scholarly journals The analysis of the dynamics of detection animal’s invasive diseases during veterinary expertise

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
M. S. Khimich ◽  
O. T. Piven ◽  
O. M. Gorobey ◽  
V. Z. Salata ◽  
D. V. Freiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The main direction of state policy regarding the guaranty safety and quality of animal products is the creation of conditions that are safe for human health during the production and sale of food raw materials. According to current legislation of Ukraine responsibility for the safety of food products placed on the manufacturer but government control plays an important role. This is especially true today, when almost 69.5% of meat is produced in private home farms. It is mainly sold in the agro-industrial markets. The State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety should perform the conditions of modern European regulation and base its activities on the basis of risk assessment. One of the risks are parasitosis, as their negative effect affects the health of millions of people in the world. In this cjnnection the purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the identification of invasive diseases at the stages of slaughter of animals and the sale of slaughter products. Research material was reporting on veterinary medicine (Form № 5-vet and Form № 6-vet) of a number of districts of Odessa region for 2014‒2017. It was founded that 75943 animals were slaughtered in 2014‒2017: 91.18% pigs, 8.14% cattle and 0.68% sheep. The analysis of the dynamics of slaughter, depending on its location, showed that from 41.85% to 99.81% of animals were slaughtered at courtyard. According to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter for the studied years there were no cases of diseases. It was founded that 22617 animal’s carcasses came to the agrofood markets of the regions for the years 2014‒2017, among which 89.56% were pig carcasses, 10,11% cattle carcasses and only 0.33% sheep. According to results of veterinary-sanitary examination in the conditions of SLVSE in the markets, specialists established 351 cases of diseases. In the study of pig carcasses 246 cases of diseases were detected: among them of non-communicable (45.93%) and invasive (54.07%) etiology (echinococcosis). Luring the expertise of cattle carcases was founded 96 cases of diseases: – dicroceliosis (98.96%) and exinococcosis (1.04%); during the expertise of sheep’s carcases – 9 cases of diseases – dicroceliosis (66.67%) and exinococcosis (33.33%). Considering that during the reporting period, according to the results of veterinary-sanitary control and supervision during the slaughter of animals, no cases of diseases were detected, but at the same time the number of cases of detection of invasive diseases during veterinary-sanitary examination in SLVSE on markets constantly increases risk management at the stage of slaughter can be considered not sufficiently effective. Also, the results of our research indicate that the current system for managing the safety of slaughter products is still based primarily on the study of the final product. It does not take into account all possible risks at the previous stages of production. This system can’t fully guarantee to consumer safety of products.

scholarly journals SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN MIXES IN REAL TIME MODE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yehorov ◽  
P. Golubkov ◽  
D. Putnikov ◽  
V. Honhalo ◽  
K. Habuiev
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Automatic Process Control ◽  
Channel Analysis ◽  
Multispectral Analysis ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

During the implementation of scientific research on the direction of automation of feed mills there was a significant disadvantage. The losses resulting from this shortcoming are, according to our estimates, about 1.2 billion hryvnias per year only within the framework of Ukraine. The disadvantage is connected with the current system of techno-chemical control. The presence of significant delays in the channel analysis of qualitative characteristics leads to the loss of the possibility of using the information obtained in the work of the automatic control system. The developed system of automatic samplers allows to minimize the time for obtaining actual data on the qualitative characteristics of grain mixtures directly during their processing and accordingly expands the possibilities of automation of these processes. Existing systems of analysis of grain characteristics in real time, i.e. directly during the process of processing, are quite costly, which greatly complicates the possibility of constructing an expanded system for analyzing the quality of raw materials at all stages of production. In addition, the integration of these analyzers requires the production of serial installation work on the production line, and accordingly requires for the installation of a temporary stop of production. The installation of stationary multispectral analyzers requires the presence and, accordingly, further maintenance of a full-fledged laboratory. However, the essential disadvantage in this case is the lack of relevance of the data. Thus, when using stationary multispectral analyzers, the data obtained only records the logs and in no way are used by systems of automatic process control at the enterprise. In a sublunary manner, analyzers have been tightened due to the separation of two different processes in principle, which are to be in the multispectral analysis, namely, the process of removing the multispectral sweep and analyzing the resulting scan with the aim of determining specific quality characteristics of the grain mixtures. Thus, in some devices, the sweep is taking place, and their analysis is already taking place in a single multispectral analyzer, which in turn is connected to cloud technologies.

