Effects of salt stress on growth parameters of some (Beta vulgaris L.) varieties

Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.

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Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2224

Author(s):

Mira Rahman ◽

Khussboo Rahman ◽

Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽

Md. Mahabub Alam ◽

Kamrun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

H2o2 Content ◽

Mda Content ◽

Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

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Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sakil Mahmud ◽

Shayla Sharmin ◽

Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽

Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Biochemical Component ◽

Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

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Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150121062s ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 993-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lydia Shtereva ◽

Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽

Tanya Karceva

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Salt Stress Condition ◽

Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

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Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2020.83.43-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Yu. Khoma ◽

L. Khudolieieva ◽

N. Kutsokon

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Hybrid Poplar ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

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Effects of Salt Stress on Inorganic Ions and Glycine Betaine Contents in Leaves of Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.

Korean Journal of Lomnology ◽

10.11614/ksl.2013.46.3.388 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 388-394

Author(s):

Sung-Chul Choi ◽

◽

Jong-Guk Kim ◽

Yeon-Sik Choo

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Inorganic Ions

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Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salinity Tolerance of Zygophyllum coccineum with Regard to Seed Germination and Growth Parameters

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1504

Author(s):

Elsayed Mohamed ◽

Ahmed M. M. A. Kasem ◽

Adil A. Gobouri ◽

Amr Elkelish ◽

Ehab Azab

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Adaptive Plasticity ◽

Salt Level ◽

Level Increase ◽

Moderate Salinity ◽

Saline Habitats

Zygophyllum coccineum is a facultative halophyte widely distributed in desert wadis and coastal areas in Egypt. Here, we investigated the influences of maternal habitat on tolerance to salt stress during germination and seedling growth under salinity (0, 100, 200, 400 mM NaCl) of three populations of Z. coccineum from a saline habitat (Manzala coast) and non-saline habitats (Wadi Houf and Wadi Asyuti). In all populations, seed germination started within two days in distilled water but germination indices were reduced significantly with salt level increase. Germination percentage was not significantly greater for seeds from non-saline habitats than for those from the saline habitat under moderate salinity (100, 200 mM NaCl), but only seeds from the saline habitat were able to germinate under high salt stress (400 mM NaCl). Germination recovery was greater for seeds from the saline habitat compared to non-saline populations. At the seedling level, the Manzala population showed the lowest inhibition of shoot length and leaf area under salinity (200 and 400 mM NaCl) compared to non-saline habitats. In the same context, the Manzala population had the maximum chlorophyll a content, superoxide dismutase and esterase activities under salinity compared to non-saline populations, but salinity had a non-significant effect on chlorophyll b between the three populations. Carotenoids were enhanced with the increase of salt levels in all populations. These results suggest the salt tolerance of Manzala population is derived from maternal salinity and adaptive plasticity of this species may play an important role in the wide distribution of Z. coccineum.

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Effect of irrigation salinity on the growth and yield of two Aus rice cultivars of Bangladesh

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v7i2.40742 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tahmina Khanam ◽

Nahid Akhtar ◽

MA Halim ◽

Feroza Hossain

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Water Control ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Pot Culture

The experiment was conducted to clarify the growth and yield response of two rice cultivars, BR55 and BR43 under salt stress. Six different concentrations of NaCl viz 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM and distilled water (control) were applied on the rice cultivars which were grown under pot culture condition. Growth parameters like plant height, tiller number, leaf number and leaf area were negatively affected by salinity in both cultivars. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in yield in both cultivars of rice. Growth reduction was higher in BR43 than in BR55.The reduction in yield and yield parameters were found to be lower in BR55 than those in BR43. The results obtained in the present study suggest that BR55 showed higher salt tolerance than in BR43. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 1-12, 2018 (December)

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Potential of Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and their mixture on the management of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum, and Rhizoctonia solani disease complex of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0174-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manzoor R. Khan ◽

Zaki A. Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Root Rot ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Principal Component ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Disease Complex

AbstractEffects of Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis alone, and in combinations for the management of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum, and Rhizoctonia solani disease complex of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), were studied. Application of P. putida or B. subtilis to plants with M. incognita or P. betavasculorum or R. solani singly or in combinations caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and the activities of defense enzymes. A significant increase in chlorophyll fluorescence attributes, viz., Fv/Fm, ɸPSII, qP, NPQ, and ETR were recorded in plants treated with P. putida or B. subtilis over pathogen-inoculated plants. Inoculation of P. putida results in a higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than B. subtilis. Maximum reduction in nematode multiplication and galling occurred when a mixture of P. putida and B. subtilis was used. Soft rot and root rot indices were 3 when Pectobacterium betavasculorum and Rhizoctonia solani were inoculated alone. The disease indices were rated 5 when these pathogens and M. incognita were inoculated in combinations. Inoculation of P. putida/B. subtilis with P. betavasculorum or R. solani reduced soft rot and root rot indices to 2 out of 3, while the use of P. putida + B. subtilis reduced indices to 1. Disease indices were reduced to 2–3 out of 5, when P. putida + B. subtilis were used to plants inoculated with two or three pathogens. The principal component analysis showed significant correlations among the various studied attributes. Two principal components explained a total of 86.1 and 93.4% of the overall data variability. Therefore, the use of P. putida together with B. subtilis had the potential for successful management of disease complex of beetroot.

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Raising Beet Tolerance to Salinity through Bioaugmentation with Halotolerant Endophytes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1571

Author(s):

Sonia Szymańska ◽

Jarosław Tyburski ◽

Agnieszka Piernik ◽

Marcin Sikora ◽

Justyna Mazur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Salicornia Europaea ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

New Host ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Selection Of

Increasing land salinization in recent decades has led to a decrease in crop productivity worldwide. We hypothesized that bioaugmentation of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) with halotolerant endophytic bacterial strains isolated from the obligatory halophytic plant Salicornia europaea L. may mitigate salt stress in new host plants. Therefore, we investigated the effects of inoculation with Pseudomonas stutzeri ISE12 or Kushneria marisflavi CSE9 on B. vulgaris growth in substrates enriched with various NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300 mM). The results of this study indicated that bioaugmentation with either bacteria resulted in improved growth parameters and increased chlorophyll content, as well as decreased proline and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, in B. vulgaris organs. However, K. marisflavi CSE9 was more efficient in achieving salt stress mitigation than P. stutzeri ISE12. In conclusion, the range of salinity tolerance seems to be a key parameter in the selection of strains for beet inoculation. The selected halotolerant endophytes (P. stutzeri ISE12 and K. marisflavi CSE9) isolated from the roots of obligatory halophytic S. europaea may be employed for plant growth promotion, especially in saline areas, and have potential applications in sustainable agriculture.

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