scholarly journals Seed productivity of dye safflower varieties under different growing conditions in the South of Ukraine

Author(s):  
V.A. Konovalov ◽  
V.N. Konovalova ◽  
L.A. Usyk
2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vasiliev ◽  
Tamara Dergileva ◽  
Vasiliy Dergilev

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to assess the Belarusian potato varieties in terms of adaptability, ecological plasticity and stability. To establish the possibility of their cultivation in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. Research methods. The assessment of the adaptive potential of potatoes was carried out according to the classical method presented by V. A. Zykin. Results. Allocated 21 adaptive varieties suitable for cultivation in the South Urals. Analysis of ecological plasticity and stability showed that these qualities are combined in Belarusian varieties: Briz (35.7 t/ha; bi = 0.86; Si2 = 7.4), Manifest (35.4 t/ha; 0.92; 7.8), Pershatsvet (34.4 t/ha; 1.20; 29.2), Palats (33.2 t/ha; 1.08; 25.8), in domestic varieties: Spiridon (32.1 t/ha; 1.04; 0.3) and Irbitskiy (33.1 t/ha; 0.81; 23.5), as well as in the Gala variety (38.4 t/ha; 0.98; 2.2) created in Germany. Genotypes of the intensive type include the Chelyabinsk varieties: Tarasov (40.3 t/ha; bi = 1.89) and Zakhar (38.0 t/ha; 1.28), the Belarusian variety Uladar (36.8 t/ha; 1.64) and foreign varieties: Koroleva Anna (45.9 t/ha; 1.61), Zekura (35.7/ha; 1.57) and Rozara (32.0 t/ha; 1.56). A group of varieties of a neutral type was identified, which weakly responds to changes in growing conditions: Kavaler (bi = 0.33), Kashtak (0.63), Amulet (0.65) and Kuzovok (0.77) of the Chelyabinsk selection and the variety Lad (0.73) and Yanka (0.73) of the Belarusian selection. The wide distribution of foreign varieties Koroleva Anna, Rozara and Zekura in agricultural enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region is explained by their high responsiveness to intensification of production, while the Gala variety combines ecological plasticity and stability. Scientific novelty. The assessment of the adaptive potential of potato varieties created in the Republic of Belarus made it possible to identify seven adaptive varieties suitable for cultivation in the South Urals. The Uladar variety belongs to the intensive type genotypes. Varieties Briz, Manifest, Pershatsvet and Palats combine high productivity, environmental plasticity and stability. Potato varieties Yanka and Lad react poorly to changing growing conditions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. А. Ignatiev ◽  
А. А. Regidin ◽  
S S. Kravchenko

The general climate change in the south of Russia makes the development of new varieties of grain crops, including forage grasses, with high resistance and adaptability to climatic stress factors extremely necessary. The breeding process of forage plant adapted to changing environmental conditions is seen as an effective way to allow crop production to cope with unexpected possible climate changes with the least possible losses. The specific reaction of plants to environmental conditions is of particular interest when studying collection plant samples of different gen[1]otypes, as well as when choosing varieties for cultivation in specific conditions. Studying the stability and adaptability of collection samples of forage grasses can also make it possible to use them in different regions. The purpose of the current study was to estimate alfalfa samples by the parameters of ecological adaptability and stability according to the trait ‘seed productivity’. The objects of study were 30 samples of the VIR collection from the USA, Canada, France and Peru. There has been identified a large group of samples with bi < 1. These samples were important as genotypes with a weak responsiveness of seed productivity to worse conditions. They are to be used in hybrids to obtain an initial material that is adaptive according to the trait ‘seed productivity’ in stressful conditions. The smallest bi coefficient was found in the samples ‘K-42694’ (0.20), ‘K-32783’ (0.22) and ‘K-47804’ (0.29). The stability coefficient σd 2 , which reflects the correlation between the growing conditions and seed productivity of the samples through the years of study and was calculated on the basis of the theoretical productivity and the deviation of the theoretical value from the actual one, varied from 0.01 to 74.70. This range of variation indicates that the set of samples contains such samples whose stability of productivity is genetically determined and significantly exceeds the variability of the average productivity of the entire set. Estimation of differences according to stability of seed productivity, in comparison with the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’, revealed a significant difference in this trait in the samples ‘K-43272’, ‘K-50545’, ‘K-50561’.


Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrinenko ◽  
◽  
A. Н. Vlaschuk ◽  
A. S. Drobit ◽  
О. A. Vlaschuk ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
И.В. Тимошенко ◽  
Н.В. Гераськина ◽  
А.А. Рубцов ◽  
Н.Н. Степанов

В последние десятилетия требования к новым сортам и гибридам репчатого лука существенно возрастают. Современные сорта и гибриды лука репчатого должны обладать стабильными проявлениями основных хозяйственно ценных признаков при разных условиях выращивания. Приоритетное направление в селекции лука репчатого – не только селекция на продуктивность, но и на скороспелость, пригодность к транспортировке, которые включают в себя комплекс признаков (округлая форма луковицы, ее плотность, прочность прикрепления кроющих сухих чешуй). Важный признак – лежкость луковиц при хранении, для чего ведется селекционная работа на высокое содержание сухого вещества и сахарозы. Цель работы – создать новые сорта и гибриды лука репчатого для юга России с комплексом хозяйственно полезных признаков. Исследования проводили в 2015–2020 годах в открытом грунте на Бирючекутской овощной селекционной опытной станции – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенной в Ростовской области. Почвы в опытах – черноземы обыкновенные. Мощность гумусового горизонта 70 см. Содержание гумуса в пахотном слое 4,2%. Погодные условия в годы проведения опытов были типичными для климатической зоны юга России. Климат – континентальный, с безморозным периодом более 260 дней, жарким и засушливым летом и относительно короткой и теплой зимой. За годы исследований был собран разнообразный материал из разных регионов мира. Собранные сорта и гибриды оценивали по наличию ценных признаков и свойств, на их основе создавали линейный материал источников и доноров признаков, востребованных в селекционных программах. Из лучших линий сформирован банк источников и доноров наиболее важных признаков – коллекция в количестве 100 образцов. Среди изученных образцов лука репчатого были выделены генисточники ценных признаков для различных направлений селекции культуры в условиях юга России. Наиболее устойчивые к региональным стрессам генотипы включали в гибридизацию, а также на их основе создавали линейный материал. Параллельно шла сортовая и гетерозисная селекция. По результатам конкурсного испытания выделился образец GL-5 Л 40 (Титан), который был передан в Государственное сортоиспытание. In recent decades, the requirements for new varieties and hybrids have increased significantly. Modern varieties and hybrids of onion should have stable manifestations of the main economic and valuable characteristics under different growing conditions. Priority areas in the selection of onions are not only selection for productivity, but also for precocity, suitability for transportation, which include a set of characteristics (the rounded shape of the bulb, its density, the strength of attachment of the covering dry scales). An important feature is also the keeping quality of bulbs during storage, for which breeding work is conducted for a high content of dry matter and sucrose. The aim of this work is to create new varieties and hybrids of onion for the South of Russia with a complex of economically useful characteristics. The study was performed on Birutchecutskaya Vegetable Experimental Station – branch of FSBSI FSVC, located in the Rostov region in 2015–2020 in the open field. The soils in the experiments are ordinary black earth. The thickness of the humus horizon is 70 cm. The humus content in the arable layer is 4.2%. Weather conditions during the experiments were typical for the climate zone of southern Russia. The climate is continental, with a frost-free period of more than 260 days, hot and dry summers, and relatively short and warm winters. Over the years of research, various materials from different regions of the world have been collected. The collected varieties and hybrids were evaluated based on the presence of valuable traits and properties on their basis, a linear material of sources and donors of traits that are in demand in breeding programs was created. From the best lines, a bank of sources and donors of the most important features is formed – a collection of 100 samples. Among the studied onion samples, sources of valuable traits for various areas of culture selection in the South of Russia were identified. The most resistant genotypes to regional stresses were included in hybridization, and linear material was created on their basis. In parallel, there was varietal and heterosis selection. According to the results of the competitive test, a sample of GL-5 L 40 (Titan) was produced, which was transferred to the State variety testing.


Author(s):  
N.I. KASATKINA ◽  
◽  
ZH.S. NELYUBINA ◽  
I.SH. FATYKHOV

Seed productivity of perennial leguminous grasses is subject to sharp fluctuations due to their biological characteristics, different reactions to changes in growing conditions, and meteorological factors over the growing season. In this case, the productive longevity of herbs is of great importance. The research aims to analyze the seed productivity and the duration of using the grassstand of perennial legume grasses in the meteorological conditions of the Middle Pre-Urals. The analysis of seed yield, energy, and economic efficiency of long-term use of perennial leguminous grasses was carried out based on a result of studies laid down in the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture of the UdmFRC of the UB RAS in 1996–2005 with the eastern Galega variety Gale, in 2011–2015 – with varieties of red clover and variegated alfalfa, in 2011–2016 – with birds-foot trefoil variety Solnyshko. The research found that red clover sowing is best used for seeds for one year. In the first year of use, the yield of double-cut clover varieties was 146 kg/ha, of single-cut varieties – 138 kg/ha. In the second year of using the grass stand, the yield significantly decreased to 37 and 39 kg/ha. The yield of 162 kg/ha at the standard level was formed by the twocut clover variety Dymkovsky. Crops of variegated alfalfa can be used for seeds for two years. Seed productivity of variegated alfalfa varieties in the 1st year of use was 204 kg/ha, in the 2nd year of use – 260 kg/ha. Alfalfa of the Guzel variety formed a significantly high seed yield of 251 kg/ha. The recommended duration of the use of the birds-foot trefoil grass-stand is two to three years. In the 1st and 2nd years of use of the grass stand, the yield of the seeds was relatively high, 215–378 and 213–349 kg/ha, respectively. By the 3rd year of use, it decreased to 89–161 kg/ha. The old-age grass stand of the 4th year of use did not form seeds. Sowing the birds-foot trefoil without a cover or under cover of spring wheat by the usual row method with a seeding rate of 8–9 million units/ha showed the highest seed yield of 255–270 kg/ha. The duration of the use of the eastern Galega grass-stand is up to 10 years or more. The highest yield of Galega seeds of 510 kg/ha was obtained during the harvesting of grass in the first year of use for feed, in the second – fifth year of use – for seeds, from the 6th year of use – for feed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00056
Author(s):  
Irina Khussainova ◽  
Galina Zueva