scholarly journals Instruments to Challenge the Grant of a Patent as a Third Party: Suggestions for the Review of New Zealand's Patent System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Juliane Buchinski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Current System ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

<p>In recent decades, intellectual property law (in particular patent law) has had to face new challenges due to the accelerating development of technology. Patents can have a negative effect on a country's economy if too many invalid or overly broad patents are granted. Such patents have the potential to impose high costs on society without providing substantial benefits. If a patent regime cannot avoid the grant of such patents, or does not provide instruments to remove them from the register, the negative effect may stifle innovation instead of encouraging it. In 2008, in consideration of these problems, the government of New Zealand introduced a Patents Bill. This Bill is the culmination of the government's review process, which started in the late 1980s. The aim of the Bill is to update New Zealand's patent law in order to bring it in line with international practise and to reduce the costs to society arising from invalid and overly broad patents. The provisions of the Bill cover all principal aspects of the patent regime: standards of examination and procedures, challenges on the grant of a patent, and provisions for updating the regulatory regime for patent attorneys. This dissertation focuses on analysing how the quality of New Zealand's patents could be enhanced using the knowledge and experience of third parties. Because the current examination standards may allow the grant of overly broad patents, this dissertation analyses specifically which changes in the examination procedure could help prevent the grant of "bad" patents without overburdening the resources of the IPONZ. In the next step, the dissertation analyses third-party instruments under the current patent system and under the Patents Bill 2008, proving that neither approach by itself would be sufficient to bring about an effective patent reviewing system for New Zealand. The approach under the current system is too expensive and has the potential to delay the granting procedure, whereas the approach proposed by the Patents Bill 2008 limits the influence of third parties before the grant of a patent to such an extent that most patents may remain in the register. The overall aim of this dissertation is to suggest a new approach that includes aspects of both of the others in order to find a balanced solution and an optimal fit for the specific needs of New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of safety and mineral composition of fresh petioles of Аrctium lappa L

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 07010
Author(s):  
Olga Viktorovna Deryusheva
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quality Of Products

The range of food stuffs having a rich composition of useful substances can be greatly enhanced by using a great variety of wild plants growing in Siberia. Apart from familiar widely used wild mushrooms, berries and other wild plants a biennial herbage plant, namely, great burdock can be used. Precise requirements to safety of wild plants growing in Russia are not available in regulatory documents. This makes it much more difficult to pass the procedures of confirming the conformity of products. This also has a negative effect on the processes of harvesting, storage, processing and transportation of wild plant raw materials. The key goal of testing the quality of products is to ensure safety of food stuffs. This goal can be achieved by further study of wild plants and by establishing precise standards of safety.

scholarly journals ОБСІМЕНІННЯ САЛЬМОНЕЛАМИ ЯЛОВИЧИНИ І СВИНИНИ, ЯКІ НАДХОДЯТЬ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЮ З ПРИСАДИБНИХ І ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
V. Brodovsky ◽  
V. Kovbasenko
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Damage Processes

Today in Ukraine, nearly all the meat that comes for sale on the agro–industrial markets, produced in farms and private households, where the conditions to receive it, unfortunately, do not guarantee its sanitary quality. Meat rarely get from sick animals are not always fulfilled the requirements for slaughtering and primary processing of carcasses, storage and transportation. Such violations may result in contamination of the slaughter of microorganisms, including salmonella, in turn, contribute to the occurrence of damage processes meat and risks of occurrence of food poisoning, and therefore is a threat to consumers.According to international requirements and the state «the minimum list of research ...» microflora content in meat rationed and microbiological research of meat and meat products are required. But in a state laboratories of veterinary–sanitary expertise in markets, livestock microbiologically investigate.Given the above, we examined the degree of contamination with salmonella carcasses of cattle and pigs that come for sale on the markets of agro farms and private households, salmonella. The study was carried out of the market. Mykolaiv. Research subject carcasses that passed veterinary and sanitary examination in terms of state laboratory of veterinary–sanitary examination of the market, the results of which were accepted for implementation.The results of our studies on pig carcasses 11.1% and 9.1% of carcasses of cattle that came to the market and were made to implement, isolated salmonella Worms for serological and biochemical properties were attributed to serovariantiv S. typhimurium (25.0% ), S. enteritidis (18.7%), S. cholera suis (37.5%) and S. raratyphi (18.7%).Further studies to determine the pathogenic properties of isolated cultures found that 93.7% of them are pathogenic properties inherent in varying degrees, and 18.7% of selected crops (serovarianty S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium) found a high degree of pathogenicity.Investigation of the thermal stability of isolated cultures set high temperature resistant crops serovariantiv S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium – death at a temperature of 90 °C drew after 10 minutes.Our results indicate that under the current system status monitoring safety of meat, there is no preventive aspect, required by international standards, and meat which is sold in the markets can be a source of food poisoning and salmonellosis etiology constitute a danger for the consumer. 

