scholarly journals Productivity potential of the Melba apple variety on rootstocks of different growth strengths

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
E. N. Ivanenko ◽  
T. V. Menshutina ◽  
M. G. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Productivity Potential

The article presents the results of a five-year study of the yield of the Melba apple variety on dwarf, semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (SKFNCSVV). The aim of the research is to study the influence of rootstocks of different growth strengths on the productivity potential of the Melba apple variety in the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The research revealed the influence of the rootstock genotype on the main productivity indicators: perishability, yield, frequency of fruiting, stability of productivity, marketable qualities of fruits. The early fruitfulness of the variety was most affected by the dwarf subspecies SK 3, SK 7 and semi-dwarf SK 2, on which 60–100% of the trees bloomed in the first year of growth in the garden. Among the studied combinations, the highest rates of crop growth in the Melba variety were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 and semi-dwarf SK 2, in combination with which the variety was characterized by maximum values of average (19.4–16.3 t/ha) and total yield (97.2–81.6 t/ha), with the values of these indicators on the control variants 16.0–10.6 t/ha and 80.2–53.1 t/ha respectively. Low indicators of the periodicity index were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 (15.6) and semi-dwarf rootstock: control M 26 (23.0), SK 2 (20.0), SK 5 (27.5), high index of productivity stability (0.75–0.86) – on rootstocks SK 3, SK 2 and SK 5. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields.

RESULTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN BREEDERS OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF NEW GENERATION APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
L. I. Dutova ◽  
Е. V. Ulianovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
New Generation

The experience in cooperation of breeders of different institutions in creating cultivars is shown. It is not always when the breeding institution has the necessary initial forms for selection. In this regard, there is a need to conduct separate stages of selection in different breeding institutions. For this purpose, a provision on authorship and continuity in the integrated work of several institutions in fruit breeding has been developed (Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Annex. – Orel, 1995. – pp. 492-498). Breeding work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking can serve as a positive experience of creating new apple cultivars by two institutions. As a result of the joint work of these two institutions, 22 apple cultivars have been created, of which 9 have already been included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned), including three cultivars for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia – Aleksandr Boiko, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas and six cultivars for the conditions of the North Caucasus – Vasilisa, Karmen, Margo, Orfey, Soyuz and Talisman. Brief economical and biological characteristics of these cultivars are given in this paper. The obtained practical results indicate that in some cases, when creating modern cultivars that meet the requirements of production, it is necessary to use the knowledge of breeders, the source material and equipment of different breeding institutions, and carry out separate stages of the selection process in different institutions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals Helminth biodiversity and spread peculiarities of helminthiasis of domestic artiodactyls in the Caspian Depression ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Agay Ataev ◽  
Madina Zubairova ◽  
Nadyrsultan Karsakov ◽  
Dzhamilya Kataeva ◽  
Arslan Khasaev
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Caspian Depression ◽  
Animal Grazing

The Caspian Depression is situated on the flat eastern territory of the North Caucasus. According to the soil and climatic conditions, different ecosystems are neighboring in the Caspian Depression: lowland moistened areas (up to 30% of the territories), plat steppes (more than 50%), salt marshes (up to 10%), and semi-deserts (up to 10%). The majority of the Caspian Depression territories are used for domestic animal grazing, where more than 3 million sheep, goats and up to 150 thousand heads of cattle are contained. 46 nosological units of helminthiasis agents are parasitized on domestic ruminants, including 37 species of sheep and 38 of cattle. The average temperature in winter is up to +12°С; in summer – up to +45°С (210-220 days a year). This region is characterized by year-round use of land and an increase in zootechnical standards for keeping animals per unit of pasture (up to 8 heads of sheep and 3 heads of cattle). Moreover, it has a rich variety of pathogens of helminthiasis, the similarity of most types of helminths for domestic ruminants, a high number of invasive stages in biotopes, and up to 95% of the prevalence of mixed invasions of dangerous parasitoses.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DANGEROUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-450
Author(s):  
Irina Malneva ◽  
Nina Kononova ◽  
Muhtar Hadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Operational Forecasts

