Speciation of candida species isolated in clinical samples in a tertiary health care centre in Northern India

The purpose of this study is to isolate, identify and specification of various the Candida species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, and to characterize various the isolated Candida species. A study was conducted on people of different age groups from January 2019 to December 2019. Candida species isolated from different patients by using Potassium Hydroxide mount and processed by BacTalert 3D (Biomerieux) automated blood culture system. Further culture identification of Candida species were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Speciation of Candida was done using Germ tube test, CHROM agar Candida Medium, Cornmeal agar, Sugar Fermentation test and Sugar Assimilation test.In our study was the most common species isolated, among non albicans Candida i.e. 21 (38.9%); 19(35.2%) of was the most common followed by 9(16.7%) ofand 5(9.3%) of . Maximum number of Candida isolates were obtained from NICU i.e. 27(50.0%) followed by 11 from Med (20.3%), 7 from E/W (13.0%), 2 from BICU (3.7%), 2 from Skin (3.7%), 1 from PICU (1.9%), and 1 from R/R (1.9%).Our study showed that is the most common isolates species. Among , was found to be the most common isolate followed by . Children less than 1 year are most affected with maximum number of Candida species were obtained from NICU department. HiChrom Candida is proven to be more useful as differential agar.

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Species identification of Candida isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i1.28940 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lsmet Nigar ◽

Shirin Tarafder ◽

Rehana Razzak Khan ◽

S. M. Ali Ahmed ◽

Ahmed Abu Saleh

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Species ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Common Species ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Clinical Specimens

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical manifestations from mucocutaneous overgrowth to blood stream infections especially in immunocompromized situations. Although C. albicans is the most prevalent species, high incidence of non-albicans Candida species with antifungal resistance are emerging which is posing a serious threat to the patients care.Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify different species of Candida from different clinical specimens. Methods: A total of 100 different clinical specimens were studied of which 35 were oral swab, 28 were high vaginal swab, 15 were urine, 14 were nail, 04 were bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal fluid were 04. Among 100 clinical specimens, Candida isolates were identified in 64 specimens. Isolation of Candida species was done by primary culture in SDA. Subsequent identification of species were performed by germ tube test, subculture in chromogenic agar medium and carbohydrate assimilation test with commonly used twelve sugars.Results: Out of 64 isolated Candida species, Candida albicans were 51.56% and the non-albicans Candida species were 48.44%. The most prevalent Candida species was C. albicans 33 (51.53%) followed by C. tropicalis 17 (26.56%). C. glabrata 4 (6.25%), C. parapsilosis 4 (6.25%), C. krusei 3 (4.68%) and C. guilliermondii 2 (3.2%). One of the isolated Candida species was unidentified.Conclusion: Though Candida albicans was found as the most common species, but non-albicans Candida species are appearing as emerging pathogens as well. Exposure to chemotherapy appeared to be the commonest predisposing factor for Candida infection followed by indwelling urinary catheter in situ for prolong period.

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Epidemiological characterization of dermatophytes at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.5.1.530 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ankur Kumar ◽

Vandana Upadhyay ◽

Amresh K. Singh ◽

Jayesh Pandey

Keyword(s):

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Common Species ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Direct Microscopic Examination ◽

Superficial Mycosis

Background and Purpose: Superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, such as India. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of superficial mycosis and identify the most common dermatophytic species in this region. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, a total of 220 skin scraping, nail, and hair root specimens were collected. Direct microscopic examination was performed using potassium hydroxide mount. Additionally, the samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). The fungal colony of each isolates was stained with lactophenol cotton blue mount, and observed under microscope for species identification. Results: Out of 220 isolates, 172 samples, obtained from 108 males 64 females, were positive for skin fungal infections by either KOH mount or culture. Furthermore, 113 isolates were identified as dermatophytes, while 59 samples were found to be non-dermatophytes. Among the dermatophytes isolated from different clinical samples, Trichophyton verrucosum (42/113, 38%) was the most common species, and Tinea corporis was the most common infection (36.2%). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, dermatophytes had an isolation rate of 78%, which is higher than normal. This can be due to the fact that the majority of the patients were from a rural background (71.7%) with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene who were exposed to climatic changes.

