Nitrogen dose and sowing density in pea (Pisum sativum L.) crops, to obtain higher yields in Barranca [Dosis de nitrógeno y densidad de siembra del cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.), para obtener mayor rendimiento en Barranca]

The research deals with nitrogen doses and sowing densities in peas. The objective was to determine which nitrogen dose and planting density obtained the highest yield. The methodology is based on applied research; Therefore, the statistical model of the Completely Random Block Design was used, which consisted of 3 blocks and 6 treatments. The doses were applied at 17 days 1/2 N, 100% P2O5 and 100% K2O and 62 days after sowing 1/2 N, it was evaluated from sowing to harvest and the data were processed by analysis of variance of two factors and Duncan, took leaf samples for foliar analysis and determined the total amount of nitrogen used. It was determined that T5 stood out in stem length with 128.42 cm, commercial yield with 12.53 tn/ha, T4 in weight of pods with 620 g, number of pods per plant with 48, T6 in nitrogen concentration with 6.60 g/ 100 g of dry matter and T5 in the amount of nitrogen used with 154.3 kg/ha that obtained the highest yield. It is concluded that the higher dose of nitrogen and less distance that is T5 obtained higher performance exceeding by 24.52% in relation to T1.

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Effect of silicon’s doses in the cultivation of pea (Pisum sativum L.), to obtain a higher yield, district of Barranca [Efecto de dosis de silicio en el cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.), para obtener mayor rendimiento, distrito de Barranca]

Journal of Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.32829/sej.v5i2.134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

Henry Christopher Angeles ◽

José Antonio Legua Cárdenas ◽

Marco Antonio Jamanca Ramirez ◽

Miguel Angel Inga Sotelo ◽

José Yovera Saldarriaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Orthosilicic Acid ◽

Foliar Fertilization ◽

Adequate Dose ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design

The objective was to determine the adequate dose of silicon foliar fertilization, to obtain a higher yield in pea crops. Regarding the methodology, the research is applied and experimental; Therefore, the Completely Random Block Design comprised of 4 blocks and 4 treatments was used, which were: T1 = 0, T2 = 0.50 L, T3 = 0.75 L and T4 = 1 L Silicon (Sil Trade) / 200 L of water Applied in four times, it is worth mentioning the chemical ingredient of silicon is orthosilicic acid. The physical characteristics from sowing to harvest were evaluated and the silicon concentrations in leaves were analyzed by treatment. Obtained data were processed by analysis of variance and Duncan. The results determined that T4 stood out in plant height with 89.74 cm, number of pods per plant with 37, weight of pods per plant with 234.43 g, yield with 4444.4 kg/ha and silicon concentration in leaves with 1.75 g/100 g of dry material. It is concluded that there were no silicon effects; that is, it did not statistically influence the physical characteristics. However, T4 with 1 L Silicon (Sil Trade) / 200 L of water increased 8.58% of the yield in relation to T1.

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Dosis Npk Dan Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Tidak Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Juncea L.)

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v15i1.1266 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Muhammad Muaz Munauwar ◽

Sri Jaya

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Mustard Plant ◽

Two Factors ◽

Random Block ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Random Block Design

The purpose of this research is to observe the dosage of natrium, phospor and kalium fertilizer and the concentration of Atonic Growth Regulators appropriate for the growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea, L) is good, and interaction of both factors. This research was conducted in Batumbulan Asli Village, Babussalam Sub-district, Southeast Aceh Regency with its height ± 220 m above sea. This research done in December 2016-January 2017, using Random Block Design (RBD) Factorial, which consists of 2 (two) factors. The first factor is the dosage of fertilizer (N) consisting of 3 levels, N1 = 0.50 gr /plot, N2 = 1 gr/ plot and N3 = 1.5 gr / plot. The second factor is the concentration of Atonic Growth Atonic Growth Regulator (A) consisting of 3 levels, A1 = 0.50 cc / l water, A2 = 1 cc /l water and A3 = 1.5 cc /l water. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves and leaf area. The results reported that fertilizers did not significantly affect the growth, but there was a tendency where the fertilizers and growth regulator fertilizer could increase the growth of mustard plant

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DOSIS NPK DAN KONSENTRASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH TIDAK MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v15i1.686 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Muhammad Muaz Munawwar ◽

Sri Jaya

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Mustard Plant ◽

Two Factors ◽

Random Block ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Random Block Design

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Effect of planting density on green ear yield of maize cultivars bred in different periods

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362007000200005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paulo Sérgio L e Silva ◽

