scholarly journals The Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on T-Box Transcription Factor 5 Gene Expression and Hypertrophy in the Heart Muscle of Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Elham Vosadi ◽  
◽  
Mahbobeh Borjian Fard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
T Box ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Ventricular Wall Thickness ◽  
Tbx5 Gene ◽  
Intensity Training

Background: Exercise is one of the methods affecting cardiovascular adaptation, but its cellular and molecular pathways and mechanisms are unknown. T-Box Transcription Factor 5 (TBX5) gene seems to be one of the factors involved in regulating cardiac hypertrophy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week exercise program with different intensities on the expression of TBX5 gene in the heart of male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups of High Intensity Training (HIT), Low Intensity Training and (LIT) and control. Training groups performed the exercise program for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week. The exercise program for the HIT group consists of running on a treadmill with five 8-min intervals at 85-90% VO2 max intensity divided into 2-min intervals at 50-60% VO2 max intensity, while for the LIT group it was included five 8-min intervals with 50-60% VO2 max intensity divided into 2-min intervals with 45% -50% VO2 max intensity. The control group performed no exercise. The real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression level of TBX5 gene. The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Findings: The heart weight (P≤0.001 and P=0.004), heart-weight to body-weight ratio (P≤0.0001 and P=0.001), and left ventricular wall thickness were significantly higher in the HIT and LIT groups than in the control group (P≤0.0001 and P=0.38 ). The left ventricular wall thickness in the HIT group was significantly higher than in the LIT group (P=0.001). The TBX5 expression in the two training groups were not significantly different from that of control group (P=0.11). Conclusion: It seems that more intensive exercise can have more significant effects on cardiac hypertrophy than less intensive exercise.

Chronic exercise and left ventricular structure and function in healthy human subjects

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wolfe ◽  
R. P. Martin ◽  
D. D. Watson ◽  
R. D. Lasley ◽  
D. E. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
And Function

Twelve healthy well-trained participants in a supervised exercise program (mean age, 41.3 yr) were compared with 12 sedentary control subjects (mean age, 38.9 yr) with physical characteristics similar to the exercised group (EG) before training. Resting echocardiograms revealed significantly lower heart rates (HR) in the EG compared with control group (CG) but no evidence for cardiac structural differences between groups. Radionuclide angiograms performed at rest and during two levels of supine cycling (HR targets: 120 and 140 beats X min-1) resulted in increases in background-corrected end-diastolic counts [EDC(bc)] and confirmed use of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the majority of subjects. Mean values (+/- SD) for ejection fraction (EF) and normalized peak systolic ejection rate (PSER) (P greater than 0.05 between groups) were the following. (Formula: see text) The results suggested that fitness training does not induce significant cardiac enlargement as apparent from measurements at rest or important changes in contractile state during exercise. Increases in exercise stroke volume with such training may be the result of an increased end-diastolic volume.

Positive inotropy due to lowering cyclic GMP is also mediated by increases in cyclic AMP in control and hypertrophic hearts

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L Naim ◽  
Prem Rabindranauth ◽  
Harvey R Weiss ◽  
James Tse ◽  
Richard J Leone, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inotropic Effects ◽  
Significant Change

The aim of the current study was to determine if lowering myocardial cyclic GMP by guanylate cyclase inhibition would add independently to the positive inotropic effects caused by raising cyclic AMP and if these effects are modified in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) produced by aortic valve plication. Isoproterenol (ISO) (0.1 mg·kg-1·min-1) was infused into a branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery of seven control and eight hypertrophy open-chest anesthetized dogs. After 10 min, simultaneous infusion of methylene blue (MB) (2 mg·kg-1·min-1) was initiated at the same site. Hypertrophy increased heart weight and heart weight / body weight ratio. While both drugs increased left ventricular dP/dtmax, no additional global effects were observed in either group. Changes in regional variables followed the same pattern in both groups, i.e., ISO produced an increase that was enhanced by the addition of MB. ISO increased segment shortening, with a significant change in the control group. ISO increased regional force in both groups. The addition of MB increased force above ISO levels, with a significant change in the LVH group. ISO increased regional minute work (g·mm·min-1) (control, 1779 ± 428 to 2541 ± 500; LVH, 1157 ± 253 to 1839 ± 404) and O2 consumption. MB further increased regional work (control, 2993 ± 952; LVH, 2416 ± 853) and O2 consumption. ISO raised cyclic AMP (pmoles·g-1) (control, 468 ± 41 to 580 ± 84; LVH, 445 ± 43 to 562 ± 71) and had no effect on cyclic GMP (pmoles·g-1) (control, baseline 3.27 ± 0.22, ISO 2.87 ± 0.23; LVH, baseline 6.84 ± 1.12, ISO 5.66 ± 0.54). The addition of MB lowered cyclic GMP (control, 2.41 ± 0.26; LVH, 3.68 ± 0.35), but also increased cyclic AMP (control, 1021 ± 121; LVH, 1107 ± 134). Similar results were observed in control hearts using a specific soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) in terms of changes in local work, O2 consumption, and cyclic nucleotides. Thus, at least part of the positive inotropic response to lowering cyclic GMP was mediated by changes in cyclic AMP in the current model. This was true in both control and LVH animals, although baseline cyclic GMP levels were higher, and a larger reduction in cyclic GMP was observed with MB in the LVH group.Key words: guanylate cyclase, coronary blood flow, myocardial shortening, myocardial work, myocardial O2 consumption, dog.

