scholarly journals OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETICS AT THE PROVINCIAL REFERENCE CENTER FOR DIABETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Diabetes is defined as a disorder in the assimilation, use and storage of sugars provided by food, its management is ensured by monitoring overweight and obesity and regular glycemic control.  Methods: The study took place over a period of one year from January to December 2015.The evaluation of overweight and obesity was carried out by calculating the Body Mass Index, weight and height were measured according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), Glycemic control was performed by blood analysis of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose.  Results: The age range of patients is between 8 months and 80 years, with a dominance of diabetics from urban areas (74%) compared to those from rural areas (26%). Overweight affects all of this population. The average BMI of women tends towards obesity (IMC?30): (29.21 Kg / m 2 ± 3.1) for gestational diabetes and (29.15 Kg / m 2± 3.2) for type 2 diabetes. The glycemic control values are above the norms. The difference between the values of glycosylated hemoglobin between men (8.5 7% ± 2.6) and women (8.1% ± 2.3) is not significant (P> 0.05) Conclusion:All diabetics have BMI and glycemic control values above the norms. In-depth research is needed on these diabetics in order to establish an urgent program of remediation. Keywords: Diabetes, prevalence, BMI, overweight, Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar

scholarly journals Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

scholarly journals Self-supply as an alternative approach to water access in rural scattered regions: evidence from a rural microcatchment in Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar Torres-López ◽  
Inés Restrepo-Tarquino ◽  
Charlotte Patterson ◽  
John Gowing ◽  
Isabel Dominguez Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
External Support ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Globally, access to improved water sources is lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. Furthermore, in rural areas many people use water from individual systems they have developed with their investments, often without external support. This phenomenon has been called Self-supply. Self-supply ranges from simple to complex systems and different water sources. Water quality varies, from achieving World Health Organization (WHO) standards (0 CFU/100 ml) to systems that provide water posing high risks to human health. While most studies in Self-supply have been developed in Africa, little is known in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This research explores Self-supply in a rural microcatchment in Colombia (LAC). Data was collected through household and drinking water surveys and analysed. Results showed that 40% of households used Self-supply systems taking water from springs and brooks. Thermotolerant Coliforms were below 50 CFU/100 ml, both in dry and rainy season, and between 5 to 7% of samples achieved the WHO standard. These results suggest that Self-supply has potential to offer safe drinking water, provided improvements on source protection and institutional support. Therefore, Self-supply could contribute to address “unfinished business”, including ensuring access for the hardest-to-reach people, as stated in the post-2015 development agenda.</p>

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity: prevalence in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Edson Dos Santos Farias ◽  
Katia Fernanda Alves Moreira ◽  
Josivana Pontes dos Santos ◽  
Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli ◽  
Gean Magalhães da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Porto Velho

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifactorial etiology, brought about by a set of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. This may generate comorbidities that affect the quality of life and involve other risks to health. Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brazil in the period  2013-2016. Methods: This study included 4165 schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 years. The students were classified as overweight and obese, according to the z score of the body mass index (BMI) for age and calculated according the WHO AnthroPlus program. Subsequently, BMI for age was categorized according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): overweight (? score z +1 ? z + 2) and obese (? score z +2). Prevalence calculations were performed using the SPSS version 20.0 program.   Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight was 27.1%, being overweight 18.8% and obese 8.3%, in private schools 21.4% and 9.8%, public schools 17.0% and 7.2% respectively. The east zone predominated in both education networks 18.8% and 8.3% respectively. In males, the highest prevalence was at nine years old, 30.7% and 23.0%, and female, 24.3% and 13.8%. Conclusion: The magnitude of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high and worrying among schoolchildren and adolescents in the city of Porto Velho, which demonstrates the need for public health actions aimed at the family unit, regardless of the social segment.

scholarly journals New Health Care Reform and Impoverishment among Chronic Households in China: A Random-Intercept Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

