Firebrand generation data obtained from a full-scale structure burn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Suzuki ◽  
Samuel L. Manzello ◽  
Matthew Lage ◽  
George Laing
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Set Up

A full-scale, proof-of-concept experiment was conducted to investigate firebrand production from a burning structure. In this experiment, researchers from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were invited to set up instrumentation and collect firebrands using an array of water pans during a structure burn-down. The size and mass distribution of firebrands collected from the burning structure was compared with those measured from vegetation as well as historical firebrand investigations and found to be larger and broader than those of prior studies from historical firebrand investigations.

scholarly journals Electronic tennis officiating: low cost, accurate and reliable solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hawling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Full System ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tennis Court

The goal of this project was to research an electronic tennis officiating system that was low cost, accurate, and reliable. To do this, professional practices and literature were reviewed to identify what was already known and being implemented in the market. A basic proof of concept, in the form of a foot fault detecting system, was built in order to find out if a larger system could realistically be built. Then, a thorough investigation of components, including sensors, microcontrollers, wireless devices, cases, holders, and alert systems was performed to better understand the underlying technologies and suitability in a tennis officiating setting. Sensors were tested on a full-scale tennis court to identify the best possible option for a final design based on accuracy, cost, ease of use, set-up time, reliability, and size. Additionally, a plan to develop and commercialize the system was examined, taking into consideration relevant costs and restraints. Finally, a scale model of the full system was put together, showcasing the components previously studied and providing end users with an idea of how it would work.

scholarly journals Electronic tennis officiating: low cost, accurate and reliable solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hawling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Full System ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tennis Court

The goal of this project was to research an electronic tennis officiating system that was low cost, accurate, and reliable. To do this, professional practices and literature were reviewed to identify what was already known and being implemented in the market. A basic proof of concept, in the form of a foot fault detecting system, was built in order to find out if a larger system could realistically be built. Then, a thorough investigation of components, including sensors, microcontrollers, wireless devices, cases, holders, and alert systems was performed to better understand the underlying technologies and suitability in a tennis officiating setting. Sensors were tested on a full-scale tennis court to identify the best possible option for a final design based on accuracy, cost, ease of use, set-up time, reliability, and size. Additionally, a plan to develop and commercialize the system was examined, taking into consideration relevant costs and restraints. Finally, a scale model of the full system was put together, showcasing the components previously studied and providing end users with an idea of how it would work.

Investigation of nitrite pathways in sugar beet extraction

2014 ◽  
pp. 626-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Emerstorfer ◽  
Christer Bergwall ◽  
Walter Hein ◽  
Mats Bengtsson ◽  
John P. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The investigations presented in this work were carried out in order to further deepen the knowledge about nitrite pathways in the area of sugar beet extraction. The article consists of two parts with different experimental set-up: the first part focuses on laboratory trials in which the fate of nitrate and nitrite was studied in a so-called mini-fermenter. These trials were carried out using juice from the hot part of the cossette mixer of an Agrana sugar factory in Austria. In the experiments, two common sugar factory disinfectants were used in order to study microbial as well as microbial-chemical effects on nitrite formation and degradation caused by bacteria present in the juice. The trials demonstrated that the direct microbial effect (denitrification) on nitrite degradation is more pronounced than the indirect microbial-chemical effect coming from pH value decrease by these bacteria and subsequent nitrite loss. The second part describes the findings from laboratory experiments and full scale factory trials using a mobile laboratory set-up based on insulated stainless steel containers and spectrophotometric detection of nitrite in various factory juices. The trials were made at two Nordzucker factories located in Finland (factory A) and Sweden (factory B). The inhibiting effect of the two common sugar factory disinfectants on nitrite formation was evaluated in laboratory trials, whereas the full scale trials focused on one disinfectant. Other trials to evaluate potential contamination sources of thermophilic nitrite producing bacteria to the extraction system, reactivation of nitrite producing bacteria in raw juice and the effect of a pH gradient on bacterial nitrite activity in cossette mixer juice are also reported.

Respirometry for determination of the influents SS-concentration

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Witteborg ◽  
A. van der Last ◽  
R. Hamming ◽  
I. Hemmers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
On Line ◽  
Large Measurement ◽  
Set Up

A method is presented for determining influent readily biodegradable substrate concentration (SS). The method is based on three different respiration rates, which can be measured with a continuous respiration meter which is operated in a cyclic way. Within the respiration meter nitrification is inhibited through the addition of ATU. Simulations were used to develop the respirometry set-up and decide upon the experimental design. The method was tested as part of a large measurement programme executed at a full-scale plant. The proposed respirometry set-up has been shown to be suitable for a semi-on-line determination of an influent SS which is fully based on the IAWQ #1 vision of the activated sludge process. The YH and the KS play a major role in the principle, and should be measured directly from the process.

