scholarly journals Effects of regular self-weighing on weight management: restrained and unrestrained eaters in first-year university.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Strimas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters ◽  
First Year University

Obesity poses a global health concern. Prevention has emphasized the utility of weight monitoring, but its effect on restrained eaters is unstudied. This study examined the interactive effects of self-weighing and restrained eating on the body mass index of first-year university students over a three-month period. Participants (N = 100) were randomized into one of three groups: Group 1 (n = 36) weighed themselves daily; Group 2 (n = 31) weighed themselves weekly; and Group 3 (n = 33) measured their heart rate weekly. Results revealed that weekly weighing assisted in weight control among restrained eaters, while daily weighing led to significant weight gain (p = 0.003). There was modest support for the utility of regular weighing to assist in the prevention of weight gain among unrestrained eaters. Overall findings suggest that interventions designed to aid in weight control should be implemented judiciously. Further consideration of individual differences may ultimately help to tailor clinical and public health recommendations aimed at weight management.

scholarly journals Effects of regular self-weighing on weight management: restrained and unrestrained eaters in first-year university.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Strimas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters ◽  
First Year University

Obesity poses a global health concern. Prevention has emphasized the utility of weight monitoring, but its effect on restrained eaters is unstudied. This study examined the interactive effects of self-weighing and restrained eating on the body mass index of first-year university students over a three-month period. Participants (N = 100) were randomized into one of three groups: Group 1 (n = 36) weighed themselves daily; Group 2 (n = 31) weighed themselves weekly; and Group 3 (n = 33) measured their heart rate weekly. Results revealed that weekly weighing assisted in weight control among restrained eaters, while daily weighing led to significant weight gain (p = 0.003). There was modest support for the utility of regular weighing to assist in the prevention of weight gain among unrestrained eaters. Overall findings suggest that interventions designed to aid in weight control should be implemented judiciously. Further consideration of individual differences may ultimately help to tailor clinical and public health recommendations aimed at weight management.

scholarly journals Changes in weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and their relationship with metabolic control during the first year of type 1 diabetes in adults. InLipoDiab1 Study

2021 ◽  
pp. e531
Author(s):  
Maja Miętkiewska ◽  
Aleksandra Uruska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Metabolic Management

Introduction. As in the general population, an increase in the incidence of overweight has been observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Nevertheless, weight gain in this group may contribute to the deterioration of the metabolic management. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the body weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and to assess their relationship with the metabolic management during the first year of T1DM in adults.Material and Methods. The prospective analysis included 139 adults patients with newly diagnosed T1DM, treated with Intensive functional insulin therapy (IFI) from the onset of the disease (age 26.3 ± 5.9 years). Patients were assessed at the time of the diagnosis and after 12 months. Metabolic parameters, including the HbA1c and lipid profile were investigated. The group was divided according to weight gain during the follow-up period.Results. Weight gain was observed in 68.3% of participants (n = 95). In most cases an increase in body fat was found (41% vs 59% p = 0.01). Changes in the body weight corresponded to significant changes in body composition. Conversely, HbA1c decreased during the follow-up in all groups. The highest reduction was observed in a group with “excessive weight gain”. Additionally, a significant increase in high density lipoproteins was observed in each group. However, weight gain was not accompanied by a deterioration of the lipid profile.Conclusions. Weight gain is a considerable problem among adults with newly diagnosed T1DM and is connected mainly with an increase of adipose tissue above the normal range. Changes in the body weight, associated with body composition changes, did not result in the dysfunctions of the metabolic management.

