scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ НА ВХОДІ КОГЕНЕРАЦІЙНОГО ГАЗОПОРШНЕВОГО МОДУЛЯ НА ЧАСТКОВИХ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯХ

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Андрій Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв ◽  
Сергій Георгійович Фордуй ◽  
Володимир Володимирович Бойчук ◽  
Андрій Вікторович Коновалов
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Partial Loads

The fuel efficiency of the reciprocating gas engine deteriorates with the increase of ambient air temperatures at the inlet to the radiator of the recirculating cooling water system for cooling the scavenge gas/air mixture at the inlet of the working cylinders and the air at the inlet of the scavenge air turbocharger. The peculiarity of cogeneration reciprocating gas modules of plants for combined production of electricity, heat, and cold is the operation mainly at partial loads according to the schedules of consumption of electricity, heat, and cold. The efficiency of cooling air of cogeneration gas module on the partial loads was analyzed on the example of an integrated power supply installation, which includes two cogeneration reciprocating gas engines JMS 420 GS-N.LC GE Jenbacher, manufactured as the cogeneration modules with exchangers using the heat of exhaust gases, scavenge gas-air mixture, cooling water of the engine shirt and lubricating oil for heating water. Hot water heat is transformed by the AR-D500L2 Century absorption lithium-bromide chiller into a cold that is spent on technological needs and for the operation of a central air conditioner that cools the engine room income air from where it is sucked by a scavenge air turbocharger. Because of significant heat influx from working engines and other equipment, as well as through the enclosures of the engine room from the outside to the air-cooled in the central air conditioner in the engine room, from where it is sucked by a turbocharger, the air temperature at the inlet of the turbocharger is quite high: 25...30 °C. At elevated temperatures of the ambient air at the inlet of the radiator for cooling scavenge gas-air mixture and the air at the turbocharger inlet the fuel economy of engine is falling, which indicates the need for efficient cooling of air. The efficiency of cooling the air of the reciprocating gas module was estimated by a reduction in the consumption of gas fuel and an increase in electric power of the engine. For this purpose, the data of monitoring on the fuel efficiency of the reciprocating gas engine with the combined influence of the ambient air temperature at the inlet of the radiator and the air at the turbocharger inlet were processed to obtain data on their separate effects and to determine the ways to further improve the air cooling system of the reciprocating gas module.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ ПОВІТРЯ КОГЕНЕРАЦІЙНОГО ГАЗОПОРШНЕВОГО МОДУЛЯ УСТАНОВКИ АВТОНОМНОГО ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Андрій Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв ◽  
Сергій Георгійович Фордуй ◽  
Володимир Володимирович Бойчук ◽  
Віталій Васильович Цуцман
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Engine Room

The analysis of the efficiency of cooling air of cogeneration gas-piston module of installations for combined production of electric energy, heat, and cold is performed. The installation for energy supply includes two JMS 420 GS-N.LC GE Jenbacher cogeneration gas-piston engines manufactured as cogeneration modules with heat exchangers for removing the heat of exhaust gases, scavenge gas-air mixture, cooling water of engine and lubricating oil. The heat of hot water is transformed by the absorption lithium-bromide chiller AR-D500L2 Century into the cold, which is spent on technological needs and for the operation of the central air conditioner for cooling the incoming air of the engine room, wherefrom it is sucked by the turbocharger of the engine. The temperature of the scavenge gas-air mixture at the entrance to the working cylinders of the engine is maintained by the system of recirculating cooling with the removal of its heat into surroundings by the radiator. Because of significant heat influx from working engines and other equipment, as well as through the enclosures of the engine room from the outside to the air-cooled in the central air conditioner in the engine room, from where it is sucked by a turbocharger, the air temperature at the inlet of the turbocharger is quite high: 25...30 °C. At elevated temperatures of the ambient air at the inlet of the radiator for cooling scavenge gas-air mixture and the air at the turbocharger inlet the fuel economy of engine is falling, which indicates the need for efficient cooling of air. The efficiency of cooling the air of the gas-piston module was estimated by a reduction in the consumption of gaseous fuel and the increase in electric power of the engine. For this purpose, the data of monitoring on the fuel efficiency of the gas-piston engine with the combined influence of the ambient air temperature at the inlet of the radiator and the air at the turbocharger inlet were processed to obtain data on their separate effects and to determine the ways to further improve the air cooling system of the gas-piston module.

