scholarly journals Effect of main cultivation methods in dry rainfed conditions on the amount of weed under winter wheat

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
H. M. Feyzullayev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Methods ◽  
Rotation Crop ◽  
Different Parts

Relevance. Against the background of predecessors, soil cultivation and nutritional conditions, weeding of the area under Barakatli 95 durum wheat variety was studied and the results obtained are given in the article. Thus, high weeds in the field reduce the quantity and quality of crops. One of the main factors preventing this is the application of proper cultivation methods appropriate to the region. This is one of the most important and urgent issues in agriculture.Methodology. The research was conducted in a 3-factor (2×3×3) field experiment in a short-rotation crop rotation (pea-wheat-wheat) located at the Jalilabad Regional Experimental Station in the rainfed conditions of South Mugan. The amount of weeds in the field was studied in the first decade of March and April by counting weeds per 1 m2 from different parts of the field according to the options.Results. The results of the 3-year study (average for 2019–2021) showed that the effect of predecessors, soil cultivation and nutritional conditions on the amount of weeds under winter wheat was different. Among the cultivation options, relatively high weeding soil was obtained with a heavy disc harrow at a depth of 10–12 cm in the form of 1 disc, and against the background of feeding conditions, N60P60 + 10 tons of manure on all three cultivations, and the least weeding was observed in the variant where N90P60K45 fertilizer norm was applied in 2 discs at a depth of 10–12 cm with a heavy disk trowel after the pea predecessor.

scholarly journals Ураження рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями залежно від агротехнічних заходів

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
В. М. Смірних ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Conducting Surface ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rotation Crop

У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено вплив попередників, системи удобрення і способів основного обробітку ґрунту на ураження рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями в короткоротаційних сівозмінах зони недостатнього зволоження. Найбільше уражених рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями виявилось в зернопросапній сівозміні, де попередником була сама пшениця, а також в зернопаропросапній сівозміні, де попередником був чорний пар. Найменше уражених кореневими гнилями рослин пшениці озимої (15,3–20,0 %) за найнижчої інтенсивності розвитку хвороби (5,8–7,3 %) спостерігали після кукурудзи на силос. Проведення поверхневого обробітку ґрунту на глибину 10–12 см під зернові культури, в тім числі й під пшеницю озиму, на фоні 6,25 т гною + N33,8Р45,0К33,8 + солома + гичка в просапній сівозміні після кукурудзи на силос спричинило найбільше ураження рослин пшениці кореневими гнилями (24,4 %) з підвищенням інтенсивності розвитку хвороби до величини 10,5 %. Проведення оранки під усі культури в просапній сівозміні за внесення за ротацію сівозміни з розрахунку на 1 га ріллі 6,25 т гною + N33,8Р45,0К33,8 + солома + гичка забезпечило найвищу урожайність зерна пшениці озимої – 4,39 т/га. As a result of field studies, the effect of predecessors, fertilizer systems and methods of basic tillage on the damage of winter wheat plants by root rot in short-rotation crop rotations in the zone of inadequate moisture was established. The most affected wheat plants of winter rot was found in grain sown crop rotation, where the forerunner was the wheat itself, as well as in the grain-para-breeding crop rotation, where the black pairs were the precursor. The least affected by root rot of winter wheat plants (15.3–20.0 %) at the lowest intensity of disease (5.8–7.3 %) was observed after corn silage. Conducting surface cultivation of soil at a depth of 10–12 cm under grain crops, including under winter wheat, against the background of 6.25 t of manure + N33.8R45.0K33.8 + straw + gill in the crop rotation after corn on silage caused most defeat of wheat plants by root rot (24.4 %) with an increase in the intensity of the disease to a value of 10.5 %. Providing plowing for all crops in the fertile crop rotation for rotation of crop rotation per hectare of arable land of 6.25 tons of manure + N33.8R45.0K33.8 + straw + lace ensured the highest yield of wheat of winter wheat – 4.39 tons/ha.

Potential of grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat variety to Orel Region conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Alexander Amelin ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy Chekalin ◽  
Valery Zaikin ◽  
Roman Ikusov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Productivity

PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETY GRAIN IN CONDITIONSOF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION STEPPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Маслова ◽  
Galina Maslova ◽  
Лавренникова ◽  
Olga Lavrennikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Middle Volga

The purpose of research is to increase the productivity and quality of winter wheat variety trials competitive grain varieties, depending on weather conditions. Studied varieties: Povolzhskaya 86, Kinel’skaya 8, Povolzhskaya niva, Konstantinovskaya. Varieties cultivated by traditional technology, the fresh pair. The data for the 2012-2015 biennium. Grain quality was assessed a number of indicators that characterize its physico-chemical and technological properties: nature grain, vitreous, the strength of flour, protein content, adhesive wine. The maximum value in terms of nature is characterized by grain corn all classes in 2013 and 2014 (782-816 g/l). The high rate of vitreous grains observed in 2012, 2014, 2015 (72-92%). Good data on the same data obtained for the protein content, wet gluten flour strength. It was found that the environmental conditions during the formation and ripening of grain in years of research have a significant impact on productivity and ka-honors winter wheat. The study group of varieties set up in the laboratory breeding and seed, has a rapid rate of accumulation of dry matter. They are adapted to the formation of us, full grain in the conditions of unstable arid climate of the Middle Volga region.

