The methodology of synthesis of dynamically reconfigurable computing systems with temporal partitioning of homogeneous resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian
Keyword(s):  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Hardware Faults ◽  
Parametric Constraint ◽  
High Level ◽  
Task Segmentation

The main motivation factors for the proposed research were the increase of cost-efficiency of FPGA based systems and the simplification of the design process. The first factor is optimization of design in multi-parametric constraint space. The second factor is the design of reconfigurable systems based on higher level of abstraction in a form of macro-functions rather than conventional HDL primitives. Main goal of this work was to create a methodology for automated cost-effective design synthesis of FPGA systems by utilizing temporal partitioning concept. Temporal partitioning provides powerful mechanism that allows to design cost-effective multi-parametrically optimized architectures. Another feature of these architectures is the ability for run-time self-restoration from hardware faults. As the result of the proposed research this methodology was created and successfully verified on the first prototype of Multi-mode Adaptive Reconfigurable System (MARS) with embedded Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM). A special CAD software system was developed for automated application programming, automated task segmentation, and further high-level synthesis of segment specific processors (SSPs). Several novel methodologies were proposed, developed, and verified including: a methodology for creation of macro-operators (MOs) and associated set of optimized virtual hardware components (VHCs); an automated task segmentation methodology and synthesis of segment specific processors from the VHCs; methodology for integration of fault tolerance mechanisms with the self-restoration capability. The latter mechanism made possible the mitigation of transient and permanent hardware faults in run-time. The proof-of-concept component of this research consists of implementation of the above methodologies and mechanisms in the special software CAD system and verification on the experimental setup based on the prototype of system with TPM (MARS platform). As the result, all the developed methodologies and architectural solutions were tested and their effectiveness was demonstrated.

scholarly journals The methodology of synthesis of dynamically reconfigurable computing systems with temporal partitioning of homogeneous resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian
Keyword(s):  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Hardware Faults ◽  
Parametric Constraint ◽  
High Level ◽  
Task Segmentation

The main motivation factors for the proposed research were the increase of cost-efficiency of FPGA based systems and the simplification of the design process. The first factor is optimization of design in multi-parametric constraint space. The second factor is the design of reconfigurable systems based on higher level of abstraction in a form of macro-functions rather than conventional HDL primitives. Main goal of this work was to create a methodology for automated cost-effective design synthesis of FPGA systems by utilizing temporal partitioning concept. Temporal partitioning provides powerful mechanism that allows to design cost-effective multi-parametrically optimized architectures. Another feature of these architectures is the ability for run-time self-restoration from hardware faults. As the result of the proposed research this methodology was created and successfully verified on the first prototype of Multi-mode Adaptive Reconfigurable System (MARS) with embedded Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM). A special CAD software system was developed for automated application programming, automated task segmentation, and further high-level synthesis of segment specific processors (SSPs). Several novel methodologies were proposed, developed, and verified including: a methodology for creation of macro-operators (MOs) and associated set of optimized virtual hardware components (VHCs); an automated task segmentation methodology and synthesis of segment specific processors from the VHCs; methodology for integration of fault tolerance mechanisms with the self-restoration capability. The latter mechanism made possible the mitigation of transient and permanent hardware faults in run-time. The proof-of-concept component of this research consists of implementation of the above methodologies and mechanisms in the special software CAD system and verification on the experimental setup based on the prototype of system with TPM (MARS platform). As the result, all the developed methodologies and architectural solutions were tested and their effectiveness was demonstrated.

scholarly journals FPGA based computing platform with temporal partitioning mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Reconfigurable Platform ◽  
Algorithm And Data Structure ◽  
Run Time Reconfiguration ◽  
Optimal Adaptation

In the presented work the FPGA based run-time reconfigurable platform with temporal partitioning of hardware resources is proposed. This platform is based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device that can be reconfigured "on-fly" to provide the optimal adaptation of a processing architecture to the algorithm and data structure by utilization of developed mechanisms of temporal partitioning of computational / logic resources. It was shown that the proposed approach allows reaching very high cost-effectiveness of the computing platform oriented on processing of framed data-streams. On the other hand, the hardware programming and compilation processes could be simplified by utilization of library of precompiled Virtual Hardware Components stored in the on-board FLASH memory. Paper presents theoretical proof of the proposed approach by analytical comparison of the performance that could be reached on the conventional processors and FPGA platform with Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM) of hardware resources. The implementation of the proposed TPM on the basis of Xilinx Spartan-3 and Xilinx Virtex II FPGA devices is described. Experimental results gained on the prototype of the FPGA based platform with TPM are discussed and analyzed. Keywords: reconfigurable computing, data-stream processing, FPGA, run-time reconfiguration, temporal partitioning.

