that referring in the Basic Law to the federal authorities the security of the person, society and the State in the use of information technologies and digital data circulation is a constitutional and legal innovation that is fundamental to the development of legal and scientific research in the field of information security as an important component of the national security of the State, as well as for the development of the system of legal regulation in this areas in information law.

scholarly journals LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE SYSTEM OF THE MECHANISM OF INFLUENCE ON MIGRATION RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
K. V. Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

In the article, from the standpoint of legal science and practice of state regulation of migration relations, the author examines the application of legal liability to violators of the norms of migration legislation. The author conducts a theoretical and legal analysis of the institution of legal responsibility. The definition of legal responsibility as a legal reaction of society and the state to the unlawfulness of actions (inaction) allows us to conclude that the introduction by the state of special legal regulation is a form of disposition of state power. The implementation of legal responsibility in the dynamics of legal regulation is characterized by the intertwining of regulatory, substantive and procedural and legal aspects, which allow ensuring the passage of responsibility through all stages and procedures of legal regulation, which creates an ordering effect. In conclusion, the author points out that legal responsibility, being an element of the legal regulation mechanism, clearly demonstrates its specificity and features, as well as general efficiency in the law enforcement process of imposing punishment.

STATE REGULATION OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Nikolayevna Akimova ◽  
Alla Vasilievna Lysachok
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
State Pension

The essence of such concepts is “financial service”, “financial services market”, and “participants of the financial services market”; determined the purpose of state regulation of the financial services market; forms of state regulation of the financial services market; financial services that are present in the financial services market; the structure of state regulation bodies of the financial services market in Ukraine is given; The role of state bodies in the regulation of the financial services market was studied; to characterize the regulatory legal regulation of the financial services market in Ukraine; the main problems of functioning of the domestic market of financial services are revealed; ways to solve existing problems. It is grounded that the state regulation of financial services markets consists in the state’s implementation of a set of measures aimed at regulating and overseeing financial services markets to protect the interests of financial services consumers and preventing crisis phenomena. It is concluded that the financial services market is an important element of the development of the economy as a whole, in particular, it concerns not only the state but also society. We must understand that when this market is settled, that is, all bodies that carry out state regulation are competent in their powers, only then will we make informed, effective decisions about the normal and effective functioning of the RFP. It is important that the data of the subjects of control do not overlap, their activities should be fixed at the legislative level. It is also worth bearing in mind that appropriate conditions must be created to create compensatory mechanisms in the financial services markets by developing a system for guaranteeing deposits and providing for payments under long-term life insurance contracts, non-state pension provisions, deposits with deposit accounts to credit unions, etс.

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