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Epidemiology of bloodstream Candida species in a Spanish tertiary care hospital as a guide for implementation of T2MR (T2CANDIDA®) for rapid diagnosis of candidemia

Medical Mycology ◽

10.1093/mmy/myaa056 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Iker Falces-Romero ◽

María Pilar Romero-Gómez ◽

Francisco Moreno-Ramos ◽

Jesús Mingorance ◽

Julio García-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Common Species ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Negative Results ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology of candidemia in our hospital in order to determine whether the T2MR system might be a useful tool for early diagnosis of candidemia in selected units. We perform a retrospective review of all candidemia episodes registered in the last 12 years in selected units of our hospital in adult and pediatric patients. Candida species and antifungal susceptibility patterns were registered. A total of 686 isolates were registered, of which 625 were infections due to the five most common species of Candida. C. albicans (45.6%) and C. parapsilosis (33.1%) were the predominant species found in our institution. In adults these species were closely followed by C. glabrata (12–21%) in all units. While in pediatric medical and intensive care units (PICU), these species were followed by other uncommon yeasts. Resistance rates to triazoles were low in C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. In C. glabrata and C. tropicalis the resistance rates to fluconazole ranged from 10.86 to 6.67%. Resistance rates for echinocandins were very low and all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B. T2Candida® might be useful to guide antifungal targeted treatment and discontinuation of antifungal empirical treatment in those units where the five most common Candida species represent more than the ninety percent of the isolates. The selection of medical and surgical units should be based on local epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns. Incidence should be taken into account in order to make clinical decisions based on negative results. Lay Abstract T2Candida® might be useful selectively in clinical units according to their local epidemiology, antifungal resistance patterns, and incidence of candidemia. It optimizes the clinical value of positive results supporting decisions about targeted therapies or discontinuations based on negative results.

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Clinicomycological evaluation of dermatophytosis at tertiary care hospital in central India

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20183167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

Shyam Govind Rathoriya ◽

Ankit Kumar Jain ◽

Kavita A. Shinde

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Central India ◽

Common Species ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tinea Cruris

Background: Dermatophytoses are the infection of keratinized tissues such as the epidermis, hair, and nails caused by a group of closely related filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes.Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. A total number of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of skin, hair and nail infections were randomly selected from all the age groups and of both the sexes, attending Dermatology Outpatient department of CMCH, Bhopal from January 2016-December 2017.Results: Out of total 150 subjects, most common clinical type of dermatophytosis, identified in our study, was tinea corporis in 53 (35.3%) subjects followed by tinea cruris in 34 (22.6%) subjects. 134 (89.3%) subjects were tested positive by direct microscopy (KOH mount) and 69 (46.0%) by culture. Highest KOH mount positivity was seen in patient suffering from tinea corporis (94.3%) followed by tinea cruris (94.1%). Culture positivity was highest with tinea corporis (54.7%) followed by tinea lesions on more than one site (47.3%) and tinea cruris (47.0%). In our study, total 69 culture positive samples were isolated and the most common species isolated was T. rubrum in 41 (59.42%) cases.Conclusions: The present study gives valuable insight regarding clinical and mycological pattern of superficial fungal infections in this region as well as shows the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytosis samples for planning effective management.