Severino R Duarte ◽

Fábio Henrique T de Oliveira ◽

Júlio César do V Silva

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Random Block ◽

Ear Height ◽

The Difference ◽

Random Block Design

Corn cultivation in the Northeast region of Brazil is characterized by a great diversity of production systems, ranging from large companies (modern cultivars and relatively high planting densities) to small farms (family agriculture, traditional cultivars, and low planting densities). In the present work we evaluated the effects of planting density (30; 40; 50; 60; or 70 thousand plants ha-1 - TPH) on green ear yield of cultivars Centralmex (traditional) and AG 510 (hybrid). Different densities were achieved by maintaining 1.0 m between rows and varying the spacing between pits, within the row. Cultivars and planting densities were combined in a factorial scheme, arranged in a random block design with four replicates and four 6 m long row plots. The number of green ears increased with density in both cultivars, but in a significantly more intense pace in cultivar AG 510. Cultivar AG-510 (14.9 t ha-1 on average, maximum yield at 58 TPH) yielded significantly more unhusked green ears than cultivar Centralmex (13.6 t ha-1 on average, maximum at 61 TPH). Marketable green ear yield increased with density in both cultivars, but more intensively in cultivar AG 510, which significantly out yielded cultivar Centralmex from 43 TPH ahead. The difference between cultivars at the planting density of 70 TPH was 14.4 t ha-1. There was no response of cultivar Centralmex in number of marketable husked green ears, while cultivar AG 510 increased yield with planting density. The difference between both cultivars started being significant at 38 TPH. Husked ear length decreased linearly and similarly in both cultivars as planting density increased. Planting density did not influence plant and ear height, and cultivar Centralmex was superior in both characteristics at all planting densities. There was no effect of cultivars on stalk diameter and root system biomass. Both characteristics decreased linearly as planting density increased.

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EFFECT OF ADDITION SUGAR AND CARRAGENAN ON PHYSICS, CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFT CANDY CYTRUS CALAMANSI (Citrofortunella microcarpa)

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.8.2.113-123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

Wuri Marsigit ◽

Tuti Tutuarima ◽

Ronny Hutapea

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Water Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Score ◽

Total Acid ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Two Factors ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design ◽

Range Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding sugar and carrageenan on the physical, chemical an organoleptic characteristic of soft candy cytrus calamansi, and to get the best soft candy cytrus calamansi from the combination of treatment. This study used the RAK (Group Random Block Design) with two factors, the first factors were of adding 40g, 50g, and 60g sugar, and the second factors was the addition of 10g, 13g, and 16g carrageenan. Analysis of data used anova test and further test DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the addition of sugar and carrageenan had significant effect on water content, and organoleptic soft candy of citrus calamansi, but ithere were not significant effect on ash, vitamin C, total acid content and pH. The best treatment was found in the addition of sugar 60g and carrageenan 13g , with water content of 11.08%, ash content of 2.44%, pH 2.86, vitamin C 1.06 mg, total acid 0.65%. The overall prference of panelists liked the soft candy wtih the soft canddy by adding 65 g sugar and 13 g carragenan with average score of 4.03 (level of likes ).

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Increasing selection gain and accuracy of harvest prediction models in Jatropha through genome-wide selection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93022-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adriano dos Santos ◽

Erina Vitório Rodrigues ◽

Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽

Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽

Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Block Design ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Selection Cycle ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design ◽

Number Of Individuals

AbstractGenome-wide selection (GWS) has been becoming an essential tool in the genetic breeding of long-life species, as it increases the gain per time unit. This study had a hypothesis that GWS is a tool that can decrease the breeding cycle in Jatropha. Our objective was to compare GWS with phenotypic selection in terms of accuracy and efficiency over three harvests. Models were developed throughout the harvests to evaluate their applicability in predicting genetic values in later harvests. For this purpose, 386 individuals of the breeding population obtained from crossings between 42 parents were evaluated. The population was evaluated in random block design, with six replicates over three harvests. The genetic effects of markers were predicted in the population using 811 SNP's markers with call rate = 95% and minor allele frequency (MAF) > 4%. GWS enables gains of 108 to 346% over the phenotypic selection, with a 50% reduction in the selection cycle. This technique has potential for the Jatropha breeding since it allows the accurate obtaining of GEBV and higher efficiency compared to the phenotypic selection by reducing the time necessary to complete the selection cycle. In order to apply GWS in the first harvests, a large number of individuals in the breeding population are needed. In the case of few individuals in the population, it is recommended to perform a larger number of harvests.

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Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452012000400033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 1235-1244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽

Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽

Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽

João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽

Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design ◽

The Individual ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

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Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000200005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽

Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Random Block ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Random Block Design ◽

Root Collar ◽

Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

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Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000500027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1141-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽

Rasmo Garcia ◽

Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽

Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivative ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

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Botanical and mineral composition of dominant wild forages for feeding of dairy goats in Payakumbuh Region

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012063

Author(s):

Khalil ◽

Imana Martaguri

Keyword(s):

Mineral Composition ◽

Block Design ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Random Block ◽

Field Edge ◽

Random Block Design ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract The objectives of this study were (i) to identify the diversity of forages that are usually consumed or fed to the dairy goats, (ii) to assess the mineral composition of dominant forages concerning the soil mineral status of growing areas. Eight dairy goat farms surveyed and collected forage samples to define the diversity and dominant forages used to feed the goat. Samples of three dominant forages (Asystasia gangetica, Axonopus compressus, and Panicum maximum) and soils were then collected in five different areas where the farmers usually derived the forages (banana plantation, idle lands, riverbanks, roadside, and rice field edge). Plant samples were collected by using a plate meter used for the calculation of botanical composition. Fresh samples were then chopped, dried, and then ground in meal form before analysis for dry matter (DM), and minerals of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S. The same minerals were analyzed for soil samples. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design of 5x3 consisting of 3 plant species and five growing areas as replications. Data were statistically analyzed using correlation and variance analysis in Random Block Design (RBD). Results showed of the total about 45 types of plants commonly consumed by goats, there were three dominant species, i.e., P. maximum (38.60%), A. gangetica (24.23%), and A. compressus (17.23%). The Ca content of forages highly correlated with the Ca in the soils, while magnesium in the forage was negatively correlated with the magnesium in the soil. It was concluded that the dominant forages were found a good source of Ca and Mg but deficient phosphorus.

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