scholarly journals РЕЗЕРВИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ТЕПЛОТИ УСТАНОВКИ АВТОНОМНОГО ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Сергій Георгійович Фордуй ◽  
Андрій Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв ◽  
Володимир Володимирович Бойчук ◽  
Олексій Валерійович Остапенко
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Exhaust Heat

It is analyzed the efficiency of heat conversion in the integrated electricity, heat and cooling supply of the enterprise. The installation for energy supply includes two JMS 420 GS-N.LC GE Jenbacher cogeneration gas engines manufactured as cogeneration modules with heat exchangers for removing the heat of exhaust gases, scavenge gas-air mixture, cooling water of engine and lubricating oil. The heat of hot water is transformed by the absorption lithium-bromide chiller AR-D500L2 Century into the cold, which is spent on technological needs and for the operation of the central air conditioner for cooling the incoming air of the engine room, where from it is sucked by the turbocharger of the engine. The presence of significant heat losses, which account for about 30% of the total heat removed from the cogeneration gas piston module and is due to the inconsistency of the joint operation modes of the absorption lithium-bromide chiller and the gas piston engine, was revealed. This inconsistency is caused by the contradictory conditions of their effective operation according to the temperature of the return coolant at the outlet of the absorption lithium-bromide chiller and the entrance to the engine cooling system. The thermal state of the gas piston engine is ensured by maintaining the temperature of the return coolant at the entrance to it is not higher than 70 °C. At the same time, during the transformation of the heat of the coolant into the cold in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller, the temperature decreasing in the machine is no more than 10 ... 15 °С, that is, up to 75 ... 80 °С, if the temperature of the heat coolant outlet from the cogeneration gas piston module, i.e. at the inlet of the absorption lithium-bromide chiller, 90 °С. Therefore, the return coolant is additionally cooled in the "emergency heat release" radiator by removing its heat into surroundings. It is shown the possibility of increasing the cooling capacity of the system by conversion of the return coolant exhaust heat into cold in absorption lithium-bromide and ejector chillers through the data procession of monitoring the heat conversion system in the integrated energy plant.

scholarly journals Monitoring the efficiency of cooling air at the inlet of gas engine in integrated energy system

2020 ◽  
pp. 344-344
Author(s):  
Andrii Radchenko ◽  
Ionut-Cristian Scurtu ◽  
Mykola Radchenko ◽  
Serhiy Forduy ◽  
Anatoliy Zubarev
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Chilled Water ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Cooling Air

The fuel efficiency of gas engines is effected by the temperature of intake air at the suction of turbocharger. The data on dependence of fuel consumption and engine electric power on the intake air temperature were monitored for Jenbacher gas engine JMS 420 GS-N.LC to evaluate its influence. A waste heat of engine is rejected for heating water to the temperature of about 90??. The heat received is used in absorption lithium-bromide chiller to produce a cold in the form of chilled water. A cooling capacity of absorption chiller firstly is spent for technological needs and then for feeding the central air conditioner for cooling the ambient air incoming the engine room, from where the air is sucked by the engine turbocharger. The monitoring data revealed the reserves to enhance the efficiency of traditional cooling system of intake air by absorption chiller through deeper cooling. This concept can be realized in two ways: by addition cooling a chilled water from absorption chiller to about 5-7?? for feeding engine intake air cooler or by two-stage cooling with precooling ambient air by chilled water from ACh in the first stage and subsequent deep cooling air to the temperatures 7-10?? in the second stage of intake air cooler by using a refrigerant as a coolant. In both cases the ejector chiller could be applied as the most simple in design.

