Promising selection of onions in the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
И.В. Тимошенко ◽  
Н.В. Гераськина ◽  
А.А. Рубцов ◽  
Н.Н. Степанов

В последние десятилетия требования к новым сортам и гибридам репчатого лука существенно возрастают. Современные сорта и гибриды лука репчатого должны обладать стабильными проявлениями основных хозяйственно ценных признаков при разных условиях выращивания. Приоритетное направление в селекции лука репчатого – не только селекция на продуктивность, но и на скороспелость, пригодность к транспортировке, которые включают в себя комплекс признаков (округлая форма луковицы, ее плотность, прочность прикрепления кроющих сухих чешуй). Важный признак – лежкость луковиц при хранении, для чего ведется селекционная работа на высокое содержание сухого вещества и сахарозы. Цель работы – создать новые сорта и гибриды лука репчатого для юга России с комплексом хозяйственно полезных признаков. Исследования проводили в 2015–2020 годах в открытом грунте на Бирючекутской овощной селекционной опытной станции – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенной в Ростовской области. Почвы в опытах – черноземы обыкновенные. Мощность гумусового горизонта 70 см. Содержание гумуса в пахотном слое 4,2%. Погодные условия в годы проведения опытов были типичными для климатической зоны юга России. Климат – континентальный, с безморозным периодом более 260 дней, жарким и засушливым летом и относительно короткой и теплой зимой. За годы исследований был собран разнообразный материал из разных регионов мира. Собранные сорта и гибриды оценивали по наличию ценных признаков и свойств, на их основе создавали линейный материал источников и доноров признаков, востребованных в селекционных программах. Из лучших линий сформирован банк источников и доноров наиболее важных признаков – коллекция в количестве 100 образцов. Среди изученных образцов лука репчатого были выделены генисточники ценных признаков для различных направлений селекции культуры в условиях юга России. Наиболее устойчивые к региональным стрессам генотипы включали в гибридизацию, а также на их основе создавали линейный материал. Параллельно шла сортовая и гетерозисная селекция. По результатам конкурсного испытания выделился образец GL-5 Л 40 (Титан), который был передан в Государственное сортоиспытание. In recent decades, the requirements for new varieties and hybrids have increased significantly. Modern varieties and hybrids of onion should have stable manifestations of the main economic and valuable characteristics under different growing conditions. Priority areas in the selection of onions are not only selection for productivity, but also for precocity, suitability for transportation, which include a set of characteristics (the rounded shape of the bulb, its density, the strength of attachment of the covering dry scales). An important feature is also the keeping quality of bulbs during storage, for which breeding work is conducted for a high content of dry matter and sucrose. The aim of this work is to create new varieties and hybrids of onion for the South of Russia with a complex of economically useful characteristics. The study was performed on Birutchecutskaya Vegetable Experimental Station – branch of FSBSI FSVC, located in the Rostov region in 2015–2020 in the open field. The soils in the experiments are ordinary black earth. The thickness of the humus horizon is 70 cm. The humus content in the arable layer is 4.2%. Weather conditions during the experiments were typical for the climate zone of southern Russia. The climate is continental, with a frost-free period of more than 260 days, hot and dry summers, and relatively short and warm winters. Over the years of research, various materials from different regions of the world have been collected. The collected varieties and hybrids were evaluated based on the presence of valuable traits and properties on their basis, a linear material of sources and donors of traits that are in demand in breeding programs was created. From the best lines, a bank of sources and donors of the most important features is formed – a collection of 100 samples. Among the studied onion samples, sources of valuable traits for various areas of culture selection in the South of Russia were identified. The most resistant genotypes to regional stresses were included in hybridization, and linear material was created on their basis. In parallel, there was varietal and heterosis selection. According to the results of the competitive test, a sample of GL-5 L 40 (Titan) was produced, which was transferred to the State variety testing.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-705
Author(s):  
V. V. Leontieva

The article presents the results of breeding work for the creation of new high-yielding varieties of bitter-aromatic hops with a high content of alpha-acids carried out in 2004-2020 in the Chuvash Republic on gray forest soils. The work was done by individual clonal selection of the best hop plants from the collection nursery. Seven high-yielding breeding numbers with a high alpha-acid content were selected from the collection nursery. After passing through all the stages of study in each of the appropriate nurseries from seven numbers, two clones were selected to create new varieties. Data were obtained on the parameters of the initial clonal breeding material, depending on weather conditions and the age of plantings. The selected clones (1-17 bitter-aromatic type and 6-26 bitter type) correspond to the specified indicators: collection of raw hops is not less than 4.0 kg from a bush, the duration of the growing period is 100-120 days, the content of alpha acids is not less than 5.0 %. Documentation on clone 1-17 was sent to the State Variety Commission for registration of a new variety Salampi. The variety is characterized by stable performance and quality indicators. The productivity of the variety is 30.0 c/ha (4.0 kg/bush) with a content of alphaacids of 9.3 %. The Podvyazny standard variety has 26.4 c/ha (3.5 kg/bush), the content of alpha-acids is 8.8 %. Testing of clone 6-26 will be continued to obtain complete and objective data.