The article presents the seed productivity of five cultivars of Poa pratensis L. for lawn purposes and three wild-growing specimens of Poa pratensis L. and Poa angustifolia L. from natural populations in the south-east of Kazakhstan and in the south-west of Siberia, summarized over three years. The onset of the main phenological phases was determined, taking into account the weather conditions of the region where the experiment was held, and a comparative analysis between the samples was carried out. The correlation connection between three signs of the reproductive sphere and their consistency with weather conditions was researched. For all varieties, a significant conjunction was revealed between the number and weight of seeds per spike, a considerable variation in the coefficient of seed production over the years. The best indicators of seed productivity were noted in the plant variety ‘Novosibirskiy’ and wild forms ‘C-2’ and ‘D1-78’ in Western Siberia, in the plant variety ‘Balin’ and wild specimen ‘K-0027’ in Kazakhstan. The influence of environmental conditions on the organogenic process of P. pratensis was revealed. Additional moisture contributes to the manifestation of the potential capability for seed reproduction of the researched samples of P. pratensis.


2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
A. A. Regidin

The estimation of the initial material is the most important part of the breeding process. There is a great necessity in additional objectivity of its characteristics, in identification of the parameters of environmental adaptability, stability, resistance to stressful environmental conditions. Within the collection nursery there have been studied adaptability parameters of 16 sainfoin samples (Onobrychis arenaria Kit. DC) of a sandy species. The purpose of research was to identify sainfoin forms with a complex of adaptive traits based on such characteristics as “green mass productivity” and “seed productivity” to use them in future breeding work. There have been used conventional techniques in the study. The estimation of the adaptability parameters was carried out according to Eberhart S.G., Russell W.G. (1966) presented by V.A. Zykina et al. (2005) and by V.Z. Pakudin (1984). The conducted dispersion analysis of the two-factor trial on the productivity of sainfoin samples showed the correlation between the genotype and the environment. The change in green mass and seed productivity was greatly influenced by the factor ‘year’ (‘environment’) (51% and 58%, respectively). The influence of the factor ‘variety’ (‘sample’) was less (40.7% and 35.5%), the correlation of these factors was also reliable, the interaction variance exceeded the error value and was 65% and 79%. The estimation of sainfoin samples for the presence of adaptive properties revealed that almost all the studied samples had at least one adaptive parameter. But, the sainfoin samples that have several or a set of calculated adaptive properties are obviously more valuable for the use in the breeding process. When cultivating for green mass and seeds, the samples ‘S 5/05’ and ‘GIA 4’ had a high level of resistance to stressful growing conditions (Umin-Umax), a high level of environmental adaptability (bi) and stability (Si2 ), and the samples ‘GIA 2’ and ‘GIA 11’ have these parameters only if they are cultivated for green mass. The variety ‘Severokavkazsky Dvuukosny’ is characterized with high resistance to stressful growing conditions (Umin-Umax) and genetic flexibility ((Umin + Umax) / 2), with a high level of ecological adaptability (bi) and homeostatism (HOM).


Author(s):  
D.S. Sattarov ◽  
◽  
Sh.S. Murodov ◽  

This article presents the results of studying the plant introduction and the possibility of cultivation of Persian shallot – Allium stipitatum Regel. This plant is popularly used in pickled and salt form for the preparation of various salads, because of which it is classified as an endangered species and is listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tajikistan. Studies on the seed productivity of domesticated Persian shallot were carried out in 2017- 2019 on the territory of experimental plots of the National Republican Center of the Genetic Resources of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Gissar Valley), which is located in the northern part of Rudaki district at an altitude of 730 m above sea level. It was established that the average number of fruits is 250 ± 15.7 pcs; the number of fruit set is 210 pcs; the total number of seeds is 809 pcs per fruit. When compared with the natural growing conditions (Gajne area), it turned out that the seed productivity of Persian shallot under natural conditions is averagely 16.7% - 24.5% higher than in the Rudaki district (Gissar Valley). As a result of the studies, it was found that it is necessary to choose areas with natural protection from sunlight (protective forest belts or stool beds) to create more favorable conditions in the first years of adaptation of Persian shallot in the Rudaki district.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document