scholarly journals Discriminative sparse coding in the analysis of electrocardiogram during ventricular arrhythmias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Kalaji
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Optimized Treatment

Abnormalities in the rhythmic electromechanical contractions of the heart results in cardiac arrhythmias. When these abnormalities rise from the ventricles of the heart, they are classified as ventricular arrhythmias. The two major types of ventricular arrhythmias are ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Ventricular fibrillation is the most dangerous among the two arrhythmias, that usually leads to sudden cardiac death if not treated immediately. Annually about 40,000 sudden cardiac deaths are reported in Canada. Due to high mortality rate and serious impact on quality of life, researchers have been focusing on characterizing ventricular arrhythmias that may lead to delivering optimized treatment options in improving the survival rates. In this thesis two major types of ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed and quantified by performing discriminative sparse coding analysis called label consistent K-SVD using time frequency dictionaries that are well localized in time and frequency domains. The analyzed signals were 670 ECG ventricular arrhythmia segments from 33 patients extracted from the Malignant Ventricular Ectopy and Creighton University Tachy-Arrhythmia databases. Using the LCKSVD dictionary learning approach, an overall maximum classification accuracy of 73.3% was achieved with a hybrid optimized wavelet dictionary. Based on the comparative analysis, the trained (learned) dictionaries yielded better performance than the untrained dictionaries. The results indicate that discriminative sparse coding approach has greater potential in extracting signal adaptive and morphologically discriminative time-frequency structures in studying ventricular arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Discriminative sparse coding in the analysis of electrocardiogram during ventricular arrhythmias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Kalaji
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Optimized Treatment

Abnormalities in the rhythmic electromechanical contractions of the heart results in cardiac arrhythmias. When these abnormalities rise from the ventricles of the heart, they are classified as ventricular arrhythmias. The two major types of ventricular arrhythmias are ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Ventricular fibrillation is the most dangerous among the two arrhythmias, that usually leads to sudden cardiac death if not treated immediately. Annually about 40,000 sudden cardiac deaths are reported in Canada. Due to high mortality rate and serious impact on quality of life, researchers have been focusing on characterizing ventricular arrhythmias that may lead to delivering optimized treatment options in improving the survival rates. In this thesis two major types of ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed and quantified by performing discriminative sparse coding analysis called label consistent K-SVD using time frequency dictionaries that are well localized in time and frequency domains. The analyzed signals were 670 ECG ventricular arrhythmia segments from 33 patients extracted from the Malignant Ventricular Ectopy and Creighton University Tachy-Arrhythmia databases. Using the LCKSVD dictionary learning approach, an overall maximum classification accuracy of 73.3% was achieved with a hybrid optimized wavelet dictionary. Based on the comparative analysis, the trained (learned) dictionaries yielded better performance than the untrained dictionaries. The results indicate that discriminative sparse coding approach has greater potential in extracting signal adaptive and morphologically discriminative time-frequency structures in studying ventricular arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Statistical Time-Frequency Multiplexing of HD Video Traffic in DVB-T2

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rezaei ◽  
Imed Bouazizi ◽  
Moncef Gabbouj
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Video Broadcast ◽  
Statistical Time ◽  
Digital Video Broadcast

Digital video broadcast-terrestrial 2 (DVB-T2) is the successor of DVB-T standard that allows a two-dimensional multiplexing of broadcast services in time and frequency domains. It introduces an optional time-frequency slicing (TFS) transmission scheme to increase the flexibility of service multiplexing. Utilizing statistical multiplexing (StatMux) in conjunction with TFS is expected to provide a high performance for the broadcast system in terms of resource utilization and quality of service. In this paper, a model for high-definition video (HDV) traffic is proposed. Then, utilizing the proposed model, the performance of StatMux of HDV broadcast services over DVB-T2 is evaluated. Results of the study show that implementation of StatMux in conjunction with the newly available features in DVB-T2 provides a high performance for the broadcast system.

Advances in Oncology Care

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Kristi Beatty ◽  
Chris Winkelman ◽  
Joseph A. Bokar ◽  
Polly Mazanec
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Therapy Targets ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
New Treatment

The start of the 21st century has produced advances in cancer care that have improved both survival rates and quality of life for many persons diagnosed with cancer. Targeted therapy has given new hope for controlling cancer as a chronic illness. Alone, or in combination with traditional therapies such as surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, this new form of therapy targets malignant cells, halting tumor growth and the potential metastatic spread of disease. Toxicities are limited, but some are serious and may require intensive care. It is imperative for the experienced critical care nurse to have an understanding of these new treatment options and those on the horizon, as these therapies are the future of cancer care. Whereas in previous decades, patients with cancer may not have survived an intensive care admission for treatment complications or advanced disease, many patients now are recovering from life-threatening events, continuing treatment for their disease, and going on to live meaningful, good-quality lives.