First Proof of Concept for Full-Scale, Direct, Low-Temperature Anaerobic Treatment of Municipal Wastewater

2021 ◽  
pp. 125786
Author(s):  
Anna Christine Trego ◽  
B. Conall Holohan ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Alison Graham ◽  
Sandra O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Application of Wide-Band Ultrasound for the Detection of Angled Crack Features in Oil and Gas Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Vos ◽  
Petter Norli ◽  
Emilie Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Set Up

This paper describes a novel technique for the detection of cracks in pipelines. The proposed in-line inspection technique has the ability to detect crack features at random angles in the pipeline, such as axial, circumferential, and any angle in between. This ability is novel to the current ILI technology offering and will also add value by detecting cracks in deformed pipes (i.e. in dents), and cracks associated with the girth weld (mid weld cracks, rapid cooling cracks and cracks parallel to the weld). Furthermore, the technology is suitable for detection of cracks in spiral welded pipes, both parallel to the spiral weld as well as perpendicular to the weld. Integrity issues around most features described above are not addressed with ILI tools, often forcing operators to perform hydrostatic tests to ensure pipeline safety. The technology described here is based on the use of wideband ultrasound inline inspection tools that are already in operation. They are designed for the inspection of structures operating in challenging environments such as offshore pipelines. Adjustments to the front-end analog system and data collection from a grid of transducers allow the tools to detect cracks in any orientation in the line. Description of changes to the test set-up are presented as well as the theoretical background behind crack detection. Historical development of the technology will be presented, such as early laboratory testing and proof of concept. The proof of concept data will be compared to the theoretical predictions. A detailed set of results are presented. These are from tests that were performed on samples sourced from North America and Europe which contain SCC features. Results from ongoing testing will be presented, which involved large-scale testing on SCC features in gas-filled pipe spools.

Rapid start-up of one-stage deammonification MBBR without addition of external inoculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kanders ◽  
Daniel Ling ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the anammox process has emerged as a useful method for robust and efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper evaluates a one-stage deammonification (nitritation and anammox) start-up using carrier material without using anammox inoculum. A continuous laboratory-scale process was followed by full-scale operation with reject water from the digesters at Bekkelaget WWTP in Oslo, Norway. A third laboratory reactor was run in operational mode to verify the suitability of reject water from thermophilic digestion for the deammonification process. The two start-ups presented were run with indigenous bacterial populations, intermittent aeration and dilution, to favour growth of the anammox bacterial branches. Evaluation was done by chemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. The results demonstrate that anammox culture can be set up in a one-stage process only using indigenous anammox bacteria and that a full-scale start-up process can be completed in less than 120 days.

scholarly journals A proof of concept study for the differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, hCoV-NL63, and IAV-H1N1 in vitro cultures using ion mobility spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Feuerherd ◽  
A.-K. Sippel ◽  
J. Erber ◽  
J. I. Baumbach ◽  
R. M. Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Set Up

AbstractRapid, high-throughput diagnostic tests are essential to decelerate the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While RT-PCR tests performed in centralized laboratories remain the gold standard, rapid point-of-care antigen tests might provide faster results. However, they are associated with markedly reduced sensitivity. Bedside breath gas analysis of volatile organic compounds detected by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) may enable a quick and sensitive point-of-care testing alternative. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated whether gas analysis by IMS can discriminate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from other respiratory viruses in an experimental set-up. Repeated gas analyses of air samples collected from the headspace of virus-infected in vitro cultures were performed for 5 days. A three-step decision tree using the intensities of four spectrometry peaks correlating to unidentified volatile organic compounds allowed the correct classification of SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus-NL63, and influenza A virus H1N1 without misassignment when the calculation was performed with data 3 days post infection. The forward selection assignment model allowed the identification of SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity and specificity, with only one of 231 measurements (0.43%) being misclassified. Thus, volatile organic compound analysis by IMS allows highly accurate differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses in an experimental set-up, supporting further research and evaluation in clinical studies.

scholarly journals Hybrid LWFA–PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2151) ◽  
pp. 20180175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinez de la Ossa ◽  
R. W. Assmann ◽  
M. Bussmann ◽  
S. Corde ◽  
J. P. Couperus Cabadağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Plasma Wakefield Accelerator ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plasma Wakefield ◽  
Wakefield Accelerator

We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

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