FOSSIL FUEL PRICE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION, AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper examined the impact of fossil fuel price and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on renewable energy, using a sample of 14 Asian developing countries from the years 2000 to 2018. Fossil fuel prices, mainly those of crude oil and coal, are positively related to renewable energy capacity. CO2 emission is also a positive driver, indicating the significance of environmental concern. The results were consistent for both the upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries. Between fossil fuels and CO2 emission, the positive impact of CO2 emission outweighed that of fossil fuels. From a policy perspective, this paper concurs the need to shift huge subsidies away from fossil fuels to renewable energy and to enforce a heavy tax on CO2 emission for a sustainable environment.

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Energy After COVID

Current History ◽

10.1525/curh.2020.119.820.317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 119 (820) ◽

pp. 317-322

Author(s):

Michael T. Klare

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

White Collar ◽

Peak Oil ◽

Business Travel ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

The Cost ◽

Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

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Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind100217016p ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 283-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zlatica Predojevic

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽

Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.

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Solar Power in the Island Nation, Mauritius

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019000007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 00007

Author(s):

Dhirajsing Rughoo

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

A Priori ◽

High Humidity ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Environment Pollution ◽

Tropical Islands ◽

High Cloud ◽

Cloud Coverage

The challenges to integrating a greater share of renewable energy, more specifically solar energy into the power grid in tropical islands are that these islands have a complex microclimate, high humidity and high cloud coverage. Because of this, the power output from solar photovoltaic (SPV) plants is severely affected. In this manuscript, the results of a study carried out on the performance of a 15.2 MW solar photovoltaic (SPV) plant in the island nation Mauritius is presented. The net annual yield was 22 162 MWh and has avoided 22 162 metric t of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. An attempt is also made to develop a model to forecast the power that can be generated from the SPV plants at that location. The grid operator, the national Central Electricity Board (CEB) needs to know a priori, the energy mix for the subsequent few days so that the level of operation of fossil fuel fired thermal plants can be tuned accordingly to minimize the environment pollution of this pristine island.

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Quantifying the contribution of regional methane emissions to the global methane budget between 2008 and 2018 using the TOMCAT chemical transport model

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Dowd ◽

Christopher Wilson ◽

Martyn Chipperfield ◽

Manuel Gloor

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Land Surface ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Methane Budget

Methane (CH4) is the second most important atmospheric greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Global concentrations of CH4 have been rising in the last decade and our understanding of what is driving the increase remains incomplete. Natural sources, such as wetlands, contribute to the uncertainty of the methane budget. However, anthropogenic sources, such as fossil fuels, present an opportunity to mitigate the human contribution to climate change on a relatively short timescale, since CH4 has a much shorter lifetime than carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is important to know the relative contributions of these sources in different regions.We have investigated the inter-annual variation (IAV) and rising trend of CH4 concentrations using a global 3-D chemical transport model, TOMCAT. We independently tagged several regional natural and anthropogenic CH4 tracers in TOMCAT to identify their contribution to the atmospheric CH4 concentrations over the period 2009 &#8211; 2018. The tagged regions were selected based on the land surface types and the predominant flux sector within each region and include subcontinental regions, such as tropical South America, boreal regions and anthropogenic regions such as Europe. We used surface CH4 fluxes derived from a previous TOMCAT-based atmospheric inversion study (Wilson et al., 2020). These atmospheric inversions were constrained by satellite and surface flask observations of CH4, giving optimised monthly estimates for fossil fuel and non-fossil fuel emissions on a 5.6&#176; horizontal grid. During the study period, the total optimised CH4 flux grew from 552 Tg/yr to 593 Tg/yr. This increase in emissions, particularly in the tropics, contributed to the increase in atmospheric CH4 concentrations and added to the imbalance in the CH4 budget. We will use the results of the regional tagged tracers to quantify the contribution of regional methane emissions at surface observation sites, and to quantify the contributions of the natural and anthropogenic emissions from the tagged regions to the IAV and the rising methane concentrations.Wilson, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Gloor, M., Parker, R. J., Boesch, H., McNorton, J., Gatti, L. V., Miller, J. B., Basso, L. S., and Monks, S. A.: Large and increasing methane emissions from Eastern Amazonia derived from satellite data, 2010&#8211;2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1136, in review, 2020.