scholarly journals FPGA based computing platform with temporal partitioning mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Reconfigurable Platform ◽  
Algorithm And Data Structure ◽  
Run Time Reconfiguration ◽  
Optimal Adaptation

In the presented work the FPGA based run-time reconfigurable platform with temporal partitioning of hardware resources is proposed. This platform is based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device that can be reconfigured "on-fly" to provide the optimal adaptation of a processing architecture to the algorithm and data structure by utilization of developed mechanisms of temporal partitioning of computational / logic resources. It was shown that the proposed approach allows reaching very high cost-effectiveness of the computing platform oriented on processing of framed data-streams. On the other hand, the hardware programming and compilation processes could be simplified by utilization of library of precompiled Virtual Hardware Components stored in the on-board FLASH memory. Paper presents theoretical proof of the proposed approach by analytical comparison of the performance that could be reached on the conventional processors and FPGA platform with Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM) of hardware resources. The implementation of the proposed TPM on the basis of Xilinx Spartan-3 and Xilinx Virtex II FPGA devices is described. Experimental results gained on the prototype of the FPGA based platform with TPM are discussed and analyzed. Keywords: reconfigurable computing, data-stream processing, FPGA, run-time reconfiguration, temporal partitioning.

Review of Various Tasks Performed in the Preprocessing Phase of a Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-426
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Zulfiqar Habib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Optic Discs

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. The increasing population of diabetic patients and difficulty to diagnose it at an early stage are limiting the screening capabilities of manual diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Color fundus images are widely used to detect DR lesions due to their comfortable, cost-effective and non-invasive acquisition procedure. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of DR based on these images can assist ophthalmologists and help in saving many sight years of diabetic patients. In a CAD system, preprocessing is a crucial phase, which significantly affects its performance. Commonly used preprocessing operations are the enhancement of poor contrast, balancing the illumination imbalance due to the spherical shape of a retina, noise reduction, image resizing to support multi-resolution, color normalization, extraction of a field of view (FOV), etc. Also, the presence of blood vessels and optic discs makes the lesion detection more challenging because these two artifacts exhibit specific attributes, which are similar to those of DR lesions. Preprocessing operations can be broadly divided into three categories: 1) fixing the native defects, 2) segmentation of blood vessels, and 3) localization and segmentation of optic discs. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art preprocessing techniques related to three categories of operations, highlighting their significant aspects and limitations. The survey is concluded with the most effective preprocessing methods, which have been shown to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the CAD systems.

Cost-Effective Directional Drilling and Logging-While-Drilling Operational/Maintenance Model Aids an East Africa Operator to Deliver Its Remote Location Exploration Campaign

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Lunney
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Remote Maintenance ◽  
Support Team ◽  
High Level ◽  
Remote Assistance ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Maintenance Model

ABSTRACT In a cost-sensitive market driven by depressed commodity prices, significant capital challenges exist for operators interested in pursuing exploration activities in remote environments to define their producible reserves. This paper explores the organizational and operational model developed by a service company over several remote area mobilizations; this model resulted in an optimized low-cost service delivery model characterized by top quartile operational key performance indicators (KPIs). The model centralizes critical functions of an operational organization into discrete service units that are located near the operational location or that provide remote assistance with communication and reporting lines in place to function effectively. Top quartile operational performance and tool availability is a result of placing a remote repair and maintenance facility that includes containerized specialty modules near the operational area. The upfront bottomhole assembly engineering, 24/7 monitoring, and proactive feedback of logged data, drillstring dynamics, and wellbore hydraulics are performed by a core team of subject matter experts in their respective disciplines from an established centralized operating center. The operational KPIs over the course of the six well exploration campaign provided substantial evidence to support the reliability of the model and the high level of experience used in both the remote maintenance facility and the operations center support team.

scholarly journals Fabric Vest Socket with Embroidered Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prosthesis

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seulah Lee ◽  
Babar Jamil ◽  
Sunhong Kim ◽  
Youngjin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Myoelectric Prostheses ◽  
Average Classification Accuracy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Semg Signals

Myoelectric prostheses assist users to live their daily lives. However, the majority of users are primarily confined to forearm amputees because the surface electromyography (sEMG) that understands the motion intents should be acquired from a residual limb for control of the myoelectric prosthesis. This study proposes a novel fabric vest socket that includes embroidered electrodes suitable for a high-level upper amputee, especially for shoulder disarticulation. The fabric vest socket consists of rigid support and a fabric vest with embroidered electrodes. Several experiments were conducted to verify the practicality of the developed vest socket with embroidered electrodes. The sEMG signals were measured using commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes for a comparison to verify the performance of the embroidered electrodes in terms of signal amplitudes, the skin-electrode impedance, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results showed that the embroidered electrodes were as effective as the commercial electrodes. Then, posture classification was carried out by able-bodied subjects for the usability of the developed vest socket. The average classification accuracy for each subject reached 97.92%, and for all the subjects it was 93.2%. In other words, the fabric vest socket with the embroidered electrodes could measure sEMG signals with high accuracy. Therefore, it is expected that it can be readily worn by high-level amputees to control their myoelectric prostheses, as well as it is cost effective for fabrication as compared with the traditional socket.