The article presents an assessment of technogenic impact on the development of hazardous geological processes in the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus in the current century. Technogenic impact is determined by the stability of rock formations that make up the Krasnodar Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria, and North Ossetia relative to the impacts of other forces. It is also noted that the activity of hazardous geological processes is largely determined by the interaction of climatic conditions, which determine their speed, and technogenesis. Examples of problematic territories of the North Caucasus are given. To assess climatic changes and major catastrophes, a typology of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was developed under the leadership of B.L. Dzerdzeevsky. Typification materials from the period between 1899 and 2018 are posted in the public domain, at www.atmospheric-circulation.ru. The largest catastrophes, in which landslides and mudflows became more active, and the interaction of natural and man-made factors in these disasters are considered.Hazardous geological processes can disrupt the sustainable development of individual regions with their negative impact on the environment. The assessment of their danger is therefore of special current relevance. The article considers the possibility of predicting catastrophes associated with these processes. Long-term forecasts of landslides, mudflows and other processes continue to be important. The methodology of such forecasting was previously developed in sufficient detail. The greatest importance is assigned to operational forecasts that will make it possible to warn of possible danger hours or even days ahead.

scholarly journals Modelling the evolution of Djankuat Glacier, North Caucasus, from 1752 until 2100 CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039-4061
Author(s):  
Yoni Verhaegen ◽  
Philippe Huybrechts ◽  
Oleg Rybak ◽  
Victor V. Popovnin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Debris Cover

Abstract. We use a numerical flow line model to simulate the behaviour of the Djankuat Glacier, a World Glacier Monitoring Service reference glacier situated in the North Caucasus (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Russian Federation), in response to past, present and future climate conditions (1752–2100 CE). The model consists of a coupled ice flow–mass balance model that also takes into account the evolution of a supraglacial debris cover. After simulation of the past retreat by applying a dynamic calibration procedure, the model was forced with data for the future period under different scenarios regarding temperature, precipitation and debris input. The main results show that the glacier length and surface area have decreased by ca. 1.4 km (ca. −29.5 %) and ca. 1.6 km2 (−35.2 %) respectively between the initial state in 1752 CE and present-day conditions. Some minor stabilization and/or readvancements of the glacier have occurred, but the general trend shows an almost continuous retreat since the 1850s. Future projections using CMIP5 temperature and precipitation data exhibit a further decline of the glacier. Under constant present-day climate conditions, its length and surface area will further shrink by ca. 30 % by 2100 CE. However, even under the most extreme RCP 8.5 scenario, the glacier will not have disappeared completely by the end of the modelling period. The presence of an increasingly widespread supraglacial debris cover is shown to significantly delay glacier retreat, depending on the interaction between the prevailing climatic conditions, the debris input location, the debris mass flux magnitude and the time of release of debris sources from the surrounding topography.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water consumption structure in the North Caucasus. Part 2. Problems of water use optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Quality Water

The use of water for various human needs can be considered as an anthropogenic factor affecting water resources. The amount of water consumption is determined by the size of the population, the level of development and the state of housing and communal services, climatic conditions and other factors. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in the economy of the South and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The increase in agricultural production, especially in the southern drylands, is largely due to its reliable and high-quality water supply. A large share of the agricultural sector in the structure of water use determines that the water turnover coefficient in the region as a whole is much lower than the national one. The analysis of open sources revealed the key problems of water consumption in the region and enabled to identify specific measures for revising its structure.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of herbicides in winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. Tedeyeva ◽  
A. Abayev ◽  
V. Tedeyeva ◽  
Natalia Khokhoeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops. The object of research is two varieties of winter wheat – Trio and Utrish, which differ in maturity, susceptibility to leaf-stem pathogens. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region, in the research and production department of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops was studied, an economic assessment of the studied agricultural techniques was given. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational-methodical guide for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. As a result of the use of herbicides and their tank mixture, it contributed to a significant reduction in the number of weeds (the percentage of death in the bumping phase varied between 55.9–81.1 % compared to the control). The removal of mineral nutrition elements by weeds was: nitrogen – 72.6 kg/ha, phosphorus – 14.4 kg/ha, potassium-52.4 kg/ha. Herbicides had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity. The leaf area during its maximum development (earing phase) according to the studied variants increased by 12.7–16.4 %, and the photosynthetic potential – by 13.7–17.8 %. The PPF for the studied options (the average value for the growing season) increased by 0.34–0.51 g/m2 per day. The studied drugs contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The largest increase was obtained according to the option: Grench (5 g/ha) + Luvaram (800 ml / ha) – 2.39–2.60 t/ha. The profitability level in the control (without herbicides) was at the level of 25.7 % (grade Trio), and according to the studied options ranged from 148.7 % (Luvarum 1600 ml / ha) to 169.2 % (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 800 ml/ha).

