scholarly journals Analyses Of The Hydrologic Performance Of Bioretention Facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirali Alinaghian
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Bioretention Cell ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Swmm Model

Due to urbanization, and replacing natural pervious lands by impermeable surfaces, the patterns of rainfall-runoff are altered and thus, negatively influence natural water systems regarding both water quantity and water quality. Bioretention as an efficient LID practice has received significant interest in the recent years. Bioretention practice due to its advantages can be considered as one of the most promising LID practices that maintains the fundamental hydrologic functions in a natural environment and can be integrated into neighborhood landscaping. The primary objective of the current study is analyzing the effects of inflow and outflow characteristics on right-of-way (roadside) bioretention facilities. Inlet and outlet flow hydrographs under several design storm conditions were examined. After the formulation of a SWMM model (node and link plus LID), numerical experiments including sensitive analysis will be designed to simulate and investigate the runoff control performance of a right-of-way bioretention facility. The effective length of the bioretention was found by FLOW3D software (finite element). The performance of the bioretention cell with the effective lengths (12 &16m) reinvestigated and results compared to original bioretention cell

scholarly journals Analyses Of The Hydrologic Performance Of Bioretention Facilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirali Alinaghian
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Bioretention Cell ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Outlet Flow ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Swmm Model

Due to urbanization, and replacing natural pervious lands by impermeable surfaces, the patterns of rainfall-runoff are altered and thus, negatively influence natural water systems regarding both water quantity and water quality. Bioretention as an efficient LID practice has received significant interest in the recent years. Bioretention practice due to its advantages can be considered as one of the most promising LID practices that maintains the fundamental hydrologic functions in a natural environment and can be integrated into neighborhood landscaping. The primary objective of the current study is analyzing the effects of inflow and outflow characteristics on right-of-way (roadside) bioretention facilities. Inlet and outlet flow hydrographs under several design storm conditions were examined. After the formulation of a SWMM model (node and link plus LID), numerical experiments including sensitive analysis will be designed to simulate and investigate the runoff control performance of a right-of-way bioretention facility. The effective length of the bioretention was found by FLOW3D software (finite element). The performance of the bioretention cell with the effective lengths (12 &16m) reinvestigated and results compared to original bioretention cell

Modifications of rainfall runoff and decision finding models for on-line simulation in real time control

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Andreas Cassar ◽  
Hans-Reinhard Verworn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
On Line ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model

Most of the existing rainfall runoff models for urban drainage systems have been designed for off-line calculations. With a design storm or a historical rain event and the model system the rainfall runoff processes are simulated, the faster the better. Since very recently, hydrodynamic models have been considered to be much too slow for real time applications. However, with the computing power of today - and even more so of tomorrow - very complex and detailed models may be run on-line and in real time. While the algorithms basically remain the same as for off-line simulations, problems concerning timing, data management and inter process communication have to be identified and solved. This paper describes the upgrading of the existing hydrodynamic rainfall runoff model HYSTEM/EXTRAN and the decision finding model INTL for real time performance, their implementation on a network of UNIX stations and the experiences from running them within an urban drainage real time control project. The main focus is not on what the models do but how they are put into action and made to run smoothly embedded in all the processes necessary in operational real time control.

scholarly journals JAMAICA BAY HURRICANE BARRIER

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Frank L. Panuzio
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Jamaica Bay ◽  
Ecological Objectives

A 12 4 mile beach erosion control and hurricane flood protection project includes Jamaica Bay and the Rockaway Inlet in the southwest corner of Long Island, New York«i The project would provide 6 1 miles of beach fill and floodwalls along the Atlantic Ocean shore and 6 3 miles of inland structures to tie back to high ground, including a 0 9 mile barrier across the inlet The barrier, with a 300 foot gated opening and a 300 foot ungated opening, would permit suppression of the design hurricane surge so as to eliminate the need of flood protection works within the bay Linear mathematical models were used to determine these openings Because of the limitation of these models to produce adequate data m the bay pertinent to environmental and ecological considerations, three hydraulic models were utilized General conclusions drawn from the hydraulic model test data are that the results of the mathematical models were upheld, a design storm with high peak is critical for determining the height of protection, a design storm with high volume rather than high peak plus rainfall runoff is critical in determining ungated openings and suppression of bay levels, and there is a combination of gated and ungated openings that would meet the flood protection, navigation, environmental and ecological objectives.

scholarly journals A comparative study on rainfall runoff control indicators of green roof

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2036-2042
Author(s):  
Ke Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Reduction Effect

Abstract The rainfall runoff reduction effect on green roofs was analyzed and tested by comparative rainfall runoff monitoring on impermeable roofs (sloping, plane). The evaluation index of rainfall runoff interception benefit (relative runoff reduction rate, rainfall control rate) on green roofs was studied. The results show that compared with sloping and level roofs, the change range of green roof runoff reduction rate relative to level and sloping roofs is 20.0–98.3% and 3.8–92.3%, and the mean value is 48.4% and 34.3% respectively. It is obvious that the green roof has better rainfall runoff reduction effect. It can be seen from the single rainfall control effect that the variation range of green roof rainfall runoff control rate is 36.0% to 99.0%, and the total rainfall control rate is 57.6%, which reflects that the green roof has the better rainfall control effect. Through comparative study, it can be concluded that the rainfall runoff control rate is more suitable for the design index of green roofs.