scholarly journals Stability of yield and miller's quality of winter wheat selected varieties' grain

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Viera Šottníková ◽  
Luděk Hřivna
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Small Plot

Within the project of small-plot field trials we cultivated 10 varieties of winter wheat in 5 different trial stations of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in years 2001–2002. The yields achieved were assessed and the miller’s quality of the grain was defined. Wheat variety Contra reached the highest yields (10.226 t.ha–1) and Niagara wheat variety reached the lowest yields (8.516 t. ha–1) where the yields were conclusively lower (LSD, 95%) compared with the group C varieties. Apache and Ebi varieties achieved the most stable yields; the least plastic variety was Banquet. We marked high variability of volume capacity (682–840 g.1–1). The highest average volume capacity was proved by Niagara variety (802 g.1–1) while the lowest was provided by Windsor (736.9 g.1–1). The elite group wheat varieties (E) and the quality varieties (Niagara, Samanta) proved conclusively higher volume capacity than the group C varieties. The highest TGW, in comparison with the rest of varieties, was achieved by Niagara variety and the lowest TGW proved by Contra. The high proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve corresponded with TGW. In average, the highest proportion of grains on 2,5 mm sieve was achieved by Niagara variety (95.21%), the lowest by Contra. Higher TGW value achieved in 2001, in comparison with 2002, positively influenced the yield of flour. The highest yield were reached by the A class flour in 2001 and the elite wheat (E) in the following year. The highest content of ashes in flour T550 was found at Windsor variety (0.61%) contrary to the most positively evaluated Samanta (0.55%).

scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition of winter wheat agrocenosis in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krivenko ◽  
◽  
N. Shushkivska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Rotation Crop

It is established that winter wheat belongs to the oldest crops and is the main food product in many countries. In Ukraine, the sown area of winter wheat is 5–6 million hectares. More than half of winter wheat grain production falls on the steppe zone. Cereal crops are damaged by insects in all growing zones, especially in the steppe zone of Ukraine. This is due to both the significant diversity of harmful species and the fact that in this area they reproduce most quickly and intensively. In addition, the lack of spring and summer precipitation exacerbates the negative significance of damage. Feeding insects on cereals causes a wide variety of damage, both in nature and in consequences for plants and crops. It is determined that one of the urgent problems of winter wheat protection is the study of patterns of dynamics of the number of major pests in modern agrobiocenoses. According to many scientists, global warming has affected the structure of entomocomplexes, as it optimizes environmental factors for the activities of insects, leads to their reproduction and spread. Harmful entomocomplex of winter wheat covers more than 360 species of insects. They damage the plants of this strategically important crop during all periods of growth. However, the species structure, level of dominance, number and harmfulness of insects are constantly varying, largely due to changes in climatic conditions associated with global warming. The article analyzes the phytosanitary status of winter wheat agrocenoses in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine during 2017–2019. The aim of the study was to determine the species composition and population density of insects in the modern entomocomplex with different technologies of growing crops in short-rotation crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The research was performed in the research field of the Odessa State Agricultural Research Station of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Observations and records were carried out in all phases of plant development during route inspections of winter wheat fields and adjacent fallows and other stations according to generally accepted methods of entomology and plant protection: mowing with entomological net, shaking of individual plants, test sites and test plants. The species composition of the detected insects was determined in the laboratory. According to the results of studies of the species composition and population density of insects in modern entomocomplexes, it was found that the vast majority of identified species – 78% belong to phytophages, 17% – to entomophages, 5% – to neutral species. Changes in the entomological complex and population levels of the phytophagous complex of the agrocenosis of winter cereals have been revealed. 46 species belonging to 19 families from 8 orders of the insect class were found in the harmful entomofauna. Significant fluctuations of entomocomplex structures in short-rotation crop rotation in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine have been established. In particular, with the use of typical zonal technologies for growing crops, which lead to the reproduction of specialized pests.