USE OF THE APPLE GENE POOL OF NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF HORTICULTURE, VITICULTURE, WINEMAKING FOR THE BREEDING IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOUTHERN SORTIMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Y. V. Ulyanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Seed Crops

The objects of research are representatives of the genus Malus growing in the Kuban zone of the North Caucasus region. The purpose of the research is the breeding improvement of the of apple southern assortment on the basis of the development of the scientific direction “Introduction, variety study and breeding of pome crops in the North Caucasus and the creation of promising domestic varieties with improved adaptability and quality. The history of the creation and development of this scientific direction of the scientific school “Southern Horticulture” in the North Caucasus, the founder of which was Lev M. Sergeev (1886-1980. Under his leadership, the first breeding programs for seed crops (apple, pear, quince) for the North Caucasus region were developed, the priority of which was to improve the characteristics of productivity and quality characteristics of fruits; with his active participation, a network of gossortuchastok was organized in the North Caucasus and by the end of 1947 a zoned assortment of the main fruit crops of the south of Russia was formed. At present, the development of the above-mentioned scientific direction has been continued in the works of L. M. Sergeev, original studies of which are based on the use of a complex of classical and improved methods for creating and evaluating breeding material, modern achievements in molecular genetics, biochemistry, cytology, and are aimed at creating domestic varieties with improved productivity and quality of fruits, with high resistance to abiostressors and the main fungal pathogens of the North Caucasus. In recent years, the gene pool of the apple tree has been significantly updated, numbering 436 specimens of various ecological and geographical origin and ploidy, most of which are from Russia (49 %), Western European countries (18 %), and the USA (17 %). Over the years of research, scientists from North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making have created and submitted for State variety testing 81 new apple varieties, including 25 varieties created in collaboration with scientists from All- Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crops Breeding, I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center and others. 36 apple varieties obtained on the basis of the use of spontaneous and induced mutagenesis, an improved method of polyploidy, directed, repeated and geographically distant hybridization were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the North Caucasus region.

scholarly journals Mathematical model for calculating the parameters of machines for processing near-trunk strips in a terrace

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Aslan Apazhev ◽  
Artur Egozhev ◽  
Magomed Misirov ◽  
Evgeny Polishchuk ◽  
Asker Egozhev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Sloping Lands ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Complete Processing

Horticulture is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agricultural production. In recent years, in the Russian Federation, there has been an annual increase in the area for gardens, including on sloping lands, gross harvest and good yield. In the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, the most promising direction is the development of slope lands, with favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of fruit crops. The design features of the terraces impose restrictions on the operating conditions of agricultural units, among the many it is necessary to emphasize the possibility of approaching the row line for processing the near-trunk circle from only one side. Most of the horticultural businesses have mainly equipment designed for work in flat gardening conditions, which for complete processing requires the passage of the unit along each side of the row line that cannot be provided in terraces. A design technology scheme of the machine working tool is proposed, the technical result of which lies in the performance of a high-quality processing in the zone of the near-trunk circle by ensuring the bypass of rotors with cutting segments around the tree trunk, without its damaging, in one passage of the unit along the row line.

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