scholarly journals Analysis of solar cooker with thermal storage for remote hilly areas: determination of heating and cooling characteristic time

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Raghav ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Maithani ◽  
Alexis Iung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Alternate Solution

Solar cooking finds a major application in rural areas of Uttarakhand, India, yet its utilization is still limited due to certain limitation such as intermittent nature of solar radiations. This drawback limits solar cooker in becoming a viable alternate solution of LPG and other pollution causing resources such as wood. In order to cater this problem a numerical analysis of box type solar cooker with storage is carried out. The energy stored in the storage material will keep the cooker warm up to the time when food is consumed. Charging and discharging time analysis is performed in with an aim to understand the effect of storage on solar cooker. Heating and cooling characteristic time are being evaluated and analysed with storage. Thermal performance of box type solar cooker is measured in terms of figures of merit according to BIS standards. The effect of storage has also been analysed in terms of charging and discharging time and first figure of merit of box type solar cooker.it has been observed that during discharging the heat is stored for more duration as compared to the charging time as discharge time is approx. 4-5 hours while charging time for the same amount of insolation is around 3-4 hours.

scholarly journals A design concept of active cooling for tailored forming workpieces during induction heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Caner-Veli Ince ◽  
Anna Chugreeva ◽  
Christoph Böhm ◽  
Fadi Aldakheel ◽  
Johanna Uhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Cooling Strategy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Temperature Constraint ◽  
Inhomogeneous Temperature ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Tailored Forming

AbstractThe demand for lightweight construction is constantly increasing. One approach to meet this challenge is the development of hybrid components made of dissimilar materials. The use of the hybrid construction method for bulk components has a high potential for weight reduction and increased functionality. However, forming workpieces consisting of dissimilar materials requires specific temperature profiles for achieving sufficient formability. This paper deals with the development of a specific heating and cooling strategy to generate an inhomogeneous temperature distribution in hybrid workpieces. Firstly, the heating process boundaries with regard to temperature parameters required for a successful forming are experimentally defined. Secondly, a design based on the obtained cooling strategy is developed. Next a modelling embedded within an electro-thermal framework provides the basis for a numerical determination of admissible cooling rates to fulfil the temperature constraint. Here, the authors illustrate an algorithmic approach for the optimisation of cooling parameters towards an effective minimum, required for applicable forming processes of tailored forming.

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3154
Author(s):  
Kony Chatterjee ◽  
Tushar K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Recent Attention

Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role–providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles—making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles.

scholarly journals Hematological Features in Sheep with IgG and IgM Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽  
Victoria M. Spanou ◽  
Eleni G. Katsogiannou ◽  
Panagiotis D. Katsoulos
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Exposure of sheep to Borreliaburgdorferi sensulato (s.I.) complex, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), has been reported in tick-abundant areas worldwide, while no data have been reported in Greece. The aim of the study was to identify the hematological alterations in sheep with seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi (s.I.). Blood samples were obtained from 318 tick infested sheep for blood analysis and serological determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against B. burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay after exclusion of endo-ectoparasites and other tick-borne infections. A total number of 162 sheep met the inclusion criteria, allocated in four groups based on the presence or absence of IgG and/or IgM; sheep found negative for IgM and IgG (Group A), positive for IgM (Group B), positive for both IgM and IgG (Group C) and positive for IgG (Group D). Anemia, thrombocytopenia and normal or decreased leukocyte count, mainly due to lymphopenia were the main hematological features observed in seropositive sheep. The presence of these features raises the suspicion of Borrelia infection in tick infested sheep. The seropositivity of 23.58% in sheep raises concerns of Borrelia circulation, especially in rural areas and potential risk of transmission to humans.

scholarly journals The determination of the thermal reliability criterion for building envelope structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Farenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Thermal Reliability ◽  
Thermal Failure ◽  
Reliability Criterion ◽  
Building Operation

The paper presents the basic methodical principles for the time analysis of the variations of envelope structures’ thermal insulation properties and for the substantiation of the thermal reliability criterion, which should allow the analysis of the actual parameters of heat losses during the operation of buildings. In the paper, the state of the envelope structures thermal failure, the concept of building thermal envelope thermal reliability and the principles of its rating are defined. The physical meaning and basic criterion of the envelope structure thermal reliability are formulated. The application of the thermal reliability criterion allows determining the probable variations in the thermal insulation properties during the building operation and, accordingly, the changes of the building energy performance over time.

Community Studies as Formative Evaluations for Citizens

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Marion Dobbert
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Ghost Towns ◽  
General Store ◽  
Rural Depopulation

Evaluation has been defined by Blaine Worthen and J. R. Sanders (1973, Educational Evaluation: Theory and Practice. Worthington, Ohio: C.A. Jones Publishing Company, p. 19) as making a "determination of the worth of a thing." The thought of evaluating a community is one that, at first hearing, is likely to give any anthropologist a cold chill. But actually, communities are evaluated all the time; the evolutionary socioeconomic processes of a region continually, although impersonally, evaluate communities. In the process, some are selected to live and others to die and become ghost towns (or future archaeological discoveries). My region, Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Dakotas, is filled with towns that have been evaluated by this process. While they are not ghost towns, they have been reduced to two road signs announcing their names, a tavern, and a deserted general store. This type of evaluation is occurring through the rural areas of the world. It results in rural depopulation and the demise of rural community forms which have been highly valued historically. We might call this process a summative evaluation of a community—a very final one with little chance of successful appeal.

Determination of the temperature field of a wedge during heating and cooling

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
V. A. Ostaf'ev ◽  
A. A. Chernyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Real-Time Analysis Of In-Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometric Data During Mbe Growth Of III-V Semiconductors

1991 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johs ◽  
J. L. Edwards ◽  
K. T. Shiralagi ◽  
R. Droopad ◽  
K. Y. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Real Time Analysis

ABSTRACTA modular spectroscopic ellipsometer, capable of both in-situ and ex-situ operation, has been used to measure important growth parameters of GaAs/AIGaAs structures. The ex-situ measurements provided layer thicknesses and compositions of the grown structures. In-situ ellipsometric measurements allowed the determination of growth rates, layer thicknesses, and high temperature optical constants. By performing a regression analysis of the in-situ data in real-time, the thickness and composition of an AIGaAs layer were extracted during the MBE growth of the structure.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Kewirausahaan Petani Muda Skala Kecil Berorientasi Pasar

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Gema Wibawa Mukti ◽  
Rani Andriani Budi Kusumo ◽  
Yosini Deliana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Entrepreneurial Characteristics ◽  
Object Of Study

This study aims to identify entrepreneurial characteristics possessed by young farmers. Young farmers who are the object of study are horticulture farmers in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. This study tries to explain the characteristics of farmers in terms of entrepreneurship. This study focuses on young farmers in Cisarua, Parongpong, and Lembang Subdistricts, with land ownership of no more than two hectares (small scale). The determination of the sample is done by a stratified random sampling method. The strata in this study are young farmers under the age of 40 and farming in the sub-sector of horticulture products in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. The next step is to determine the sample in the study as many as 120 farmers. Farmers who play a role as entrepreneurs are not only experts in the production process, but they have visionary results-oriented business managerial skills. The results of the study show that the majority of respondents have moderate (moderate) entrepreneurial characteristics. This is more due to the farming climate in rural areas which is still moderate, not oriented to professionalism and entrepreneurship. However, young farmers have a desire to develop, so that their business processes are different from those of farmers in general, where young farmers are starting to implement professional work methods in their gardens. The entrepreneurial approach has been seen in the way they do business, where they always want to be better, always look for the latest information, create innovations in the garden, apply management in their farming and take risks.

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