scholarly journals Electronic tennis officiating: low cost, accurate and reliable solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hawling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Full System ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tennis Court

The goal of this project was to research an electronic tennis officiating system that was low cost, accurate, and reliable. To do this, professional practices and literature were reviewed to identify what was already known and being implemented in the market. A basic proof of concept, in the form of a foot fault detecting system, was built in order to find out if a larger system could realistically be built. Then, a thorough investigation of components, including sensors, microcontrollers, wireless devices, cases, holders, and alert systems was performed to better understand the underlying technologies and suitability in a tennis officiating setting. Sensors were tested on a full-scale tennis court to identify the best possible option for a final design based on accuracy, cost, ease of use, set-up time, reliability, and size. Additionally, a plan to develop and commercialize the system was examined, taking into consideration relevant costs and restraints. Finally, a scale model of the full system was put together, showcasing the components previously studied and providing end users with an idea of how it would work.

scholarly journals Electronic tennis officiating: low cost, accurate and reliable solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hawling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Full System ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tennis Court

The goal of this project was to research an electronic tennis officiating system that was low cost, accurate, and reliable. To do this, professional practices and literature were reviewed to identify what was already known and being implemented in the market. A basic proof of concept, in the form of a foot fault detecting system, was built in order to find out if a larger system could realistically be built. Then, a thorough investigation of components, including sensors, microcontrollers, wireless devices, cases, holders, and alert systems was performed to better understand the underlying technologies and suitability in a tennis officiating setting. Sensors were tested on a full-scale tennis court to identify the best possible option for a final design based on accuracy, cost, ease of use, set-up time, reliability, and size. Additionally, a plan to develop and commercialize the system was examined, taking into consideration relevant costs and restraints. Finally, a scale model of the full system was put together, showcasing the components previously studied and providing end users with an idea of how it would work.

Firebrand generation data obtained from a full-scale structure burn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Suzuki ◽  
Samuel L. Manzello ◽  
Matthew Lage ◽  
George Laing
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Set Up

A full-scale, proof-of-concept experiment was conducted to investigate firebrand production from a burning structure. In this experiment, researchers from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were invited to set up instrumentation and collect firebrands using an array of water pans during a structure burn-down. The size and mass distribution of firebrands collected from the burning structure was compared with those measured from vegetation as well as historical firebrand investigations and found to be larger and broader than those of prior studies from historical firebrand investigations.

Rc Infilled Frame: Shaking Table Tests on a Full Scale Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Elena Candigliota ◽  
Alain Le Maoult
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Infilled Frame ◽  
Set Up

Tests on shaking table have been carried out on a 3D full scale infilled r.c. frame specimen (55 tons). These tests have been performed by the EMSI Laboratory of C.E.A. Saclay (France) together with a research team of the Universities of Chieti-Pescara (Italy), Roma Tre (Italy) and Patras (Greece). These tests are included in Ecoleader European research program. Many characterization tests of infill components (mortar and bricks) have been performed in the SCAM Laboratory of the University of Chieti-Pescara while tests on masonry walls were made in the laboratory of University of Rome 3. The structure represents the first floor of a two floors frame structure previously tested. The mockup is a full-scale one storey rc infilled frame with four columns, 3 meters high, with about 4 meters side square floor and infilled with double bricks wall. The main aim is to get information about the behavior of real structures. The instrumentation with about one hundred channels was set up to measure the rc frame response and the different behavior of the double walls during the tests. First, monodirectional and bidirectional tests at low seismic intensity (0.10 g and 0.15 g PGA levels) have been performed on the bare frame in order to characterize its structural characteristics and to check the design provisions. Then, the bare frame has been infilled and other tests have carried out at increasing seismic intensity in order to define its serviceability and ultimate limit states. Monodirectional and bidirectional tests up to 0.45 g PGA level were carried out. The last sequence included a monodirectional test on the infilled frame with only two walls. The high seismic input (0.55 g PGA level) was parallel to the direction of the walls. In this paper, research program and some main test results are presented.

Small-Scale Models for Testing Masonry Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Quinonez ◽  
Jennifer Zessin ◽  
Aissata Nutzel ◽  
John Ochsendorf
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Set Up

Experiments may be used to verify numerical and analytical results, but large-scale model testing is associated with high costs and lengthy set-up times. In contrast, small-scale model testing is inexpensive, non-invasive, and easy to replicate over several trials. This paper proposes a new method of masonry model generation using three-dimensional printing technology. Small-scale models are created as an assemblage of individual blocks representing the original structure’s geometry and stereotomy. Two model domes are tested to collapse due to outward support displacements, and experimental data from these tests is compared with analytical predictions. Results of these experiments provide a strong understanding of the mechanics of actual masonry structures and can be used to demonstrate the structural capacity of masonry structures with extensive cracking. Challenges for this work, such as imperfections in the model geometry and construction problems, are also addressed. This experimental method can provide a low-cost alternative for the collapse analysis of complex masonry structures, the safety of which depends primarily on stability rather than material strength.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Homes: A Fuzzy-Based Solution for an Energy-Effective Duty Cycle

