scholarly journals Refugee Camps: Fieldwork Strategies on the Bangladesh-Myanmar Border

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Camps ◽  
The Government ◽  
Female Researcher

The Rohingya refugees have been living in Bangladesh for over two decades. Temporary encampment turned out to be a permanent situation for many of them living in registered and unregistered refugee camps. The government of Bangladesh prohibits visitors’ access in those camps without prior official permission. The bureaucratic hurdles for securing permission for a non-party individual to the refugee issue were lengthy, conspicuous, difficult, uncertain and risky, and involves going through layers of administration located in different places. This paper draws fieldwork experiences among registered and unregistered refugees from the Bangladesh side of the border. It shed some light on practicalities and sensitivities in the field and the challenges faced by a female researcher in a fieldwork setting in this remote borderland. It suggests various strategies and negotiations that granted access to various communities.

scholarly journals The Temporary Safe Haven- An Australian Perspective

Refuge ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Jackie King
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
The Government

Australia's decision to provide temporary safe haven protection to 4000 Kosovars in response to the UNHCR request for assistance in their humanitarian evacuation from refugee camps in surrounding countries, required quick action by the government to provide for an unprecedented legislative and service delivery framework. This paper looks at the notion of temporary protection, both in international and specifically Australian context, before describing and assessing the legislative and service delivery mechanisms that facilitated Australia's response. This paper concludes that the risk of selective intepretation of the legislation and the denial of democratic rights to the subjects of legislation, and the less than adequate service delivery to the Kosovars, and the arguable breach of its international obligations, suggests that Australia will have to think twice before engaging in such a mechanism in the future.

scholarly journals Biopolitics, borders, and refugee camps: exercising sovereign power over nonmembers of the state†

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Zeveleva
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
The Government ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the relationship between the concepts of national identity and biopolitics by examining a border-transit camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers in Germany. Current studies of detention spaces for migrants have drawn heavily on Agamben's reflection on the “camp” and “homo sacer,” where the camp is analyzed as a space in a permanent state of exception, in which the government exercises sovereign power over the refugee as the ultimate biopolitical subject. But what groups of people can end up at a camp, and does the government treat all groups in the same way? This article examines the German camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers as a space where the state's borders are demarcated and controlled through practices of bureaucratic and narrative differentiation among various groups of people. The author uses the concept of detention space to draw a theoretical link between national identity and biopolitics, and demonstrates how the sovereign's practices of control and differentiation at the camp construct German national identity through defining “nonmembers” of the state. The study draws on ethnographic fieldwork at the Friedland border transit camp and on a discourse analysis of texts produced at the camp or for the camp.

Refugee special economic zones

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Lotta Moberg ◽  
Sebastian Reil
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Host Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Zones

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how special economic zones (SEZs) can be applied to refugee camps. Zones are powerful tools for investors to act like institutional entrepreneurs, who promote institutional reform by pursuing exemptions from government constraints and taxes or by advocating for reform. Refugee SEZs (R-SEZs) would similarly allow for institutional entrepreneurs to promote broader immigration reform. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a political economy framework to R-SEZs that explores the factors that make them feasible. A mathematical model is applied to explicitly define the conditions under which the zones could succeed in benefiting refugees, investors and the host economy alike. Findings Under certain conditions, appropriate tax rates can be applied to R-SEZs that make them feasible. Feasibility is determined by being beneficial for the host country while also attracting investors. The zones are feasible if they attract enough foreign investors as opposed to domestic investors. Other factors contributing to zone success are higher wages outside the zone, lower wages inside it, higher cost to the government of non-employed refugees, lower relocation cost for businesses and a higher tax rate outside the zone. Practical implications This policy would aim to provide job opportunities to refugees, profit opportunities to investors and lower net costs for the host government. R-SEZs should be considered by policy makers in countries hosting refugee camps. Just like the old model of SEZs, they can benefit workers while also enhancing the government’s budget. Social implications R-SEZs have the potential to alleviate the refugee crisis the world is facing, which is arguably one of the largest social challenges of our time. Originality/value This paper is the first to outline the political economy conditions for SEZs applied to refugee camps.

