scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF INDONESIA AND GLOBAL AGRICULTURE: RICE CONSUMPTION AND AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ade Marsinta Arsani
Keyword(s):  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Income Elasticity Of Demand

In the industry revolution 4.0 era, the agriculture sector still has an important position in human life because, without this sector, human capital development cannot be well developed. Globally, the share of agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector has declined significantly in the last two decades. However, the demand on agriculture product, especially rice, incline every year. Rice supply and demand projection with appropriate methods are very important because their result affect how agricultural policies are applied. The aim of this study is to examine the likely evolution of rice consumption in Indonesia and forecast the Indonesia rice consumption per capita based on global data. The results indicate the income elasticity of demand for rice in the Indonesia has become negative. The forecast of model show that Indonesia’s rice demand will keep incline, at least in the next five years. Due to those result, in order to maintain farmers’ wealth, modernization in agriculture is needed. Government has encouraged some programs such as Simluhtan, Katam, Si Mantap, Smart Farming, Smart Green House, Autonomous Tractor, dan Smart Irrigation to accelerate the agricultural transformation. Unfortunately, human resource quality becomes a problem. Indonesia need massive effort so that modernization in agriculture works well.

MONITORING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384-2369
Author(s):  
V.G. Zakshevskiy ◽  
◽  
Z.V. Gavrilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Integral System ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Capital Development

The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERMINTAAN KEDELAI DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Septi Rostika Anjani ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Income Elasticity Of Demand

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the demand of soybean in Indonesia. The research method uses descriptive analysis of secondary data which includes the price of imported soybeans, the price of chicken, per capita  income,  the rate of inflation and import tariff policy  year period 1980-2013 which sourced from FAO  and  other  sources.  Estimation  of  demand  function  using  multiple  linear regression  analysis  were  transformed  in  the  form  of  natural  logarithm.  Regression analysis showed that soybean demand in Indonesia was influenced partially by prices of chicken, per capita income, and the rate of inflation. The price elasticity of demand of soybean in Indonesia is inelastic, that is equal 0,22. While the income elasticity of demand  for  soybeans  is  positive  which  means  that  soy  is  a  staple  item  for  the Indonesian people.

Food for All in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Transformation

Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families. This book describes the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and presents the concepts and practices of sustainable intensification as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, the book indicates, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within sustainable intensification: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain. This book envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in sustainable intensification that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership. The book demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met.

Water-Stressed Pakistan

Asian Survey ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1136
Author(s):  
Amit Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

The widening gap between water supply and demand is the biggest threat and challenge before Pakistan. Of the available water, much is polluted. Both scarcity and pollution threaten the agriculture sector, on which the country’s economy depends.

scholarly journals Rainfall Forecast of Merauke Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 12010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni P. Pasaribu ◽  
Hariani Fitrianti ◽  
Dessy Rizki Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Rainfall Forecast

Climate is an important element for human life, one of them is to agriculture sector. Global climate change leads to increased frequency and extreme climatic intensity such as storms, floods, and droughts. Rainfall is climate factor that causes the failure of harvest in Merauke. Therefore, rainfall forecast information is very useful in anticipating the occurrence of extreme events that can lead to crop failure. The purpose of this research is to model rainfall using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The ARIMA model can be used to predict future events using a set of past data, including predicting rainfall. This research was conducted by collecting secondary data from Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) from 2005 until 2017, then the data was analyzed using R.3.4.2. software. The analysis result showed that ARIMA model (2.0,2) as the right model to predict rainfall in Merauke. The result of forecasting based on ARIMA model (2.0,2) for one period ahead is 179 mm of average rainfall, 46 mm of minimum rainfall, and 295 mm of maximum rainfall. Thus it can be concluded that the intensity of rainfall in Merauke has decreased and there was a seasonal shift from the previous period.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Brazilian Program of Subsidies for Rural Insurance Premium: Evolution from 2005 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Pedro Loyola ◽  
Vilmar Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Claudimar Pereira Da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
General Data

<p>Rural insurance is inserted in the field of agricultural policies to mitigate risks that farmers face. It was an innovation for the Brazilian government from the implementation standpoint, despite the existence of similar programs in other countries. The purpose of this paper is to assess the recent evolution of the Brazilian Rural Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSR) and its main variables: amount insured area, policies, average area, benefiting producers, total premiums involved and total subsidy. The study examined in detail the PSR representation by region and farming. In order to evaluate the results of this program on agricultural policy, an exploratory and descriptive analysis was performed with the objective of studying the evolution of the Brazilian rural insurance in the context of PSR, using the information available in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) about the program. The information and data were collected between July and August 2015. The study was based on data collected from 2005 to 2013 with some general data of 2014 program included in the study. Even though the focus of the analysis was on the most recent years, 2009-2013. Data analysis revealed that the increased supply and demand for rural insurance is in the South and in the agricultural modalities for grains and fruits, with growth potential in other sectors and other regions in the country. PSR, as public policy, was responsible for the expansion of the rural insurance market in Brazil, encouraging and providing the access of producers to agricultural insurance by subsidizing the premium fee. Although this expansion has been slow and gradual, Brazil had in 2013 about 13.8% of the agricultural area with rural insurance coverage. This reveals the need for expanding the program to popularize this important risk mitigation tool.</p>

scholarly journals Income elasticity of demand within individual consumer groups and the level of income elasticity of the entire market demand 

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-417
Author(s):  
P. Syrovátka
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Aggregation Equation ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Income Elasticity Of Demand

The paper is focused on the derivation of the mathematical relationship among the income-elasticity level of the entire market demand and the income-elasticity values of the demand functions of the consumers&rsquo; groups buying on the defined market. The determination of the mathematical term was based on the linearity of the relevant demand functions. Under the linearity assumption, the income elasticity coefficient of the entire market demand equals the weighted sum of the income-demand elasticities of the differentiated consumer groups buying on the given market. The weights in the aggregation formula are defined as the related demand shares, i.e. as the proportions of the groups&rsquo; demands to the entire market demand. The derived aggregation equation is quite held if no demand interactions (e.g. the snob or fashion effect) are recorded among differentiated consumers&rsquo; groups. The derived formula was examined by using empirical data about the consumer behaviour of Czech households in the market of meat and meat products (Czech Statistical Office). However, the application potential of the achieved term for the income-elasticity aggregations is much broader within the consumer-behaviour analysis. In addition to the subject aggregations of the demand functions, we can also apply the derived formula for the analysis and estimations of the income elasticities within the demand-object aggregations, i.e. the multistage analysis of the income elasticity of consumer demand. Another possibility of the use of the aggregation equation is for the evaluations and estimations of the income elasticity of the region-demand functions in relation to the subregions&rsquo; demands or reversely.

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