High out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for chronic disease care often contribute directly to household poverty. Although previous studies have explored the determinants of impoverishment in China, few published studies have compared levels of impoverishment before and after the New Health Care Reform (NHCR) in households with members with chronic diseases (hereafter referred to as chronic households). Our study explored this using data from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys conducted in Shaanxi Province. In total, 1938 households in 2008 and 7700 households in 2013 were included in the analysis. Rates of impoverishment were measured using a method proposed by the World Health Organization. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to explore the influence of the NHCR on household impoverishment. Our study found that the influence of NHCR on impoverishment varied by residential location. After the reform, in rural areas, there was a significant decline in impoverishment, although the impoverishment rate remained high. There was little change in urban areas. In addition, impoverishment in the poorest households did not decline after the NHCR. Our findings are important for policy makers in particular for evaluating reform effectiveness, informing directions for health policy improvement, and highlighting achievements in the efforts to alleviate the economic burden of households that have members with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Relación entre el estado nutricional de niños de kínder y primero básico de dos colegios municipales de la Región del Maule y la percepción de sus padres sobre la Actividad Física y Hábitos Alimentarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cesar Faúndez Casanova ◽  
Eleazar Falcón Canales ◽  
Nicolás Silva Moya ◽  
Vanessa Vergara Peredo ◽  
Víctor Contreras Mellado
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Organization

The present study used the recommendations of the World Health Organization to measure nutritional status, doing so through the body mass index. The purpose of the study is to relate the nutritional status of kindergarten and first grade students from two municipal schools in the Maule region with the eating habits and physical activity perceived by the parents. 87 kindergarten and first grade students were evaluated. The results show that in kindergarten overweight and obesity reached (76.2%) respectively, and in first grade an overweight and obesity of (70.6%), however, no greater relationship was found between knowledge of the parents of the importance of physical activity in the life of their children and their nutritional status as well as in the eating habits that they reported of their children in relation to nutritional status. Students are in a nutritional state of risk and the perception of parents is low in terms of the knowledge they have regarding the practice of physical activity and eating habits, being directly related to the poor nutritional status that they present.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and diversification attitudes among Romanian mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Anastasia Simion ◽  
Maria Simion ◽  
Geanina Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Children Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Breastfeeding Attitudes

Abstract Introduction: Recommended by the World Health Organization as the optimal way of infant feeding, maternal breast milk represents the best nourishment for the newborn baby during its first six months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the Romanian mothers’ characteristics that can influence their attitude towards breastfeeding and food diversification. Methods: A questionnaire about 32 questions, including demographics items and breastfeeding attitudes, was sent online (socializing platforms) in 2020 to mothers from all Romania districts. Our sample included at the end 1768 subjects, who fully completed the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GraphPad statistical software. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding for more than six months was only 32.18% in our group, and most of them were educated mothers who lives in urban areas (OR=2.76), were married (OR=1.98), had over 30 years old (OR=1.43) and have more than one child (OR=1.74). Conclusions: We underline the importance of tackling in our future community interventions some of the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women (like groups education, good and accessible information about breastfeeding, young age, first pregnancy, or mothers from rural areas as well) in developing good habits of breastfeeding or complementary feeding, in order to improve their children health status and proper development.

scholarly journals Comparing healthiness across urban, peri-urban, and rural communities in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh

GeoScape ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Ripan Debnath ◽  
Praghya Parmita Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Income Opportunity ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractPeople in urban and peri-urban areas enjoy better physical access to health facilities compared to those living in rural area. However, healthier natural environment is commonly absent in urban and its adjoining peri-urban areas. Premising on the competitiveness of health determinants outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO), this study has embarked upon comparing healthiness of different communities in a region as well as to ascertain the factor(s) regulating their healthiness related outcome. Relying on presurveyed 1397 household data spreading over an urban, two peri-urban, and eight rural localities in Mymensingh region, Bangladesh, the study has evaluated the communities’ healthiness in views of both the conventional perspective and using a set of health determinants. Illness and disease manifestation as well as socio-economic status of the households were analyzed statistically to get communities’ overall healthiness scenario. Later, comparison among the communities and contribution of different indicators were sought using a combined score index. In this study’s context, it has been found that urban is healthier than rural followed by peri-urban community. Here, rural areas lack education the most that should be improved; peri-urban areas need better income opportunity; and urban area requires better water-supply and waste management facilities to improve their respective health status in a community sense. There is not a commonly accepted health metrics for community’s comprehensive health assessment toward which this study sets a pathway. Besides, using the combined health index developed here, specific interventions required to improve community’s healthiness and minimize the gap among them can easily be identified.