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Environmental Contamination with Candida Species in Multiple Hospitals Including a Tertiary Care Hospital with a Candida auris Outbreak

Pathogens and Immunity ◽

10.20411/pai.v4i2.291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 260 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jessica Ann Kumar ◽

Brandon Eilertson ◽

Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽

Chauna S. Whitlow ◽

Annette L. Jencson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Contamination ◽

Candida Species ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Common Species ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Limited Information ◽

Portable Equipment ◽

Candida Auris ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

Background: Environmental sources have been implicated as a potential source for exogenous acquisition of Candida species, particularly the emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris. However, limited information is available on environmental reservoirs of Candida species in healthcare facilities.Methods: During a 6-month period, cultures for Candida species were collected from high-touch surfaces in patient rooms and from portable equipment in 6 US acute care hospitals in 4 states. Additional cultures were collected from sink drains and floors in one of the hospitals and from high-touch surfaces, portable equipment, and sink drains in a hospital experiencing an outbreak due to C. auris. Candida species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectometry.Results: Candida species were recovered from patient rooms in 4 of the 6 hospitals. Seven of 147 patient room cultures (4.8%) and 1 of 57 (1.8%) portable equipment cultures were positive, with the most common species being C. parapsilosis. For the hospital where additional sites were sampled, Candida species were recovered from 8 of 22 (36.4%) hospital room floors and 4 of 17 (23.5%) sink drains. In the facility with a C. auris outbreak, Candida species were frequently recovered from sink drains (20.7%) and high-touch surfaces (15.4%), but recovery of C. auris was uncommon (3.8% of high-touch surfaces, 3.4% of sink drains, and 0% of portable equipment) and only present in rooms that currently or recently housed a patient with C. auris.Conclusion: Candida species often contaminate surfaces in hospitals and may be particularly common on floors and in sink drains. However, C. auris contamination was uncommon in a facility experiencing an outbreak, suggesting that current cleaning and disinfection practices can be effective in minimizing environmental contamination.

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Prevalence and spectrum of dermatophytes in patients attending a tertiary care hospital Srinagar, Kashmir

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1064

Author(s):

Tabindah Jahan ◽

Anjum Farhana ◽

Farhat Kanth

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cultural Methods ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Fungal Distribution ◽

Culture Positive

Background: Dermatophyte infections are a global health problem but very neglected in Kashmir. India. This work aimed at determining prevalence and spectrum of dermatophytosis isolated from patients attending tertiary care hospital Srinagar. Kashmir.Methods: A total of 510 samples of skin, hair and nail scrapings were collected and processed using standard microscopy (KOH) and cultural methods as per the standard protocol.Results: Out of 510 samples collected, 272 (53.33%) patients were confirmed cases of dermatophytosis (confirmed clinically and on fungal culture). The prevalence of dermatophytosis was significantly associated with age groups of participants with higher infection among those aged 18-32 which accounted for 35.29%, followed by age group 1-17 with 30.14%. Out of 510 samples, 110 ( 21.56%) were both KOH (microscopy) and culture positive, 162 (31.76%) cases were only culture positive and 130 (25.49%) clinical samples were only positive for fungal elements on microscopy. 133 (26.07%) fungal isolates were obtained which included both dermatophyte and non-dermatophytic fungi(excluded in this study). T. mentagrophytes had highest distribution 40.44% among dermatophytes species and T. Unguium 114 (41.96%) accounted for most common site for dermatophytic infections. Poor hygiene was predominant risk factor in 143 cases (52.57%). Patients from lower socioeconomic status were affected more than others (34.92%).Conclusions: In this study we have focused to determine the prevalence, clinical pattern and pathogenic profile of dermatophytosis according to the age, gender, site, and fungal distribution. Improvization of these conditions more accurately can result in decreased incidence of dermatophytosis in this area.

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Rise in antifungal resistance of Candida species from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. S114

Author(s):

C.H.A.Y.A.N.I.K.A. BANERJEE ◽

Swagata Ganguly Bhattacharjee ◽

Soma Sarkar ◽

Soumodip Dutta

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antifungal Resistance ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital

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Characterisation and Isolation of Candida Species from ICU Patients in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v5i1.15777 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽

Ganesh K. Singh ◽

Kamal Prasad Parajuli ◽

Kewal Shrestha ◽

Dharmendra Shah

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Candida Species ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Medical College