scholarly journals Periods of ammonium nitrate application during the cultivation of soft winter wheat variety Krasa Dona in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
А. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. V. Ovsyannikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The studies were carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2017-2019 on typical carbonate chernozem. Studied was the efficiency of periods of ammonium nitrate application (N30, N30+30 ) in autumn when the vegetation season is finished, in spring in the thawed soil, and during the tillering phaseon the yield and quality of winter wheat grain of Krasa Dona variety by different seed sowing rates (500, 600, 700 pcs/m2). Soft winter wheat variety Krasa Donacultivated after sunflower has shown a good reaction to double nitrogen top-dressing in autumn and in spring (N30 in autumn when the autumn growing season is finished + N30 in spring on thawed soil). In this variant there has been formed the largest yield of 6.09-6.18 t/ha. The productivity excess over the control variant (without nitrogen top-dressings) was 2.38-2.63 t/ha, depending on the seeding rate, which significantly exceeded the level of LSD05 in the experiment (LSD05 = 0.24 t/ha). In addition, in this variant with the seeding rate of 500 pcs/m2 the maximum economic efficiency was obtained. The profitability was 121.3 %, and the contingent net income was 34,268 rub/ha. The application of nitrogen fertilizing provided an increase in the mass of 1000 grains to 42.6-43.0 g (39.8-40.2 g in the control) and increased the gluten content in the grain to 20.5-21.8 % (18.6-18.8 % in the control).

THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
A.A. Tedeeva ◽  
◽  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
V.V. Tedeeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

In winter wheat crops, the fight against weeds, together with the use of mineral fertilizers, which increase the yield and quality of the crop by reducing the removal of nutrients from the soil, is an urgent production task. The purpose of the research is to develop methods for increasing the yield of winter wheat with the combined use of herbicides and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were carried out in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania in 2017–2019. The soil of the plot is chestnut calcareous. Weather conditions during the years of the research were favorable. The object of research is the high-yielding winter wheat variety Utrish. Mineral fertilizers stimulate the vital activity of soil microorganisms and enhance the cycle of biological transformation of plant nutrients, and herbicides have an inhibitory effect on cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, which ultimately reduces the rate of cellulose decomposition. Cellulose decomposed most intensively on backgrounds where mineral fertilizers were used. In control variant 3, the determination period, cellulose decomposed by 29.8%, against an average background (N60P60K60) by 40.2%, and against an increased background (N90P90K90) – 43.6%. Herbicide Grench at a dose of 10 g/ha on backgrounds without fertilizers and with fertilizers in different doses ensured the death of weeds during the growing season by 76.6 ... 89.2%. The herbicide Luvaram (1.6 l/ha) also provided high weed death – 56.4–62.6%. The application of a tank mixture (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 0.8 l/ha) reduced weed infestation of winter wheat crops by 85.3–89.2% on different backgrounds of fertilization. The highest yield and profitability in the experiment were noted in the variant of the combined use of mineral fertilizers and herbicides. The level of profitability against the background of medium doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) was 130–150%, and against an increased background (N90P90K90) – 149–169%.

scholarly journals Effect of weather conditions on the protein content and baking value of winter wheat flour

2006 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Árpád Tóth ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Average Temperature

We searched for connections between weather conditions (with its sub-parameters as precipitation and average temperature) and the yearly formation of two quality parameters (protein content and baking value) on three levels of mineral fertilization, based on the results of a variety comparison experiment on chernozem soil, to select those weather parameters and critical periods which have significant effects on the quality of winter wheat flour.We established that the protein content of winter wheat flour can be increased with increasing levels of mineral fertilizers. Protein content is lower and has higher deviation during non-fertilized conditions in different cropping years than on higher fertilization levels. Thus, it seems proved again that quality (as protein content) is mainly formed by the crop year, but can be improved with adequate agricultural engineering (with mineral fertilization in the present case). The higher sum of precipitation in May, and the lower average temperature after flowering, have the highest increasing effect on the protein content of flour of the examined parameters. Based on the results of the examined period, the rainier and warmer term than average before flowering and lower – average amount of precipitation and colder circumstances are favourable for higher baking values. The analysis with data of decades, proves the importance of the first half of May and the middle of June as especially important periods for quality formation. An increasing nutrient supply has different effects on the varieties; mineral fertilization increased the baking value of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety in almost every case, but the second level of fertilization decreased it in half of the examined years. Additionally, mineral fertilization played a role in the stabilization of the quality of highlighted varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of Cropping Year and Artificial Fertilization on Alveographic Quality of GK Öthalom Winter Wheat Variety

2005 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Árpád Tóth ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Győri Zoltán
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Artificial Fertilization

Qualification of winter wheat became more complex for Hungary, after the expansion of the EU. Use of Chopin alveograph is a general method in Western- and Southern Europe. This method is not traditional in Hungary, so determination of alveographic properties of Hungarian winter wheat varieties is very important. Artificial fertilization is one very important component of applied agricultural engineering, which effects winter wheat quality. The another factor is the weather or rather the cropping year, which effects winter wheat quality too. We examined both of them and the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety between 1996 and 2003.We found that cropping year has significant effect on the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety on each treatment of artificial fertilization. We found no connection between quantities of precipitations of vegetation periods and the W values of GK Öthalom.We found a strong connection in 1999 and 2003 as well as a very strong connection in 1996, 1997 and 2002, between the increase of fertilizer dose and W values of GK Öthalom. Treatments of artificial fertilization had a significant effect to W values of GK Öthalom in 2001 and 2002. The differences between the two methods are because of large standard deviation of the results.

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