Antioxidant changes in hypertrophied and failing guinea pig hearts

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. H1280-H1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Dhalla ◽  
P. K. Singal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Ventricular Wall Thickness ◽  
Gshpx Activity

Hypertrophy and heart failure were induced by placing a mildly constrictive band around the ascending aorta in young guinea pigs. Based on heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness, hemodynamic data, and other clinical signs, these animals were found to have physiological hypertrophy at 10 wk and congestive heart failure (CHF) at 20 wk. Hearts from these two groups of animals were examined for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and catalase activities as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione [reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG)] levels. There was an age-dependent increase in SOD activity and GSH content in sham controls. SOD activity was 28% higher in the 10-wk-hypertrophy group and 46% lower in the CHF group than in respective sham controls. GSHPx activity increased significantly in the hypertrophied hearts, whereas in the failing hearts, the activity was not different from the 20-wk controls but was significantly lower than in the hypertrophied hearts. Catalase activity did not change at either stage. GSH content in the hypertrophied hearts was significantly higher compared with sham controls. In the CHF group, GSH content was significantly lower and GSSG content was significantly higher than in sham controls. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde content, was significantly decreased in the hypertrophy group but increased toward control levels in the failure group. It is proposed that a relative deficit in myocardial antioxidant capacity as well as in the redox state may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure.

An androgenic steroid decreases left ventricular compliance in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. H1096-H1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Trifunovic ◽  
G. R. Norton ◽  
M. J. Duffield ◽  
P. Avraam ◽  
A. J. Woodiwiss
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Strain Relation ◽  
Stiffness Constant

The effect of chronic administration of an androgenic steroid on left ventricular (LV) compliance and contractility was studied in rats. Rats received a biweekly intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate (5 mg/kg; steroid group) or the vehicle (control group) for 3 mo. Cardiac performance was measured in anesthetized open-chest ventilated rats. LV compliance was determined from the slope of the LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) vs. LV end-diastolic (LVED) strain relation measured in the long and short axes of the LV. LV regional myocardial compliance was determined from the slope of the LVED stress vs. LVED strain relation (myocardial elastic stiffness constant). Cardiac contractility was determined from the slope of the LV end-systolic (LVES) pressure vs. LVES strain relation. Systolic performance was also assessed from the slope of the pressure-length area (PL area) or stroke work vs. LVED strain and LVEDP relations. Nandrolone decanoate decreased body weight, heart weight, and plasma testosterone concentrations but increased the heart weight-to-body weight ratio. Nandrolone decanoate decreased LV compliance (slope of LVEDP vs. LVED strain relation in long and short axes; steroid vs. control, P < 0.01). This occurred as a result of an increased regional myocardial stiffness (myocardial elastic stiffness constant; steroid vs. control, P < 0.01), which resulted in a reduced cardiac systolic performance (PL area vs. LVEDP, slope of steroid vs. control group, P < 0.005). Diastolic geometry (LV wall thickness-to-radius ratio) and cardiac contractility were unchanged with steroid administration. In conclusion, chronic administration of the androgenic steroid nandrolone decanoate decreases LV myocardial compliance and thus overall cardiac performance without altering contractility in rats.