Islamist influence will grow in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Rights ◽  
General Election ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
The Government

Significance The government promised severe action against the perpetrators, many of whom support hard-line Islamist parties and pressure groups. Although the attacks attracted widespread external condemnation, majority-Hindu India, which is keen to strengthen ties with Dhaka, was quick to acknowledge the efforts made by the Bangladeshi authorities to establish control over the situation. Impacts An uptick in attacks on Bangladesh’s Hindus would increase anti-Muslim sentiment among the Indian public. The Taliban takeover in Afghanistan will embolden radical groups active in Rohingya refugee camps as well as many Bangladeshi hardliners. Minority rights will be a source of debate in the lead-up to the next general election, due in 2023.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh: Uncertainty and How the Government Took Over the Situation

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Md. Kamrujjaman ◽  
Md. Shahriar Mahmud ◽  
Shakil Ahmed ◽  
Md. Omar Qayum ◽  
Mohammad Morshad Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fitting Model

Background: Bangladesh hosts more than 800,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The low health immunity, lifestyle, access to good healthcare services, and social-security cause this population to be at risk of far more direct effects of COVID-19 than the host population. Therefore, evidence-based forecasting of the COVID-19 burden is vital in this regard. In this study, we aimed to forecast the COVID-19 obligation among the Rohingya refugees of Bangladesh to keep up with the disease outbreak’s pace, health needs, and disaster preparedness. Methodology and Findings: To estimate the possible consequences of COVID-19 in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh, we used a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) transmission model. All of the values of different parameters used in this model were from the Bangladesh Government’s database and the relevant emerging literature. We addressed two different scenarios, i.e., the best-fitting model and the good-fitting model with unique consequences of COVID-19. Our best fitting model suggests that there will be reasonable control over the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. At the end of December 2020, there will be only 169 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Rohingya refugee camps. The average basic reproduction number (R0) has been estimated to be 0.7563. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that, due to the extensive precautions from the Bangladesh government and other humanitarian organizations, the coronavirus disease will be under control if the maintenance continues like this. However, detailed and pragmatic preparedness should be adopted for the worst scenario.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting Pada Aplikasi Rekomendasi Tempat Pengungsian Akibat Bencana Banjir

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Angga Try Ramdany ◽  
Eko Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Design System ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
The People ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Analysis System

BBWS Cimanuk-Cisanggarung is a technical implementation unit at the Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Pekerjaan Umum and Perumahan Rakyat which has the task of carrying out water resources management in the river area. As for the background of this study is the difficulty of river field officers to notify the announcement to the people who will be affected by the flood due to overflowing rivers, because the announcement is still a simple medium that is using sirens and hoaxes or electric poles. Geotagging technology and Fire Cloud Messaging Technology (FCM) is one of the ways to help field officers make public announcements through smartphone media, namely notifications that include river photos and locations. The difficulty of the people who are close to the Cimanuk-Cisanggarung watershed to get information about evacuation places before the flood occurs, because many people choose a place of refuge with their own choice. This is what makes the government more extra to provide assistance to unknown refugee camps. Google Maps technology can help people get to refugee camps recommended by the government. This research method consists of identifying problems, methods of data collection, system analysis, system design, system implementation, testing, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that river field staff and the community can be used as a notification of the river that will overflow and provide information on the place of refuge.

COVID-19 puts pressure on South Sudanese refugees

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sudanese Refugees

Subject The situation of South Sudanese refugees in Uganda. Significance When South Sudan’s warring parties signed a peace agreement in September 2018, there was hope that some of the country’s 4.5 million displaced people might begin to return home. Almost two years on, 4.3 million remain displaced. However, for communities such as the South Sudanese refugees in northern Uganda, the COVID-19 crisis is creating new sets of pressures, which could prompt new returns, albeit in undesirable circumstances. Impacts Uganda and South Sudan both face a rising risk of new desert locust infestations, which could further exacerbate food insecurity. COVID-19 restrictions have left many refugee camps with major staffing shortages, which will further impact on service delivery. COVID-19 in crowded UN protection of civilians sites will increase pressures from the government and UN for residents to return home.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status Changes of the Host Communities after the Rohingya Refugee Influx in the Southern Coastal Area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4240
Author(s):  
S M Asik Ullah ◽  
Kazuo Asahiro ◽  
Masao Moriyama ◽  
Masakazu Tani
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Local Host ◽  
The Government ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Refugee Issues ◽  
Coastal District