The role of in situ unit operation/process infiltration treatment on partitioning and speciation of rainfall-runoff

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Guo ◽  
J. Sansalone ◽  
P. Piro
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Carbonate Complexes

Management decisions regarding the potential fate and toxicity of anthropogenic metal elements requires a knowledge of metal partitioning and speciation as mediated by in situ control systems (ICS). This study focussed on Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, common anthropogenic metal elements generated in the built environment and examined the influence of variable event-based hydrology and passive ICS by an engineered partial exfiltration reactor (PER) system on partitioning and speciation. The feasibility and efficiency of the PER as an in situ stormwater runoff control strategy to attenuate levels of metal elements was evaluated. Results indicate that higher rainfall intensity resulted in higher dissolved fraction (fd) values for influent Zn, Cu and Cd, but did not have a significant influence on partitioning of Pb. Speciation indicated that divalent fractions of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were changed marginally by the PER. Cu and Pb mainly complexed with organic matter in the influent, while carbonate complexes of these metals in the effluent significantly increased. The PER consistently and statistically reduced all loadings of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for all examined events, whether on a mass or concentration basis. As an unsaturated flow unit operation/process the PER can efficiently remove ionic or complexed forms of metal elements. Such UOPs are a potential quality and quantity ICS strategy for rainfall-runoff.

scholarly journals A stochastic design rainfall generator based on copulas and mass curves

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandenberghe ◽  
N. E. C. Verhoest ◽  
E. Buyse ◽  
B. De Baets
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Storm Duration ◽  
Scale Design

Abstract. The use of design storms can be very useful in many hydrological and hydraulic practices. In this study, the concept of a copula-based secondary return period in combination with the concept of mass curves is used to generate point-scale design storms. The analysis is based on storms selected from the 105 year rainfall time series with a 10 min resolution, measured at Uccle, Belgium. In first instance, bivariate copulas and secondary return periods are explained, together with a focus on which couple of storm variables is of highest interest for the analysis and a discussion of how the results might be affected by the goodness-of-fit of the copula. Subsequently, the fitted copula is used to sample storms with a predefined secondary return period for which characteristic variables such as storm duration and total storm depth can be derived. In order to construct design storms with a realistic storm structure, mass curves of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile storms are developed. An analysis shows that the assumption of independence between the secondary return period and the internal storm structure could be made. Based on the mass curves, a technique is developed to randomly generate an intrastorm structure. The coupling of both techniques eventually results in a methodology for stochastic design storm generation. Finally, its practical usefulness for design studies is illustrated based on the generation of a set of statistically identical design storm and rainfall-runoff modelling.

scholarly journals An Integrated Hydraulic and Hydrologic Modeling Approach for Roadside Bio-Retention Facilities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Li ◽  
Seyed Alinaghian ◽  
Darko Joksimovic ◽  
Lianghao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Modelling Approach

Roadside bio-retention (RBR) facilities are low impact development practices, which control urban runoff primarily from road pavements. Using hydrologic models, such as the US EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), RBR are typically designed with some fundamental assumptions, including where runoff completely enters the facilities and fully utilizes the whole surface area for percolation, detention, filtration, and infiltration to the surrounding soils. This paper highlights the importance of inlet hydraulics and the spatial distribution of inflow along a RBR, and proposes an integrated hydraulic and hydrologic modelling approach to simulate its overall runoff control performance. The integrated hydraulic/hydrologic modelling approach consists of three components: (1) A dual drainage hydrologic model to simulate runoff generation, runoff hydrographs entering and bypassing a storm inlet, and the outflow hydrograph from a fully utilized RBR; (2) a computational fluid dynamic model to determine the inflow distribution along a RBR; and (3) an overall runoff control performance analysis of RBR by considering the inlet efficiency, and the partially and fully utilized RBR during a storm event. A case study of an underground RBR in the City of Toronto was used to demonstrate the integrated modelling approach. It is concluded that; (1) inlet efficiency of a RBR will determine the overall runoff control performance; and (2) the inflow distribution will dictate the effective length of a RBR, which may affect the overall runoff control performance.

Research on Method of Confirming Typical SWMM Water Quality Parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5308-5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Li Tao Yue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Swmm Model ◽  
Buildup Rate

Taking a roof in Shanghai for example, through the comparison of the relationship of rainfall and SS load in a single rainfall runoff obtained by experiment and SWMM simulation, typical water SWMM model parameters (maximum buildup possible C1, buildup rate constant C2, washoff coefficient S1 and washoff exponent S2) could be obtained. With this method, other cities’ water quality parameters for SWMM simulation could be confirmed, so as to provide basis for simulating water quality by SWMM.

scholarly journals A stochastic design rainfall generator based on copulas and mass curves

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3613-3648 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandenberghe ◽  
N. E. C. Verhoest ◽  
E. Buyse ◽  
B. De Baets
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Storm Duration

Abstract. The use of design storms can be very useful in many hydrological and hydraulic practices. In this study, the concept of a copula-based secondary return period in combination with the concept of mass curves is used to generate design storms. The analysis is based on storms selected from the 105 year rainfall time series with a 10 min resolution, measured at Uccle, Belgium. In first instance, bivariate copulas and secondary return periods are explained, together with a focus on which couple of storm variables is of highest interest for the analysis and a discussion of how the results might be affected by the goodness-of-fit of the copula. Subsequently, the fitted copula is used to sample storms with a predefined secondary return period for which characteristic variables such as storm duration and total storm depth can be derived. In order to construct design storms with a realistic storm structure, mass curves of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile storms are developed. An analysis shows that the assumption of independence between the secondary return period and the internal storm structure could be made. Based on the mass curves, a technique is developed to randomly generate an intrastorm structure. The coupling of both techniques eventually results in a methodology for stochastic design storm generation. Finally, its practical usefulness for design studies is illustrated based on the generation of design storm ensembles and rainfall-runoff modelling.

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