scholarly journals The Connection between Czc and Cad Systems Involved in Cadmium Resistance in Pseudomonas putida

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9697
Author(s):  
Huizhong Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yingsi Wang ◽  
Xiaobao Xie ◽  
Qingshan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metal pollution is widespread and persistent, and causes serious harm to the environment. Pseudomonas putida, a representative environmental microorganism, has strong resistance to heavy metals due to its multiple efflux systems. Although the functions of many efflux systems have been well-studied, the relationship between them remains unclear. Here, the relationship between the Czc and Cad systems that are predominantly responsible for cadmium efflux in P. putida KT2440 is identified. The results demonstrated that CzcR3, the response regulator of two-component system CzcRS3 in the Czc system, activates the expression of efflux pump genes czcCBA1 and czcCBA2 by directly binding to their promoters, thereby helping the strain resist cadmium stress. CzcR3 can also bind to its own promoter, but it has only a weak regulatory effect. The high-level expression of czcRS3 needs to be induced by Cd2+, and this relies on the regulation of CadR, a key regulator in the Cad system, which showed affinity to czcRS3 promoter. Our study indicates that the Cad system is involved in the regulation of the Czc system, and this relationship is important for maintaining the considerable resistance to cadmium in P. putida.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Neshchadym ◽  
Svetlana Тymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
High Level

The article monitors and analyzes the main strategies for the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises and, accordingly, increase their efficiency and competitiveness; the process of organization and economic planning of hotel and restaurant enterprises has been improved. It is investigated that the enterprises of hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine partially provide the necessary quality indicators for the provided services, and this is the reason for the insufficient level of competitiveness of services in the domestic market and in European countries. An urgent problem of planning and organizing the activities of hotel and restaurant enterprises is the use of innovative strategies and areas of long-term development to increase the level of competitiveness and quality of services provided. This will intensify innovation processes in Ukraine in the field of services. Innovative strategies and promising areas of development of hotel and restaurant enterprises are extremely important in the management of hotel and restaurant complexes. Innovative strategies in the hotel and restaurant industry are cost-effective and feasible provided a high level of profitability, improving the service process, expanding the range of services, reducing costs, increasing competitiveness, improve and optimize the work of all hotel or restaurant services. The application of innovative strategies in the process of hotel and restaurant enterprises allows them to compete in the field of service. In conditions of fierce competition and rapidly changing market conditions, it is very important not only to focus on the internal state of affairs of the enterprise, but also to develop a long-term strategy. Economic activity requires constant innovation. All services offered by hotel and restaurant enterprises must be introduced in modern innovative ways. This is the basis for successful business, maintaining a consistently high level of competitiveness and improving the quality of service. The selection of the optimal innovation strategy for a hotel or restaurant company is carried out by its management based on the analysis of key factors that characterize its condition and the state of the product portfolio.

scholarly journals A flexible user-interface for audiovisual presentation and interactive control in neurobehavioral experiments

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Christopher T Noto ◽  
Suleman Mazhar ◽  
James Gnadt ◽  
Jagmeet S Kanwal
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Interactive Control ◽  
High Level ◽  
Behavioral Monitoring

A major problem facing behavioral neuroscientists is a lack of unified, vendor-distributed data acquisition systems that allow stimulus presentation and behavioral monitoring while recording neural activity. Numerous systems perform one of these tasks well independently, but to our knowledge, a useful package with a straightforward user interface does not exist. Here we describe the development of a flexible, script-based user interface that enables customization for real-time stimulus presentation, behavioral monitoring and data acquisition. The experimental design can also incorporate neural microstimulation paradigms. We used this interface to deliver multimodal, auditory and visual (images or video) stimuli to a nonhuman primate and acquire single-unit data. Our design is cost-effective and works well with commercially available hardware and software. Our design incorporates a script, providing high-level control of data acquisition via a sequencer running on a digital signal processor to enable behaviorally triggered control of the presentation of visual and auditory stimuli. Our experiments were conducted in combination with eye-tracking hardware. The script, however, is designed to be broadly useful to neuroscientists who may want to deliver stimuli of different modalities using any animal model.

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