scholarly journals Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract ameliorates chronic heart failure in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857
Author(s):  
Hu-zhi Cai ◽  
Yan-ping Tang ◽  
Xin-yu Chen ◽  
Hai-bo Xie ◽  
Qing-yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract (OJKE) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Methods: The rats were modelled to congestive heart failure (except normal group) , and then randomly divided into normal control group, model (untreated) group, captopril group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose of OJKE groups. They were treated for 4 weeks as appropriate for each group. At the end of treatment, the hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, and blood creatinine kinase (CK), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitricoxide synthase (NOS) were determined. Results: Compared with the normal control group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), whole heart weight index, blood CK, MDA, NO, NOS significantly increased in the untreated group (p < 0.05). A high dose of OJKE significantly improved hemodynamic function, lowered MDA (8.33 ± 2.12 nmol/mL) and NO (20.58 ± 3.53 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.53±0.37 U/mL) and NOS (22.46±3.29 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OJKE improved adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats significantly.

scholarly journals Physical activity and bone turnover in women with osteopenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Dusan Peric ◽  
Branka Kovacev-Zavisic ◽  
Bojan Medjedovic ◽  
Romana Romanov ◽  
Zlatko Ahmetovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Background/Aim. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton characterized by a decrease in bone mass and changes in the bone structure. An increased tendency of the bone tissue for fractures occurs as a consequence of these changes. The initial phase of physiological aging of the bones that gradually leads to osteoporosis is osteopenia. This paper tracks the effects of a specific kind of physical exercise program in women with osteopenia. The aim was to quantify the impact of this program on: the concentration of bone metabolism blood markers, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and physical dimensions. Methods. The sample consisted of 26 women in postmenopause (age 46?58) divided into two groups ? experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 11). A combined program of exercise consisting of aerobic activities and strength training was applied in the experimental group, while the control group did not join in the exercise program. The program lasted for 7 weeks, three times a week with a break day between the trainings. The intensity of the aerobic training was in the span of 60% to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), and the intensity of the strength training was in the span of 60% to 85% of one repetitive maximum (1RM). Osteopenia was diagnosed prior to the experiment by applying a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and the hip. The following was measured before and after the experiment: the level of biochemical markers in the serum [Beta-aspartic acid ?-cross laps (CTx), total procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide (tP1NP) and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 1RM of leg extensors, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), bodily height and mass, and a calculated Body Mass Index (BMI). Results. Significant changes were determined only in the experimental group. During the experimental period, there was a significant increase of muscle strength and VO2 max, with a decrease of Beta-CTx concentration. No statistically significant changes were recorded in the control group. Conclusion. A 7- week period of systematic exercise showed to be sufficient to increase muscle strength and VO2 max, partially also to decrease bone resorption, but insufficient to alter bone volume, bodily mass, and BMI.

Effect of Zhen-wu decoction on chronic heart failure in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2439-2443
Author(s):  
Zhongyong Liu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Shihua Luo ◽  
Jia Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Hemodynamic Function ◽  
Whole Heart

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Zhen-wu decoction (ZWD) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats.Methods: After Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were successfully prepared into CHF, they were randomly divided into normal control group, model (untreated CHF) group,  captopril group, high-dose, middledose and low-dose of ZWD groups, and were  treated with drugs for 4 weeks respectively. At the end of the experiment,  hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, blood creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined.Results: Compared with normal control group, ZWD group showed decreased arterial systolic pressure (SBP, 89.16 ± 17.27 mmHg), diastolic pressure (DBP, 72.54 ± 22.36 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (MAP, 72.64 ± 11.87 mmHg), heart rate (HR, 368.25 ± 39.12 beats/min), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP, 105.27 ± 15.23 mmHg), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (19.52 ± 1.89 mmHg), whole heart weight index (2.74 ± 0.16 mg/g), blood CK (0.98 ± 0.16 U/mL), MDA (17.28 ± 2.94 nmol/mL), NO (36.35 ± 3.27 umol/L), NOS (39.89 ± 3.56 U/mL) significantly  increased (p < 0.05). High dose of ZWD significantly improved hemodynamic  function, lowered MDA (8.85 ± 2.14 nmol/mL) and NO (24.25 ± 3.21 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.58 ± 0.37 U/mL) and NOS (26.12 ± 3.87 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: ZWD improves adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats significantly, and therefore has potential to be developed for the management of chronic congestive heart failure.Keywords: Zhen-wu decoction, Chronic heart failure, Hemodynamic function,  Oxidative stress

scholarly journals Modulation of β-adrenoceptor signaling in the hearts of 4-wk simulated weightlessness rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yin ◽  
Jin-Cheng Liu ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Xi-Qing Sun ◽  
Jin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Arterial Blood