scholarly journals Presence and importance of mycotoxins in pig feed

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Marcela Speranda
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Mycotoxins present a significant problem in the diet of pigs. Secondary metabolites of fungi are toxic matter that have a negative effect on health and the performance of animals, as well as on the quality of their products. The creating of mycotosins is a complex process and it is difficult to predict which toxin will be produced and in which concentration. Food is most often contaminated by low concentrations of different mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisinsi and zearalenone) which cause a series of undesired effects, depending on the amount that the animal has ingested into the organism. Mycotoxin interactions in the organism are complex, and they can have antagonistic, synergistic or a joint effect, depending on the combination and quantity in which they appear. The pig is a domestic animal which is most sensitive to the effects of mycotoxins. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins results in a decline in production, a deterioration of the general health and reproductive disorders. One of the most important negative effects in pigs which receive low doses of mycotoxins in the longterm, is immunosuppression. Mycotoxins present very stable links that remain in raw materials and animal products for a long time and thus pose a major health risk for humans. .

scholarly journals Degree of mycotoxicological contamination of feed and complete feed mixtures for pigs and poultry during the period 2007-2012. on the territory of the republic of serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dragan Milic ◽  
Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽  
Dragan Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
The Republic

The most common producers of mycotoxins are fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Toxins are of extreme importance because it can be transmitted from animals to humans through milk and animal products, some of which are carcinogenic and teratogenic. Mycotoxins cause a health disturbance of all animals, but the effects are more noticeable in highly productive animals in the farm way of keeping considering the much greater consumption of concentrate feeds, although forages also can be contaminated with mycotoxins in a significant manner. Mycotoxicoses are the most com?mon seasonal illnesses, and are an important diagnostic problem in veterinary practice, because its characteristics often resemble diseases caused by pathogens or nutritional deficiency or imbalance. The degree of health disturbances depends on the amount of toxins in feed and the length of intaking as on types and categories of animals. The presence of mycotoxins in animal feed is inevitable and therefore testing of raw materials and products is necessary so that feed for humans and animals can be safe for use. Damages arising as consequences of mycotoxicosis in poultry and swine production, due to the direct loss because of animals lossor, more commonly, indirectly due to the fall productive and reproductive performances of animals, imposed the need for continuous monitoring of the hygienic quality of feed mixtures for feeding these animals. During a five year period (2007-2012) were analyzed a total of 104 samples from the territory of Republic of Serbia intended for nutrition of all categories of poultry and mixtures for the initial and final fattening broilers (50 samples) and laying hens (54). The analysis included 57 samples of feed mixtures intended for all categories of swine - feed mixture for young (20 samples) and the old categories (37 samples) and 196 of the samples, which are commonly used in formulating rations for listed species (maize, soybean and sunflower meal). For the analysis of the samples was used thin layer chromatography and Elisa test. The results were compared with current Regulations on the quality of the feed (Official Gazette of RS 41/09) in force since 1.05.2010. in the part where the maximum allowable quantities of hazardous substances (Article 99) gives the value of the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins in animal feed. The number and types of mycotoxins vary depending on the feed, as well as on the year which can be directly related to climatic factors, and the average annual humidity. The fact that in the samples was not detected the presence of aflatoxin indicate that in our conditions toxin producing fungi do not find fertile ground for the production of toxins, as well as the absence of certain nutrients in the production of complete feed mixtures for pigs and poultry, which are the traditional sources of aflatoxin (peanut oil meals). The results are encouraging given the fact a relatively small number of defective mixtures and nutrients. However, the fact that only a limited number of feed sam?ples we received for the analysis suggests further caution and constant monitoring of the presence of mycotoxins in animal feed.