Author(s):  
L. N. Mironova

The aim was to obtain Japanese iris varieties with different flowering periods, original colour of flowers, good corrugation of petals and greater resistance to various adverse environmental factors in the south of Primorsky Krai, Russia. New varieties were created by spontaneous and directed hybridization of geographically distant varieties, selection of adaptability donors and involvement of radiation mutagenesis in the breeding process. Intervarietal hybrids were characterised by intermediate inheritance of colour and flower shape, generative and vegetative productivity, plant height and flowering time. The inclusion of hybrid forms in the breeding process allowed the variety of flower colour and shape, flowering time and generative productivity to be expanded in the F2 generation. Promising interhybrid forms with biological characteristics that determine the possibility of their cultivation under the extreme conditions of the subregion were selected. A hybrid fund was created: over 135 adapted genotypes and 14 varieties. On the basis of the long-term experimental research, the expediency and necessity of breeding work with Japanese irises under the conditions of the subregion was established.


2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Grigory Zelensky ◽  
Elena Dubina ◽  
Maxim Ladatko ◽  
Olga Zelenskaya

Rice has become widespread in world agriculture due to its high adaptation to growing conditions and the selection of many different types of varieties. The creation of new varieties of rice in Russia has been carried out using the methods of complex multistage hybridization and marker selection with close cooperation of breeders and biotechnologists. The result of this work is a mid-season variety Utyos that combines high yields with resistance to blast, the main fungal disease of rice that affects leaves, stems and panicles of the plant. The late-ripening rice variety IR-36, which has complex resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses, was used as a donor. Variety Utyos was created by selecting an elite plant from the F2 BC4 Flagship / IR-36 population, with repeated selection and verification by offspring. Starting from the first backcrossing, marker control was carried out for the presence of transferred donor alleles in the hybrid offspring. In parallel, phytopathological control was carried out against an infectious background. In 2019, in environmental tests, Utyos formed the maximum grain yield of 11.95 t / ha with winter wheat as the predecessor. At the same time, the variety showed high resistance to blast.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Yu. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  

Aim. The search of adaptive response peculiarities to adverse environmental factors is an important condition of development of varietal technologies and control of adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties. Methods. The studies were carried out in accordance with the field test methodology. The wheat varieties of different types of growing, different genetic and ecological origins were studied. Results. In our studies, plasticity index (bi) of most winter wheat varieties was close to one and higher under various growing conditions. The yield advantage of a number of varieties was mainly in favourable weather conditions, and in unfavourable conditions yields were low. Varieties that are more resistant to stressful conditions (Askaniis`ka, Kuialnyk, Klarisa, Driada) were characterised by relatively low response to changes of growing conditions, their regression factor was less than one and kept reducing, their resistance to unfavourable conditions were increased. Conclusions. If severe stress limits in environmental conditions are expected, it is necessary to grow and use the winter wheat varieties with increased stability of yielding capacity in selection (Khersonska bezosta, Khersonska 99, Znakhidka odes`ka, Askaniis`ka, Klarisa (facultative). Keywords: winter wheat, plasticity, stability, yielding capacity.


2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Malueva ◽  
I. N. Bocherova

Relevance. A priority in the selection of watermelon is the creation of new competitive varieties that combine resistance to adverse stressors, high yield and excellent fruit quality. The purpose of this study is to show the influence of weather conditions on the growing season, yield and quality of watermelon fruits and the influence of growing conditions on the growth and development of watermelon plants.Materials and methods. The study used 5 varieties of watermelon included in the State Register and 2 new varieties, ready for transfer to the State Variety Test. During the research, all observations and counts were carried out in accordance with the State Variety Testing Methodology and the Field Experience Methodology.Results. In the process of research, it was found that the length of the growing season largely depends on the amount of precipitation and the sum of active temperatures, as well as on their distribution in interphase periods. It was noted that in the year with the highest rainfall, the growing season was the longest. Productivity for the analyzed period varies from 14.2 t / ha to 20.7 t / ha in the early group, from 19.4 t / ha to 24.9 t / ha in the average. The highest yields were recorded in 2017 with the least rainfall. Growing conditions had a significant impact on the quality of watermelon fruit: the solids content ranged from 9.4% to 12.8%, total sugar - from 7.70% to 11.35%.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Ryakhovskaya ◽  
T.P. Sherstyukova ◽  
M.L. Gamolina

Рассмотрены агроклиматические условия Камчатского края и лимитирующие факторы, сдерживающие рост урожайности картофеля. Приведены характеристики новых сортов картофеля селекции Камчатского НИИСХ созданных в соответствии с приоритетными для региона направлениями селекции, включенных в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ и охраняемых патентами.Agroclimatic conditions of the Kamchatka Krai and limiting factors that restrain the growth of potato yield are considered. The characteristics of new varieties of potatoes of the selection of the Kamchatsky RIA are created in accordance with the priority for the region selection areas included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation and protected by patents.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
А.В. Семенютина ◽  
С.Е. Лазарев ◽  
К.А. Мельник