The refugee influx from Myanmar, known as Rohingya refugees, is a serious concern for global refugee issues. Bangladesh currently hosts one million Rohingya refugees in the coastal district of Cox’s Bazar. Considering the number of the refugees, in addition to the humanitarian concerns, they are also creating pressure on the local host communities. This study explored the socioeconomic changes of the host communities after the refugee influx. In order to fulfill this study’s objectives, 35 villages near the Rohingya refugee camps from the coastal district of Bangladesh were surveyed. In the villages, 10% of households were surveyed in 2016 and also in 2020, covering 1924 and 2265 households, respectively. A temporal comparison of the host community’s socioeconomic status between 2016 and 2020 was conducted in order to determine the changes after the recent refugee influx. This study found that the local community’s socioeconomic status degraded. The annual income decreased by 24%, which is unusual for a country with over 6% gross domestic product (GDP) growth in recent times. The income decreased from all livelihood options except farming, which could be related to the availability of cheap labor and the high demand for commodities. The villages were clustered using k-means, and 20 villages were found to be affected after the refugee influx with degraded socioeconomic status. The host community’s general perception was initially positive, but later turned negative toward the refugees. This study will be important for the government and donor agencies to develop strategies to properly manage the refugee camps and adjacent host communities.

scholarly journals The Fear of Camp Life: Understand the Spatial Reality and Formation of Discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydip Dutta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatial Boundary ◽  
The Government ◽  
Camp Life ◽  
Situational Condition

The paper makes an existentialist analysis of refugee Camps in West Bengal that came into being after the Indian Partition in 1947 when the state received a large number of asylum seekers from the-then East Pakistan. The objective of the paper is to discuss the construction of Camp life in terms of the affect of fear. Camps have been largely interpreted as the active agents of rehabilitation, space of political movements or supplier of informal labourers. The principal enquiry here however would be to interrogate if the camp is home for the refugees or it has a separate existential reality in the face of fear which goes beyond the questions of rehabilitation. Borrowed from Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time (1927) the concept of fear in this paper does not indicate any specific character or definite future. Rather, fear unfolds as an ‘affect’. In West Bengal, construction of the Camp by the government was presupposed for rehabilitation of the refugees from East Pakistan (Bangladesh). Hence, in-itself a Refugee Camp functioned to control the population by its norms, rules, and regulations. On the other hand, it was constructed as temporary shelter for the refugees. Therefore, the temporal character signifies how Camp constitutes the refugees through ‘care’ and how they encounter reality in that situational condition. The paper will not focus on fear as only as detrimental to the life of the refugees. Rather, it tries to show how the affect of fear may also unfold the possibility of that space by engaging with the elements of speech, silence or listening that constitutes the discourse of Camp. The paper would explore how as a temporary shelter of the refugees, Camp life has been constructed as a discourse in terms of spatial boundary and limits. Coopers Camp in Ranaghat, West Bengal here is taken as a case study to explicate the discourse of camp life in the light of fear and ontologically address the refugee question in post-Partition subcontinent.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh: Uncertainty and How the Government Took Over the Situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kamrujjaman ◽  
MD. Shahriar Mahmud ◽  
Shakil Ahmed ◽  
Md. Omar Qayum ◽  
Mohammad Morshad Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fitting Model

{\bf Abstract.} \\ {\bf Background:} Bangladesh hosts more than 800,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The low health immunity, lifestyle, access to good healthcare services, social-security cause this population to be at risk of far more direct effects of COVID-19 than the host population. Therefore, evidence-based forecasting of the COVID-19 burden is vital in this regard. In this study, we aimed to forecast the COVID-19 burden among the Rohingya refugees of Bangladesh to keep up with the disease outbreak's pace, health needs, and disaster preparedness. \noindent{\bf Methodology and Findings:} To estimate the possible consequences of COVID-19 in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh, we used a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious Recovered (SEIR) transmission model. All the values of different parameters used in this model were from the Bangladesh Government’s database and the relevant emerging literature. We addressed two different scenarios, i.e., the best-fitting model and good fitting model with unique consequences of COVID-19. Our best fitting model suggests that there will be good control over the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. At the end of December 2020, there will be only 169 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Rohingya refugee camps. The average basic reproduction number ($ \mathcal{R}_{0} $) has been estimated to be 0.7563. \noindent{\bf Conclusion:} Our analysis suggests that, due to the extensive precautions from the Bangladesh government as well as other humanitarian organizations, the coronavirus disease will be under control if the maintenance continues like this. Although detailed and pragmatic preparedness should be adopted for the worst scenario.

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