scholarly journals Modern view on the problem of children and adolescents physical development assesment

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Izotova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Children Under 5

The aim of work was to compile information on current international approaches to children and adolescents physical development assessment. Physical development is an important health indicator of children and adolescents, which reflects individual sexual and constitutional features, different climatic and socio-economic living conditions. Currently different of methods are used to assess children physical development. In 2006, the World Health Organization introduced a reference growth rates of children under 5 years («Child Growth Standards for children»), which show how children should grow while ensuring proper care, feeding and healthy environment. These standards make it possible to assess the physical development of children all over the world, regardless of ethnicity, feeding type and socioeconomic status. «WHO Growth Reference 2007» standards are developed for children from 5 to 19 years. It is recommended to evaluate nutritional status from 2 years of age by calculating the body mass index standard deviation score (SDS) on the standard for the corresponding age and sex. The program for personal computers «WHO Anthro» was developed for individual assessment of children under 5 years anthropometric indicators using both parametric (sigma - Z-score determination) and nonparametric (centile - percentile determination) methods, and the program «WHO AnthroPLUS» - for children and adolescents over 5 years. The programs allow to asses physical development easily and conveniently in practical application and to visualize the results. The World Health Organization international reference standards allow to evaluate physical development pathology, including nutritional status, according to international criteria for malnutrition, overweight and obesity, short and tall stature diagnosis. Adoption of the World Health Organization standards unifies the methodology for assessing the children and adolescents physical development, will make comparable the results obtained at different time, in different countries and regions of the world.

The environmental burden of diarrhea in young children attributable to inadequate sanitation in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520
Author(s):  
T. C. M. Sousa ◽  
C. Barcellos ◽  
A. F. Oliveira ◽  
J. Schramm ◽  
L. Garbayo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Unsafe Water ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

The Global Burden of Disease is the official metrics of World Health Organization in use to support public health evidence-based decision-making. It has been systematically used to assess environmental risk factors such as unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), as part of the measurement of Environmental Burden (EB). This article reports on the first study in Brazil that estimates the EB attributable to unsafe WASH associated with diarrhea for children under five years old for the country and macro-regions for 1998. The EB of diarrhea for this subgroup was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF) method for four scenarios of exposition to unsafe WASH. Results of PAF were multiplied by the EB obtained from the 1998 Brazilian GDB Study. The regions with higher EB for children below five years old were north and northeast, both predominantly rural. The EB attributable to unsafe WASH was 15% in 1998. The estimation of the EB of diarrhea contributes to the re-assessment of Brazil's attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in both health and environmental dimensions. Results obtained indicated that the country's precarious conditions of WASH in rural areas are below the goals of MDG, as well as in impoverished urban areas.

scholarly journals Prevalencia De Sobrepeso U Obesidad En Escolares De Una Población Urbana Del Estado De Jalisco, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gómez-Delgado Guillermo ◽  
Gutierrez-Villalobos Paola T. ◽  
Viveros-Paredes Juan M. ◽  
Pérez Vega María Isabel ◽  
Miranda Beltrán María de la Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. Urban populations in Mexico have not escaped the influence of today's world with an increase in sedentary lifestyles and inadequate food consumption patterns. These conditions have exacerbated the emerging and alarming problem of overweight and obesity in the country. Objective. To diagnose the nutritional status and determine the overweight and obesity prevalence in children between ages of 5 to 14 years of an urban community in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Material and methods. Through a cross-sectional study, 188 students were evaluated. Weight and height were measured and compared with reference standards of the World Health Organization, the values obtained from the measurement of waist circumference percentiles were compared with the percentile charts made by Fernandez et al, 2004. Results. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the total population was 36.7% (n = 69); in males the prevalence was 20.7% (12.2% for overweight and 8.5% for obesity) and in females was 16% (9.6% and 6.4%, respectively). Children from the fifth and sixth grade had a higher prevalence of both overweight and obesity. Conclusions. Our study shows the current nutritional problems manifested in urban areas, which is accentuated on children with higher increase between the 5th and 6th grades.

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