Представители родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) относятся к экономически важным и перспективным, для деградированных ландшафтов засушливого региона, видам растений. Несмотря на это до последнего времени отсутствуют сведения по многим видам этих родовых комплексов, связанные с вопросами экологических основ семеноведения и их репродуктивной способности в условиях светлокаштановых почв Волгоградской области. Все это направлено на выявление и расширение перспективных ареалов культивирования для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов. Цель исследований изучение репродуктивной способности представителей родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) в коллекциях ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН и выявление особенностей их селекционного семеноведения для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов в сухостепных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись виды и формы рода Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana х pseudoacacia, и Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), произрастающие в кластерных участках коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, кадастр 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. Разработка основ селекционного семеноведения базируется на изучении репродуктивных особенностей выделенных для целевого использования собственных биоресурсов с учетом возможностей всестороннего изучения генеративных качеств и оценки биологического потенциала. Выявлено, что стабильность плодоношения фиксируется через несколько лет после вступления в генеративную фазу: у Robinia и Gleditsia 67 лет. Первое цветение у Gleditsia triacanthos и G. texana, G. aquatica наблюдалось в возрасте 5 лет, G. japonica 6, G. caspica и G. sinensis 8 лет. Завязываемость плодов зависит не только от возраста растения, но и от погодных условий во время цветения. На семенную продуктивность влияет количество выпавших осадков и сумма активных температур в период созревания плодов. Формирование более крупных плодов и семян наблюдается в возрасте до 15 лет. В результате исследований (20172019 гг.) выявлено влияние лимитирующих факторов на биологический потенциал цветения, плодоношения и семенную продуктивность для определения ареалов их культивирования. Representatives of generic systems Robinia, Gleditsia are economically important and promising for degraded arid landscapes of the region, types of plants. Despite this, until recently, there is no information on many types of these generic complexes related to the environmental foundations of seed and their reproductive capacity in light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. All this is aimed at identifying and expanding promising areas of cultivation for forest reclamation and greening of settlements. The aim of the research is to study the reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes Robinia, Gleditsia in the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences and the identifying features of their selection of seed for forest reclamation and landscaping of settlements in the dry steppe conditions. The objects of research were species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana x pseudoacacia and Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), growing in the cluster areas of collections of FSC Agroecology RAS, cadastre 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The development of the principles of seed breeding is based on the study of reproductive characteristics of the allocated for the targeted use of their own bioresources, taking into account the possibilities of a comprehensive study of generative qualities and assessment of biological potential. It was found that the stability of fruiting is fixed a few years after entering the generative phase: Robinia and Gleditsia 67 years. The first flowering in Gleditsia triacanthos and G. texana, G. aquatica was observed at the age of 5 years, G. japonica 6, G. caspica and G. sinensis 8 years. Fruit setability depends not only on the age of the plant, but also on weather conditions during flowering. Seed productivity is affected by the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures during the ripening period. The formation of larger fruits and seeds is observed in the age of 15 years. As a result of studies (20172019), the influence of limiting factors on the biological potential of flowering, fruiting and seed production to determine the areas of their cultivation was revealed.


Author(s):  
V.N. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ivanov ◽  
O.N. Lyubtseva

Based on the analysis of data available in the literature and our own experimental material on phytocenotic selection of the stony stalk (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) the important role of competition between plants in the field for the creation of new varieties of perennial grasses that provide high yields of feed polyvid agrophytocenoses is shown.


Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan

The Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops has the citrus germplasm collection, in total over 150 genotypes of various origins including 30 wild and semi-wild relatives. As a result of controlled hybridization in 17 crossings combinations of with the participation of relatives of citrus plants, new 769 hybrid offspring were obtained, which combine the traits of both the maternal and paternal genotypes. Analyzing the populations, promising combinations were highlighted: C. reticulata × Fortunella margarita (47.1%); C. x natsudaidai × 3252 (42.1%) and C. reticulata × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ (40.9%) to create the gene pool of distant hybrids. From the mentioned combinations of crossings the greatest percent of seedlings which phenotypes tend to cultivated varieties was received. This hybrid material is a valuable source for isolating forms that are resistant to extreme environmental factors. According to phenotypic characteristics, hybrids were divided into three categories: I – Cultural, II – Semi-wild and III – Wild. Of the first category, the largest number 87 prospective forms were selected, and can be of interest for further breeding. As a result of the study of interspecific hybrid seedlings, 137 promising forms have been identified, which are carriers the complex traits such as dwarfism, thornless, early maturity and increased winter hardiness. From this set 17 genotypes were selected, which received the status of an elite forms, which successfully pass the primary test, and will be also useful in further breeding work for creating sources with a complex of positive traits and on breeding new varieties of citrus crops resistant to growing conditions.


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