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The 21st Century Coal Question: China, India, Development, and Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10080476 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Kevin J. Warner ◽

Glenn A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Population Growth ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Community Based ◽

China And India ◽

Development Goals ◽

Fossil Fuel Emissions

China and India are not only the two most populous nations on Earth, they are also two of the most rapidly growing economies. Historically, economic and social development have been subsidized by cheap and abundant fossil-fuels. Climate change from fossil-fuel emissions has resulted in the need to reduce fossil-fuel emissions in order to avoid catastrophic warming. If climate goals are achieved, China and India will have been the first major economies to develop via renewable energy sources. In this article, we examine the factors of projected population growth, available fossil-fuel reserves, and renewable energy installations required to develop scenarios in which both China and India may increase per capita energy consumption while remaining on trach to meet ambitious climate goals. Here, we show that China and India will have to expand their renewable energy infrastructure at unprecedented rates in order to support both population growth and development goals. In the larger scope of the literature, we recommend community-based approaches to microgrid and cookstove development in both China and India.

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The Role of Trade Liberalization in Carbon Dioxide Emission: Evidence From Heterogeneous Panel Estimations

International Journal of Financial Research ◽

10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Gholamreza Zandi ◽

Muhammad Haseeb

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Trade Liberalization ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Long Run ◽

Heterogeneous Panel

In the present globalized world, production forms are progressively divided across nations. Consequently, domestic consumption in one nation is progressively fulfilled by worldwide supply chains. This spectacle has pulled policy and widespread intellectual discussions on the assignment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emanations, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) emission; these are accountabilities connected to global trade since worldwide trade causes net carbon dioxide emission. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of trade liberalization on carbon dioxide emission. We used the panel data of 105 developed and developing countries from 1990 to 2017. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that all variables are connected in the long-run period. The results of long run coefficient confirm that that the trade liberalization has a positive effect on environmental degradation and cause to increase environmental degradation. Likewise, economic growth and energy consumption has also a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation. However, we find an evidence of negative and significant impact of renewable energy utilization on environmental degradation. Finally, the results of heterogeneous panel causality confirm that there is a uni-directional causal relationship between trade liberalization and environmental degradation where causality is running from trade liberalization to environmental degradation. However, we find a bi-directional causal relationship of environmental degradation with energy utilization and renewable energy utilization in all selected developed and developing countries.

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Gini and Entropy-Based Spread Indexes for Primary Energy Consumption Efficiency and CO2 Emission

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184938 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4938

Author(s):

Hellinton H. Takada ◽

Celma O. Ribeiro ◽

Oswaldo L. V. Costa ◽

Julio M. Stern

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Primary Energy Consumption ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Responsible Investment ◽

Global Spread

Primary energy consumption is one of the key drivers of global CO2 emissions that, in turn, heavily depends on the efficiency of involved technologies. Either improvement in technology efficiency or the expansion of non-fossil fuel consumption requires large investments. The planning and financing of such investments by global policy makers or global energy firms require, in turn, reliable measures of associated global spread and their evolution in time, at least from the point of view of the principles for responsible investment (PRI). In this paper, our main contribution is the introduction of index measures for accessing global spread (that is, measures of inequality or inhomogeneity in the statistical distribution of a related quantity of interest) of technology efficiency and CO2 emission in primary energy consumption. These indexes are based on the Gini index, as used in economical sciences, and generalized entropy measures. Regarding primary energy sources, we consider petroleum, coal, natural gas, and non-fossil fuels. Between our findings, we attest some stable relations in the evolution of global spreads of technology efficiency and CO2 emission and a positive relation between changes in global spread of technology efficiency and use of non-fossil fuel.

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THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN ASIA

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ◽

10.32479/ijeep.7535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 135-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Azilah Hasnisah ◽

A. A. Azlina ◽

Che Mohd Imran Che Taib

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

The Impact

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Whose carbon is burnable? Equity considerations in the allocation of a “right to extract”

Climatic Change ◽

10.1007/s10584-018-2209-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 150 (1-2) ◽

pp. 117-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sivan Kartha ◽

Simon Caney ◽

Navroz K. Dubash ◽

Greg Muttitt

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Development ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Basic Needs ◽

The Political ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Energy Services ◽

Rapid Transition

AbstractCarbon emissions—and hence fossil fuel combustion—must decline rapidly if warming is to be held below 1.5 or 2 °C. Yet fossil fuels are so deeply entrenched in the broader economy that a rapid transition poses the challenge of significant transitional disruption. Fossil fuels must be phased out even as access to energy services for basic needs and for economic development expands, particularly in developing countries. Nations, communities, and workers that are economically dependent on fossil fuel extraction will need to find a new foundation for livelihoods and revenue. These challenges are surmountable. In principle, societies could undertake a decarbonization transition in which they anticipate the transitional disruption, and cooperate and contribute fairly to minimize and alleviate it. Indeed, if societies do not work to avoid that disruption, a decarbonization transition may not be possible at all. Too many people may conclude they will suffer undue hardship, and thus undermine the political consensus required to undertake an ambitious transition. The principles and framework laid out here are offered as a contribution to understanding the nature of the potential impacts of a transition, principles for equitably sharing the costs of avoiding them, and guidance for prioritizing which fossil resources can still be extracted.

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