On Air Conditioning With Photovoltaics

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A simple solar photovoltaic power system comprised of photovoltaic modules and a vapor-compression air conditioner is described and its performance characteristics are analyzed. The mathematical model expresses the system’s cooling capacity as a function of insolation, ambient air temperature, and indoor air temperature. The economics of photovoltaic power systems are generally optimum when the power supply matches exactly the load demand, thus eliminating the need for on-site energy storage or backup power. Correlations between predicted cooling capacities and air conditioning loads are presented as one measure of the economics of air conditioning with photovoltaics.

scholarly journals Real Air-Conditioning Performance of Ejector Refrigerator Based Air-Conditioner Powered by Low Temperature Heat Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Tongchana Thongtip ◽  
Natthawut Ruangtrakoon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Comfort Condition

In this present work, the air-conditioning test performance of an ejector refrigerator-based air-conditioner (ERAC) was proposed. The ERAC was operated as the water chiller to produce the cooling load up to 4.5 kW. The chilled water temperature was later supplied to the fan-coil unit for producing the thermal comfort condition. The cooling water used to cool the condenser was achieved from the cooling tower which was operated under the hot and humid ambient. This is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the ERAC in real working conditions. The cooling load supplied to the air-conditioned space was applied by the air heater. The ERAC could efficiently be operated to produce the thermal comfort condition which was driven by the hot water temperature (Thot) of 90–98 °C. The system performance could vary with the heat source temperatures, cooling load, primary nozzle, and air-conditioned space temperature. The optimal performance was determined when varying the Thot, and, hence, the optimal Thot was indicated. The optimal Thot varied significantly with variations in the working condition. The test results demonstrated high potential to further using the ejector refrigeration system in the actual air conditioning application.

Implications of Thermal Discharge Limits on Future Power Generation in Texas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Cook ◽  
Carey W. King ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Effluent ◽  
Thermoelectric Power Plants

The recent drought in Texas revealed the vulnerability of curtailment for some power plants due to cooling water supplies being too hot. Assessing the risk of reduced operations at thermoelectric power plants associated with thermal discharge limits, as well the potential for cooperation between power plants, can increase the resiliency of the electricity grid in Texas and aid future planning. This evaluation compares the observed effluent discharge water temperatures from thermoelectric power plants in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) interconnection with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) discharge temperature limits. Results indicate that at least two major power plants representing over 3,000 MW of cumulative generation capacity have operated at or near these temperature limits in the past. Predicted warming from heat waves, droughts, or climate change might increase ambient air temperature (one of the primary factors affecting effluent temperature) causing even higher derating in the future. We modeled current and future average monthly cooling water effluent temperature for open loop and recirculating cooling pond systems in ERCOT using current climate data and predictions of ambient air temperature, electricity generation, dew point, and wind speed for 2027–2032. While there are some power plants that are projected to be exposed to thermal effluent-related curtailment, we estimate that there is six times as much electricity generation potential available from other existing generators that can meet demand without reaching thermal effluent temperature limits. That is, this work’s analysis indicates that other existing power plants could generate additional electricity to offset the curtailment of the particular power plants at greatest risk from derating to maintain grid reliability.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Double-Glazed Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozsoy ◽  
Sabahattin Demirer ◽  
Nor Maria Adam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature

Domestic hot water preparation systems with flat plate solar collectors are widely used in Turkey. In this collector, the temperature difference between the required water temperature and the ambient air temperature increase causes a decrease in the efficiency of the collector. In this study, the use of double glass in order to increase the efficiency of the collector is studied experimentally.The location is in Isparta South West Turkey. Experimental study is conducted in May 2013 at the Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta. The system components are solar simulator, solar collector, tank, circulation pump, flowmeter, thermocouples, data acquisition device and solar sensor. Solar collector system’s operating temperature is 50oC for winter also summer. The difference between the collector temperature and the ambient air temperature exceeds 25oC in many cases, were found to be more efficient double-glazed collectors. When the temperature difference is 40oC, using double glazing collector is 24% more efficient than using single glazing collector.