scholarly journals ВЕТЕРИНАРНО–САНІТАРНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА І ВЕТЕРИНАРНО–САНІТАРНА ОЦІНКА М’ЯСА КРОЛІВ РІЗНОВІКОВИХ ГРУП, ВИРОЩЕНИХ У ПРИВАТНОМУ СЕКТОРІ СМТ. ЄМІЛЬЧИНЕ, ЄМІЛЬЧИНСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ, ЖИТОМИРСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
V.A. Kotelevych
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Rabbit Meat

Among the global problems of today to the victims of the Chernobyl accident areas Zhytomyr region priority is safety and quality of animal products in Postchernobyl period. Safety and quality of food and raw materials is one of the key factors that ensure public health and preserve its gene pool. At the request of the Law of Ukraine. On the safety and quality of food and other regulatory legal acts, subject to the provisions of international law Codexalimentarius State Veterinary and Phytosanitary Service of Ukraine took the implementation in practice of veterinary medicine guidelines of good manufacturing and hygienic practices (GMP / GHP) «meat production», according to which «the conditions of growing animals for meat production should contribute to the production of safe and quality meat».Conducted research found that addressing diet, nutrition of the population, especially children and the elderly, as environmentally hazardous environments rabbit should take the lead. For radionuclide content in rabbit meat is very low. The specific activity of meat rabbits 4–month old was at <1.9 ± 0.47 Bq/kg for the content of 137 Cs and 3.7 ± 0.88 Bq/kg for the content of 90 Sr. In adult rabbit meat, these figures were respectively 4.8 ± 0.46 Bq/kg and 6.2 ± 1.2 (at a rate of 200 and 20 Bq/kg). In comparative perspective Meat 4–monthly Californian rabbits precocious meat breed has a high performance organoleptically–tasting than in adults. The taste, juiciness, color and flavor overall GPA was, neck and chest muscles – 4.3 points, lumbar–pelvic – 4.7 points, while the rate in adult animals was respectively 3.6 and 3.8 points. . Index zbytosti California precocious males breed in 4–months of age was 74.9%, and in two years – 86.2%. Slaughter output respectively – 49.2% and 44.2%, out of pure meat – 82.0% and 81.8%. In the carcass of rabbits that were grown in the farm, prosperous in infectious and parasitic diseases, pathological changes available. 

scholarly journals Моніторинг безпечності та якості продуктів забою свиней, отриманих в умовах Одеської області

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
M.S. Khimich ◽  
A.M. Gorobei ◽  
F.V. Kozulin ◽  
V.V. Zhekov
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Preventive Approach ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Pig Carcasses

In accordance with the modern requirements of the international control system (HACCP), it is necessary to abandon the control of the final product for the purpose of identifying shortcomings, but to proceed to the preventive approach of eliminating potential sources of danger at all stages of production. A step-by-step system for controlling the quality of livestock products, in particular meat, in the absence of modern technology of primary processing and quality veterinary and sanitary control, is complex. Therefore, to ensure the safety and quality of meat, it is necessary to improve and scientifically justify the methods of their control, bringing it closer to international requirements. The purpose of our research was to monitor the safety and quality of slaughter products for pigs obtained in the conditions of the Odessa region. The material of the research was reporting on veterinary medicine (Form No. 6-vet., Form No. 5- vet., Form No. 2a-vet.) In the districts of the Odessa region for 2014–2016, which was processed statistically. The analysis has established that for 2014–2016. In the investigated areas, only 28846 pigs were slaughtered, and 74.48% of the slaughter took place. It was found that according to the results of the pre-blast inspection and post-mortem veterinary examination of pig carcasses, 83 cases of diseases, echinococcosis, were detected during the reporting period. For the reporting years, 17103 carcasses of pigs were supplied to the agro-food markets of the study areas. Employees of laboratories for veterinary and sanitary examination in the markets conducted 65417 laboratory studies: all carcasses of pigs were examined organoleptically (including cooking breakdown), trichinoscopy and studies for phychosis and other parasitic diseases were performed; The determination of physicochemical parameters and bacterioscopy of mascara were carried out in individual cases; radiological and other studies were not conducted. During the veterinary and sanitary examination, 662 cases of diseases were detected in the laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination in the markets: 65 cases of non-communicable diseases and 597 cases of invasive diseases. And draws attention to the fact that 99.83% of the identified invasive diseases was echinococcosis. Comparative analysis of the results on the detection of cases of echinococcosis, depending on the location of Veterinary control, found significant discrepancies– after post-mortem veterinary and sanitary control, only 7.26–26.27% of cases are detected, in comparison with the results of veterinary and sanitary examination of slaughter products in laboratories for veterinary and sanitary examination In the markets. This imbalance, in our opinion, can be related to homestead slaughter and poor quality post-mortem Veterinary control during it. Summarizing the obtained results of the analysis, we can conclude that the management system for the safety and quality of slaughter products in pigs in the regions of the Odessa region at the present stage still relies on the analysis of the final product, not taking into account the preventive approach.