Background Fungi have emerged as major causes of human diseases. Intensive Care Units (ICU), harbor almost all the risk factors for opportunistic fungal infections. Among these, Candida infections are very common with recent trends being rise in the non-Candida albicans (NCA) species along with an increase in resistance of these species to antifungal drugs. Increament in invasive Candidasis during last three decades have been reported in several studies, among all Candida species the Candida albicans is considered as the most common infectious agent the other non-albicans like C. Tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis C. krusei, and C. dubliniensis were raised as infectious agents. The aim of current study is to characterize the candida species from the clinical specimens of patients admitted in the ICU of Tertiary Care hospital in Eastren Nepal and to perform their antifungal susceptibility.Material and Methods The study was carried out in the tertiary care hospital Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital Biratnagar Nepal over a period of 6 monthsbetween September 2015 to February 2016. The following techniques were employed to characterize the isolates in the study – Gram’s stain, culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar, Germ Tube test, morphology in Cornmeal Agar and chromogenic agar media, sugar fermentation and sugar assimilation tests, and the results were interpreted by using standard protocols.Results Out of 50 candida isolates from different clinical samples including 37 blood samples, 9 urines and 4 Endo Tracheal (ET) tube, the most common species was C.albicans (44%) followed by C.tropicalis (26%), C.Glabrata (18%), C.Parapsilosis (08%), C.Krusei (02%), and C.Dubliniensis(02%).Conclusion The purpose of the study is to show the value of species isolation, identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the ICU & NICUs patients.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 61-65

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Prevalence of Candidiasis Infection & Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern at Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2830865 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Falguni Sharma ◽

Ved Prakash Mamoria ◽

Ekadashi Rajni Sabharwal ◽

Richa Sharma

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Species ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Gandhi Medical College

Background: Candida species are among the most common fungal pathogens. They are ubiquitous yeasts found on plants and form the microbiota of the alimentary tract of mammals and the mucocutaneous membranes in humans. Methods: A total of 90 clinical samples were collected from Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur over a period of one year. Primary identification is done by the direct smear examination by Gram’s staining and KOH mount and then further sub-cultured on SDA media. Results: Out of 90 clinical specimens collected, most common form of Candidiasis seen was Candiduria type followed by blood cultures, swab, Endotracheal tube, sputum and Bronchialveolar lavage. The maximum number of patients were found in the age group of 21-30 years, followed by 51-60 years. Out of 90 patients, 48 (53.3%) were males and 42 (46.6%) were females. C. tropicalis (44.4%) was the predominant species followed by C. albicans and other species of Candida. Among 90 samples, 32% were Candida albicans and remaining 68% were Non albicans Candida species. Conclusion: The study found that C. tropicalis was sensitive against Micafungin & Caspofungin, showing a 100% sensitivity. Candida albicans showed 100% sensitivity against Flucytosine.

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Rapid identification and susceptibility pattern of various Candida isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173542 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3466

Author(s):

Rajani Singh ◽

Rajesh K. Verma ◽

Sunita Kumari ◽

Amit Singh ◽

Dharmendra P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

The Body ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Human Beings ◽

Sensitivity Testing

Background: Candida species are component of normal flora of human beings. Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease affecting mucosa, skin, nails and internal organs. A variety of predisposing factors are known to cause candidiasis either by altering balance of normal microbial flora of the body or by lowering the host defence.Methods: A total of 90 specimens submitted in the department of microbiology were included in this study. Identification of Candida species as well as antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek®2 compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast like organisms (ID-YST cards). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek2 fungal susceptibility card (AST YS01) kits respectively.Results: The distribution of the clinical samples were urine 53 (58.9%), sputum 14 (15.5%), blood 10 (11.1%), nail 6 (6.7%) and high vaginal swab 7 (7.8%). Among 90 clinical isolates, species obtained were C. tropicalis 53 (59%), C. albicans 23 (25.5%), C. glabrata 6 (6.7%), C. parapsilosis 4 (4.4%), C. krusei 2 (2.2%), C. pelliculosa 1 (1.1%), C. famata 1 (1.1%).Conclusions: Infections caused by non-candida albicans species have increased. Identification of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment of hospitalized patients with serious underlying disease.

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