scholarly journals Effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241744
Author(s):  
Tanmay Sharma ◽  
Christine Langlois ◽  
Rita E. Morassut ◽  
David Meyre
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
University Students ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
First Year University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Background The transition to university often involves a change in living arrangement for many first-year students. While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented, Canadian literature on the impact of living arrangement within this context is limited. The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Ontario, Canada. Methods 244 first-year undergraduate students were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Anthropometric parameters including weight, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were examined. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparison of traits from the beginning to end the year in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, linear regression models with covariate adjustments were used to investigate effect of the type of living arrangement (i.e. on-campus, off-campus, or family home) on the aforementioned traits. Results In the overall sample, a significant weight increase of 1.55kg (95% CI: 1.24–1.86) was observed over the school year (p<0.001), which was also accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001). At baseline, no significant differences were found between people living on-campus, off-campus, and at home with family. Stratified analysis of change by type of living arrangement indicated significant gains across all traits among students living on-campus (p<0.05), and significant gains in weight and BMI among students living at home with family. Additionally, a comparison between living arrangements revealed that students living on campus experienced significantly larger gains in weight and BMI compared to students living off-campus (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that living arrangement is associated with different weight gain trajectories in first-year university students.

The effect of supplementation with protein, lipid and propionate on nutrient partitioning in roughage-fed lambs

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. J. van Houtert ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning

AbstractEighty castrated male lambs were allocated to either an initial slaughter group (no. = 16) or one of eight treatment groups (no. = 8). Ammoniated barley straw was offered ad libitum. This was supplemented with sodium (Na) propionate (0 or 20 g/day), formaldehyde-treated casein, (protected casein, 0 or 50 g/day) and/or calcium (Ca) salts of long-chain fatty acids (Ca soap, 0 or 30 g/day), as a factorial design. Measurements were made of food intake, live-weight gain and wool growth, rumen fluid parameters and changes in body composition over a period of 155 days.Food intake (g dry matter per kg live weight) was lower in the groups supplemented with Ca soap and Na propionate. Fleece-free live-weight gain was increased by supplementation with protected casein and Ca soap, but was not affected by Na propionate. Supplementation with protected casein increased wool yield. Adjusted means for water, protein and ash content of the body (adjusted to mean fleece/digesta-free body weight at slaughter of 27·1 kg) were affected significantly by the second-order interaction between the supplements. Adjusted body water and protein mass were lower when Na propionate was given alone or with Ca soap and protected casein. Fat mass tended to be higher under those conditions. Supplementation with Ca soap increased adjusted fat and gross energy contents and decreased adjusted protein and water mass. Supplementation with protected casein decreased total body fat and increased adjusted protein mass in the body. The partitioning of water, protein, fat, ash and energy between the carcass and non-carcass residues was affected to a small extent also. These results demonstrate interactive effects of the supplements used, on nutrient partitioning in lambs offered straw-based diets.

Effect of the transition from high school to university on anthropometric and lifestyle variables in malesPresented in part at the Canadian Society for Nutritional Sciences, Canadian Nutrition Congress, held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, from 18–21 June 2007.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison W. Pullman ◽  
Rachel C. Masters ◽  
Lindsay C. Zalot ◽  
Lauren E. Carde ◽  
Michelle M. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Male Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Transition From High School ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Sedentary Activities

The obesity epidemic in North America has focused attention on the health risks of excess weight gain. The transition from high school to university is a critical period for weight gain, commonly referred to as the Freshman 15. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the transition from high school to university on anthropometrics and physical and sedentary activities in males. A total of 108 males completed 3 study visits: the summer prior to first year university, and the ends of the first and second semesters. Outcome measures were body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist:hip ratio, dietary intake, and participation in physical and sedentary activities. Between the summer prior to and the end of first year university, male students experienced a significant weight gain, of 3.0 kg, with significant increases in BMI, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist:hip ratio. Energy and nutrient intake did not change. Final body mass was significantly predicted by intention for body mass to stay the same, relative to weight loss intention. Fast aerobic physical activity significantly decreased between the summer prior to and the end of first year university, while slow aerobic physical activity, strength training, and flexibility training did not change. Computer and studying time significantly increased, while television time and hours of nightly sleep significantly decreased between the summer prior to and the end of first year university. Weekly alcoholic drinks and binge drinking frequency significantly increased over this time period. In conclusion, between the summer prior to and the end of first year university, male students gained an average of 3.0 kg, with increases in related anthropometrics. These changes may be due to body mass change intention and (or) the observed decreased physical and increased sedentary activities, but appear to be unrelated to dietary intake.