Interference Alignment-Based Resource Sharing for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 832-839
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Zhang Xiao ◽  
Wang Shuai ◽  
Meng Rui ◽  
Chao Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Radio Resource Management ◽  
Interference Alignment ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Device To Device

In this paper, we investigate Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks to provide spectrally efficient support of local services. Since in underlay mode, D2D communications share resources in the time and frequency domains with cellular system, it will introduce potentially severe interference to the cellular users and accordingly presents a challenge in radio resource management. In order to avoid generating interference to the high-priority users (cellular users) operating on the same time-frequency resources and to optimize the throughput over the shared resources under the transmit power and the quality of service (QoS) constraints, we propose an interference alignment-based resource sharing scheme for D2D communication underlaying cellular networks. The simulation results demonstrate that by using the proposed scheme, D2D communication can effectively improve the total throughput without generating harmful interference to cellular networks.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancers: What Is Practice Changing in 2021?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4632
Author(s):  
Hannah Christina Puhr ◽  
Matthias Preusser ◽  
Aysegül Ilhan-Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Unselected Patient ◽  
The Face

The prognosis of advanced esophageal cancer is dismal, and treatment options are limited. Since the first promising data on second-line treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer patients were published, immunotherapy was surmised to change the face of modern cancer treatment. Recently, several studies have found this to be true, as the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have achieved revolutionary response rates in advanced as well as resectable settings in esophageal cancer patients. Although the current results of large clinical trials promise high efficacy with tolerable toxicity, desirable survival rates, and sustained quality of life, some concerns remain. This review aims to summarize the novel clinical data on immunotherapeutic agents for esophageal cancer and provide a critical view of potential restrictions for the implementation of these therapies for unselected patient populations.

scholarly journals Hemipelvectomy- only a salvage therapy?

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wedemeyer ◽  
Max Daniel Kauther
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Pelvic Tumors ◽  
Microvascular Free Flaps ◽  
Made In

After the first hemipelvectomy in 1891 significant advances have been made in the fields of preoperative diagnosis, surgical technique and adjuvant treatment in patients with pelvic tumors. The challenging surgical removal of these rare malignant bone or soft tissue tumors accompanied by interdisciplinary therapy is mostly the only chance of cure, but bares the risk of intensive bleeding and infection. The reconstruction after hemipelvectomy is of importance for the later outcome and quality of life for the patient. Here, plastic surgery with microvascular free flaps or local rotational flaps improved the reconstruction and reduced infection rates. Average local recurrence rates of 14% demonstrate good surgical results, but 5 year survival rates of only 50% are described for some tumor entities, showing the importance of a multimodal collaboration. On a basis of a selective literature review the history, indications, treatment options and outcome of hemipelvectomies are presented.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

Superselective Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 5-Year Results of a Prospective Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Triller ◽  
H. U. Baer ◽  
Livia Geiger ◽  
H. F. Beer ◽  
C. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Pulmonary Shunt ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Activity Distribution ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

SummaryTwenty patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were followed up to 5 years after transarterial radiotherapy with 90Y-resin particles. Diagnostic radioembolizations of 99mTc-macroaggregates facilitated scintigraphic assessment of activity distribution, dose evaluation and final procedural verification. The overall survival rates were 56, 38 and 14% (after 1, 2 and 3 years, resp.). Patients with unifocal HCC and a single feeding artery (n = 7) even presented 83, 67 and 40% (2 alive after 2.75 and 4 years). With multiple arteries (n = 7), the longest survival was 26 months. Patients with multifocal HCC survived up to 33 months after selective radioembolization. Quality of life was improved in all. Survival was positively correlated with absorbed dose but residual/recurrent tumour occurred even after ≥300 Gy. Post-treatment symptoms were minimal (35 applications), pulmonary shunt rates were correctly predicted and pulmonary complications avoided.

Új lehetőségek a refrakter és relabált Hodgkin-lymphomás betegek kezelésében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (45) ◽  
pp. 1824-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
Ádám Jóna ◽  
Zsófia Simon ◽  
Miklós Udvardy ◽  
Zsófia Miltényi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma is a curable lymphoma with an 80–90% long-term survival, however, 30% of the patients develop relapse. Only half of relapsed patients can be cured with autologous stem cell transplantation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze survival rates and incidence of relapses among Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2014. Novel therapeutic options are also summarized. Method: Retrospective analysis of data was performed. Results: A total of 715 patients were treated (382 men and 333 women; median age at the time of diagnosis was 38 years). During the studied period the frequency of relapsed patients was reduced from 24.87% to 8.04%. The numbers of autologous stem cell transplantations was increased among refracter/relapsed patients, and 75% of the patients underwent transplantation since 2000. The 5-year overall survival improved significantly (between 1980 and 1989 64.4%, between 1990 and 1999 82.4%, between 2000 and 2009 88.4%, and between 2010 and 2014 87.1%). Relapse-free survival did not change significantly. Conclusions: During the study period treatment outcomes improved. For relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients novel treatment options may offer better chance for cure. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(45), 1824–1833.

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