scholarly journals Instruments to Challenge the Grant of a Patent as a Third Party: Suggestions for the Review of New Zealand's Patent System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Juliane Buchinski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Current System ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

<p>In recent decades, intellectual property law (in particular patent law) has had to face new challenges due to the accelerating development of technology. Patents can have a negative effect on a country's economy if too many invalid or overly broad patents are granted. Such patents have the potential to impose high costs on society without providing substantial benefits. If a patent regime cannot avoid the grant of such patents, or does not provide instruments to remove them from the register, the negative effect may stifle innovation instead of encouraging it. In 2008, in consideration of these problems, the government of New Zealand introduced a Patents Bill. This Bill is the culmination of the government's review process, which started in the late 1980s. The aim of the Bill is to update New Zealand's patent law in order to bring it in line with international practise and to reduce the costs to society arising from invalid and overly broad patents. The provisions of the Bill cover all principal aspects of the patent regime: standards of examination and procedures, challenges on the grant of a patent, and provisions for updating the regulatory regime for patent attorneys. This dissertation focuses on analysing how the quality of New Zealand's patents could be enhanced using the knowledge and experience of third parties. Because the current examination standards may allow the grant of overly broad patents, this dissertation analyses specifically which changes in the examination procedure could help prevent the grant of "bad" patents without overburdening the resources of the IPONZ. In the next step, the dissertation analyses third-party instruments under the current patent system and under the Patents Bill 2008, proving that neither approach by itself would be sufficient to bring about an effective patent reviewing system for New Zealand. The approach under the current system is too expensive and has the potential to delay the granting procedure, whereas the approach proposed by the Patents Bill 2008 limits the influence of third parties before the grant of a patent to such an extent that most patents may remain in the register. The overall aim of this dissertation is to suggest a new approach that includes aspects of both of the others in order to find a balanced solution and an optimal fit for the specific needs of New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Veterinary and sanitary examination of yak slaughter products in case of invasive diseases in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Zamaratskii ◽  
Margarita Simakova ◽  
Guli Koltun ◽  
Viktoriia Podvalova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Primorsky Territory is a platform for the intensification of the livestock industry in order to provide the population with high-quality meat products. However, the introduction of new species of animals (yaks, camels, highly productive breeds of cattle) to the territory of the region contributes to the emergence and spread of invasions among them. Fascioliasis, dictyocaulosis, piroplasmidosis are natural focal parasitic diseases of animals that are widespread in the Primorsky Territory. They are detected almost every day during the veterinary and sanitary examination of animal slaughter products. Despite the absence of a threat of infection with these diseases for humans through meat and by-products, there remains a risk of deterioration in the quality of such products and the development of defects in meat raw materials, which leads to the impossibility of further sale and consumption. Yaks were brought to the Primorsky Territory in 2010 as an experiment, and in 2015, farmers actively used these animals as beef cattle, since their simplicity in keeping significantly reduced the cost of the meat production process. The conditions of keeping yaks in the Primorsky Territory contributed to their infection with parasitic diseases, the extent of the invasion of which reached 60% and more.

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