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pau ◽  
Valerio Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Computationally Expensive

This paper introduces a fuzzy-based method that, according to the ratio of Throughput to Workload and the battery level, manages the sleeping time of devices in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for smart homes. The purpose of this work is a system that can be executed on off-the-shelf hardware and offers enhanced performance confronted with other approaches. The challenge here is to achieve a practical method that reaches the target while bypassing complex and computationally expensive solutions, which would diminish the possible applicability of the method in real scenarios. The retrieved results prove that the proposed approach outperforms other solutions, significantly prolonging the life of battery-powered wireless devices with also satisfactory values of the ratio Throughput to Workload. Besides, a proof-of-concept implementation on off-the-shelf devices confirms that the proposed method does not expect powerful hardware and can be surely implemented on a low-cost device.

scholarly journals An Agile AI and IoT-Augmented Smart Farming: A Cost-Effective Cognitive Weather Station

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Amine Faid ◽  
Mohamed Sadik ◽  
Essaid Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Set Up

Internet of Things (IoT) can be seen as the electricity of 21st century. It has been reshaping human life daily during the last decade, with various applications in several critical domains such as agriculture. Smart farming is a real-world application in which Internet of Things (IoT) technologies like agro-weather stations can have a direct impact on humans by enhancing crop quality, supporting sustainable agriculture, and eventually generating steady growth. Meanwhile, most agro-weather solutions are neither customized nor affordable for small farmers within developing countries. Furthermore, due to the outdoor challenges, it is often a challenge to develop and deploy low-cost yet robust systems. Robustness, which is determined by several factors, including energy consumption, portability, interoperability, and system’s ease of use. In this paper, we present an agile AI-Powered IoT-based low-cost platform for cognitive monitoring for smart farming. The hybrid Multi-Agent and the fully containerized system continuously surveys multiple agriculture parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to provide end-users with real-time environmental data and AI-based forecasts. The surveyed data is ensured through several heterogeneous nodes deployed within the base station and in the open sensing area. The collected data is transmitted to the local server for pre-processing and the cloud server for backup. The system backbone communication is based on heterogeneous protocols such as MQTT, NRF24L01, and WiFi for radio communication. We also set up a user-friendly web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to support different user profiles. The overall platform design follows an agile approach to be easy to deploy, accessible to maintain, and continuously modernized.

Development of a Capacitor Probe to Detect Subsurface Deterioration in Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Diefenderfer ◽  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
J. J. Yoho ◽  
S. M. Riad ◽  
A. Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTPortland cement concrete (PCC) structures deteriorate with age and need to be maintained or replaced. Early detection of deterioration in PCC (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, freeze/thaw damage, or chloride presence) can lead to significant reductions in maintenance costs. However, it is often too late to perform low-cost preventative maintenance by the time deterioration becomes evident. By developing techniques that would enable civil engineers to evaluate PCC structures and detect deterioration at early stages (without causing further damage), optimization of life-cycle costs of the constructed facility and minimization of disturbance to the facility users can be achieved.Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are potentially one of the most useful techniques ever developed for assessing constructed facilities. They are noninvasive and can be performed rapidly. Portland cement concrete can be nondestructively evaluated by electrically characterizing its complex dielectric constant. The real part of the dielectric constant depicts the velocity of electromagnetic waves in PCC. The imaginary part, termed the “loss factor,” describes the conductivity of PCC and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.Dielectric properties of PCC have been investigated in a laboratory setting using a parallel plate capacitor operating in the frequency range of 0.1 to 40.1MIHz. This capacitor set-up consists of two horizontal-parallel plates with an adjustable separation for insertion of a dielectric specimen (PCC). While useful in research, this approach is not practical for field implementation. A new capacitor probe has been developed which consists of two plates, located within the same horizontal plane, for placement upon the specimen to be tested. Preliminary results show that this technique is feasible and results are promising; further testing and evaluation is currently underway.

Effect of mesh on CFD aerodynamic performances of a container ship

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Ngo Van He ◽  
Le Thi Thai
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Aerodynamic Performances ◽  
Mesh Convergence

In this paper, a commercial CFD code, ANSYS-Fluent has been used to investigate the effect of mesh number generated in the computed domain on the CFD aerodynamic performances of a container ship. A full-scale model of the 1200TEU container ship has been chosen as a reference model in the computation. Five different mesh numbers for the same dimension domain have been used and the CFD aerodynamic performances of the above water surface hull of the ship have been shown. The obtained CFD results show a remarkable effect of mesh number on aerodynamic performances of the ship and the mesh convergence has been found. The study is an evidence to prove that the mesh number has affected the CFD results in general and the accuracy of the CFD aerodynamic performances in particular.

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