Development for a Hot-Water Heating System Using Biogas Energy in the Pig Farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Cheng Chang Lien ◽  
Jeng Liang Lin ◽  
Perng Kwei Lei
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Biogas Energy

A water heating system which utilized biogas energy as a heat source in farrowing house of pig farm was developed in this study. The hot water which was heated by the biogas-burners flowed through the delivery pipeline to heat the metal panel made of aluminum alloy in the piglet’s incubator. The ambient air temperature in the piglets incubator could be raised by way of the thermal radiation of the aluminum panel and then kept the piglets warm. The simulation tests of the hot-water heating system was aimed to find out the reference conditions of the field tests by measuring the temperature of the hot water under different flow rate of the hot water and investigating the air temperature change rate in piglets incubator. The results of simulation tests showed that the ambient air temperature of the piglets incubator can achieve above 28 °C within 30 minutes in the conditions of 90 °C hot water and 45.3 L/min water flow rate. The influence of flow rate to the ambient air temperature in the piglet’s incubator was not significant. The results of the field tests obtained that the heating panel surface temperature increased significantly with the rising hot water temperature. Under the condition of 85 °C hot water and 45.3 L/min flow rate, the raised air temperature was 5.2 °C within 25 minutes in the piglets incubator where 13-day-age eight piglets stayed. This hot-water heating system can switch by hand to the electric-auxiliary heating device when there is no enough biogas to use. The hot-water heating system can achieve the purpose of saving electric energy and reducing the emissions of the greenhouse gas. It is feasible to operate and adjust the suitable temperature for the growth environment of piglets.

Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Modules by Active Thermal Management

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Valerie Eveloy ◽  
Shrinivas Bojanampati
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

The electrical efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules are severely limited by elevated cell operating temperature in high solar irradiation and ambient air temperature environments, such as in the Middle East. In this study the potential of water-cooling to improve the electrical performance of stationary south facing and sun-tracked flat-type PV modules is experimentally investigated for application at oil and gas facilities in the Persian Gulf. The cooling design is based on gravity-assisted water trickling over the module active surface. In parallel with measurements of PV module electrical characteristics, global solar irradiation, ambient air and cooling water temperatures are also recorded. From the results obtained, the following initial guidelines are derived for the operation of PV modules in late winter to early spring conditions (G ≈ 485–900 W/m2, T∞ ≈ 26–40°C) in the United Arab Emirates (24.43°N, 54.45°E), which would correspond to summer at for example mid European latitudes: i) vertical single-axis sun tracking improves module peak electrical power output by 6% to 10% compared to operation in stationary, geographical south facing orientation, for both passively- or water-cooled modules; ii) for cooling water temperatures ranging from 26 to 33°C, water-cooling enhances the power output of stationary south facing and sun-tracked modules for a significant portion of the day, up to 19.8 W (21%) at solar noon; iii) the integration of water-cooling and sun-tracking increases power output by 22 W (26%) at for example 10:30 a.m. relative to a stationary, passively-cooled module. For the latitude and seasonal conditions considered, water-cooling a stationary PV module is 9 to 15% more effective than sun-tracking a passively-cooled module in terms of peak power output. Higher performance improvements could be obtained using either chilled or underground water at a temperature below ambient air temperature, particularly in Middle East summer conditions.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF WATER HEATING BY SOLAR COLLECTORS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imants ZIEMELIS ◽  
Henriks PUTANS ◽  
Ilze PELECE ◽  
Andrejs SNEGOVS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
The Earth

Amount of presently mainly used fossil energy resources on the earth are limited and its impact on the earth environment is negative. Therefore, scientific research on replacing them with alternative energy like solar is important. Usually in practice, solar radiation for domestic water heating by solar collectors and production of electric energy by photovoltaic (PV) panels is used. Obtained by solar panels electric energy for water heating also can be use. The aim of the research is to make out the more preferable method for water heating by solar radiation particularly in weather conditions of Latvia. There are some advantages and disadvantages for each of them analyzed in the paper. Our research has shown that, at the same intensity of solar radiation, the efficiency of solar collectors is higher while the heated water temperature in the system’s hot water tank is lower, and at higher ambient air temperature as well, but opposite to this, efficiency of PV panels is higher at lower ambient air temperature. Electricity produced by PV panels, using an electric resistance heaters heat water independently of its temperature. The amount of heat energy transferred from a solar collector by heat carrier to the hot water tank depends on the temperature difference between the heat carrier and heated water. The method of investigation corresponds to the goal of investigation, the effectivity of solar collectors and solar panels of different design and construction has analyzed in the paper.

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