Dietary Restraint as a Predictor of Reported Weight Loss and Affect

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1679-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Tiggemann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Permanent Change ◽  
Chronic Dieting ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters

This study investigated dietary restraint as a predictor of subsequent reported weight loss. Neither chronic dieters nor nondieters reported actually losing weight over a 7-mo. period. With respect to recent weight change, restrained eaters reported both more recent weight loss and more recent weight gain than unrestrained eaters. Further, such weight changes had a much larger influence on their affect. It was concluded that chronic dieting is likely to produce temporary swings in both weight and mood but no permanent change. As such, chronic dieters might best be advised to abandon their dieting attempts.

scholarly journals Effects of direct-fed lactic acid bacteria on weight gain and ruminal ph of two South African sheep breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 18676-18693
Author(s):  
Ayobami Olayinka Aiyegoro ◽  
◽  
Sinalo Mani ◽  
Matthew Adekunle Adeleke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Ruminal Ph

A ruminant’s digestion depends on microbial degradation of feed rather than endogenous enzyme degradation as in most monogastric animals. The study was conducted to assess the effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains administered as direct-fed microbials on weight gain and ruminal pH of Damara and Meatmaster sheep breeds. Sixty-four Damara and Meatmaster sheep breeds [Damara males (36.6 ± 8.3 kg); Damara females (28.9 ± 6.9 kg); Meatmaster males (24.6 ± 3.4 kg); Meat master females (21.5 ± 3.1 kg)] were subjected to a 30-day trial and divided into five treatment groups as follows: pellets with no antibiotic and no probiotics administered (T1); pellets with no antibiotics, only Lactobacillus rhamnosus SCH administered (T2); pellets with no antibiotics, only Lactobacillus rhamnosus AF3G administered (T3); pellets with no antibiotics, with the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SCH and Lactobacillus rhamnosus AF3G, administered (T4); pellets fortified with antibiotic and no probiotic administered (T5). The animals were fed on commercial pellets fortified with or without antibiotics. Animals were each weighed, and rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube, and pH was read immediately, before and at the end of the trials. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 4.0. The results showed that the effect of treatment, sex and some of their interactive effects were significant (p <0.001) on the body weight of sheep irrespective of breed. The effect of treatments revealed that the animals in the combination of probiotics gained more weight than those in other groups. Damara breed had a heavier body weight than Meatmaster while males were 6 kg heavier relative to females (p <0.001). Only breed was significant (p <0.05) on weight gained. Treatment (p <0.05), breed (p <0.001) and their interactive effect (p <0.05) were significant on ruminal pH. The highest pH value was 7.27 for the T5 group and 7.37 for the Damara breed. Results suggest that LAB may have beneficial effects on the growth performances of sheep and therefore may be suitable as future growth promoters in sheep production, as they don't have any harmful residues compared to antibiotics.

Perception of Body Size and Body Satisfaction in Recovered Anorexic Women: Comparison with Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lautenbacher ◽  
Nicoline Kraehe ◽  
Jürgen-Christian Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters

The perception of body size, measured by three different methods, and body satisfaction were assessed in 23 formerly anorexic inpatients with an “intermediate” ( n = 9) or a “good” outcome ( n = 14) and compared with the data obtained from 21 restrained and 20 unrestrained eaters. Using the Kinaesthetic Size Estimation Apparatus, overestimation and uncertainty in the perception of body size became apparent in both groups of former patients. The other two methods, Video Distortion Technique and Image Marking Procedure, did not produce comparable results. There was only a trend towards higher scores on body dissatisfaction, as measured by the Body Shape Questionnaire, in the patients' groups in comparison with the group of unrestrained eaters, whereas the patients' scores on body dissatisfaction were quite similar to those of the restrained eaters. None of these measures discriminated between the two outcome categories of “intermediate” and “good.” These findings suggest that restoration of body weight, by itself, obviously does not cause a normalization of body experience in all its components in patients with anorexia nervosa.

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