The modulation of β-adrenoceptor signaling in the hearts of hindlimb unweighting (HU) simulated weightlessness rats has not been reported. In the present study, we adopted the rat tail suspension for 4 wk to simulate weightlessness; then the effects of simulated microgravity on β-adrenoceptor signaling were studied. Mean arterial blood pressure (ABP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), systolic function (+dP/d tmax), and diastolic function (−dP/d tmax) were monitored in the course of the in vivo experiment. Single rat ventricular myocyte was obtained by the enzymatic dissociation method. Hemodynamics, myocyte contraction, and cAMP production in response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation with isoproterenol or adenylyl cyclase stimulation with forskolin were measured, and Gs protein was also determined. Compared with the control group, no significant changes were found in heart weight, body weight and ABP, while LVP and ±dP/d tmax were significantly reduced. The ABP decrease, LVP increase, and ±dP/d tmax in response to isoproterenol administration were significantly attenuated in the HU group. The effects of isoproterenol on electrically induced single-cell contraction and cAMP production in myocytes of ventricles in the HU rats were significantly attenuated. The biologically active isoform, Gsα (45 kDa) in the heart, was unchanged. Both the increased electrically induced contraction and cAMP production in response to forskolin were also significantly attenuated in the simulated weightlessness rats. Above results indicated that impaired function of adenylyl cyclase causes β-adrenoceptor desensitization, which may be partly responsible for the depression of cardiac function.

Reduced training intensities and loss of aerobic power, endurance, and cardiac growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
C. Foster ◽  
M. L. Pollock ◽  
T. M. Galassi ◽  
S. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Reduced Group ◽  
The One

Twelve subjects participated in an exercise program of cycling and running 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. After 10 wk, they continued to train with either a one-third or two-thirds reduction in work rates for an additional 15 wk. Frequency and duration for the additional training remained the same as during the 10 wk of training. The average increases in maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max) were between 11 and 20% when measured during cycling and treadmill running after 10 wk of training. VO2 max was not maintained at the 6-day/wk training levels with a one-third reduction in training intensity but was still higher than pretraining levels. With a two-thirds reduction in intensity, VO2 max declined to an even greater extent than with the one-third reduction. Short-term endurance (approximately 5 min) was maintained in the one-third reduced group but was markedly reduced in the two-thirds reduced group. Long-term endurance was decreased significantly from training by 21% in the one-third reduced group (184–145 min) and by 30% in the two-thirds reduced group (202–141 min). Calculated left ventricular mass, obtained from echocardiographic measurements, increased approximately 15% after training but returned to control levels after reduced training in both groups. These results demonstrate that training intensity is an essential requirement for maintaining the increased aerobic power and cardiac enlargement with reduced training.

Effects of graded insulin therapy on cardiac function in diabetic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. H453-H458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rubinstein ◽  
T. F. Schaible ◽  
A. Malhotra ◽  
J. Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Control Group

To determine the effects of graded insulin therapy on cardiac function and biochemistry, rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and subsequently treated with either 3 U of insulin per day (D3) or 5 U/day (D5) and compared with untreated diabetic rats (D phi) and a nondiabetic control group (C). Blood glucose, water consumption, and heart and body weights in D3 and D5 showed dose-dependent responses between those of D phi and C. Cardiac function was studied at similar heart rates and similar left atrial and aortic pressures in an isolated working heart apparatus. Hearts from D phi showed significant decreases in end-diastolic pressure, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, and positive dP/dt, whereas these values in D3 and D5 were similar to those in C. The isovolumic relaxation period was significantly longer in the D phi group, intermediate between D phi and C in D3, and the same in D5 and C. Ca2+-ATPase activity of myosin and actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity was depressed in D phi, partially corrected in D3, and completely corrected in D5. Myosin isoenzyme distribution displayed a shift from the predominant V1 pattern observed in C to a predominant V3 pattern in D phi. Treatment with 3 U of insulin per day partially corrected the isoenzyme abnormality, and treatment with 5 U/day restored the isoenzyme distribution to normal. These results indicate that gross cardiac contractile function can be normalized with insulin dosages that are not sufficient to correct hyperglycemia, polydipsia, or body and heart weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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