scholarly journals The Organized Crime in Western Balkans in the Age of Globalization- Trafficking in Narcotics and Money Laundry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Fidan HALITI
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
State Cooperation ◽  
Inter State

This research addresses the activity of transnational organized crime in the Westerns Balkans region, particularly the activity of trafficking in narcotics and money laundry. This problematic phenomenon is treated on the aspect of newly created circumstances in the age of globalization, where the entire world is facing the transformation in the political and economic aspect - developments that are impacting the field of security as well. In this period, these countries faced institutional fragility, lack of proper capacities in fight against new forms of organized criminality, lack of inter-state cooperation etc. this situation was used as an opportunity by the criminal organizations with their reach in the entire region, creating the so called Balkan Road which is used for trafficking of narcotics towards Western Europe countries. In this research is expressed the amount of narcotics trafficked and illicit profits from this activity, divided by regional countries for the period 2009-2012. This paper argues how transnational organized crime by exploiting the globalization era facilities has adapted to these newly created circumstances and is increasingly exceeding the capabilities of the countries of a traditional organizations and forms of security in responding appropriately. The interstate cooperation aspect and the use of an interactive approach at technical and operational levels is increasingly being considered as a tangible opportunity to deal with this phenomenon. The paper draws conclusions on how the organized crime threats have had influence on security approaches in the Western Balkans as well as pushing the countries towards an inter-state approach in addressing these threats. Security field contemporary literature as well as reports and assessments of various security agencies have been used in drawing research results.

scholarly journals Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana García Pinzón ◽  
Jorge Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spatial Category ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

Transnational Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Giovanna Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transnational Criminal Organizations

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.

scholarly journals Transnational organized crime as a modern phenomenon: definitions and main features

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Olena Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries, neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal - to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.

scholarly journals Transnational organized crime as a destructive phenomenon of globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
Halyna Zharovska
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Informational Influence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the problems associated with the impact of globalization on the state of crime and the factors of modernglobal processes that shape it’s destructive phenomenon – transnational organized crime. The study concluded that globalization ofcrime is now the main trend of it’s criminal transformation; transnational organized crime is a real step towards criminalization of society.Therefore, it is quite reasonable to assert that the formation of a transnational criminal environment is an antipode for a law-abidingsociety. The main factors of criminalization of society include: value-vacuum (weak state and the lack of values in society – this is theworst combination for society and the most advantageous for the progress of crime); informational influence, which justifies and legi -timizes criminal phenomenon; involvement people to the criminal society; instability. Besides improper state development leads to ocial non-adaptability, stratification of society. The modern “globalized progress”, that focused on alleged human values destroys thenormative base by legal, quasi-legal and criminal actions. Such transformation of society is the source for the transformation of organi -zed crime.It is actually nowadays to develop the fundamentally new attitude to the study of transnational crime, – sociocultural attitude,which can be based on such a postulate – the factors of the development of transnational criminal organizations associated with theemergence of appropriate opportunities at the global level.During exploring the transnational organized crime as a phenomenon that paradoxically is created by socio-cultural developmentof human civilization, firstly, it is necessary to understand that this phenomenon is a completely separate segment of crime, which hasit’s own and system characteristics.Secondly, the scientific definition of the features of transnational organized crime should be based on an analysis of it’s systemicinteractions, which will enable to solve the problem of developing and implementing a national and consolidated concept of combatingtransnational organized crime at the international level.

The Fate of the Western Balkans regional security Subcomplex - the Necessity of regional Cooperation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Petar Djukić ◽  
Darko Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Security Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Picture

We refer to the Western Balkans as a regional security subcomplex that is only part of a wider, European complex. It consists of all the states of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, except Slovenia, including Albania. It is a region that had a very turbulent past and which is still, in many ways, specific. Relations between the countries of the Western Balkans are determined by unresolved issues from the past, very intense regional security dynamics, as well as projections of the interests of global powers. However, even in such circumstances, regional cooperation is imperative in the fight against terrorism, illegal migration, transnational organized crime, and other serious threats and challenges to regional security and stability. The paper will present the basic geopolitical and security characteristics of the regional security subcomplex Western Balkans. Based on that, we will be able to get a full picture of the necessity of regional cooperation in the Western Balkans in the light of Euro-Atlantic integration and the construction of a kind of security community in the region.

Modern cyberterrorism as a threat to the world community

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolievich Kotelnikov ◽  
Dmitriy Valerievich Stepanenkov
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
World Community ◽  
State Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Cooperation ◽  
Inter State

On the basis of the system approach, the specifics of various concepts to the definition of the phenomenon of cyberterrorism are revealed. The conclusion that modern cyberterrorism aimed at threatening international and state security is one of the effective levers for achieving political goals on the world stage is argued. Modern cyberterrorism in its scale, technical capabilities and consequences can be put in line with traditional terrorism and organized crime with full confidence. Through comprehensive analysis, topical problems of countering computer terrorism in modern society have been identified. Priority forms of inter-State cooperation have been justified, as well as the necessary measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of the fight against cyberterrorism have been identified.

scholarly journals Frontera colombo-ecuatoriana: gobernanza criminal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Anthony Álvarez Durán
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Border Population

Criminal governance is a new object on the Colombian security-related investigation agenda. In Colombia, the constant presence of illegal groups affects regions far from urban centers. Based on the foregoing, the State has been supplanted in territorial control affecting binational ethnic communities on the border between Colombia and Ecuador. Empirical evidence shows that since the signing of the peace agreement in 2016, the presence of criminal governments defined by Lessing (2019) as the governance of criminal actors over populations within an economy, ethnic group or territory, has been increasing. The objective of this research proposal is to determine the factors that converge within the new dynamics of transnational organized crime after the FARC. To this end, the tentative question is the following: How is the relationship between regional and extra-regional criminal governments on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border configured with ethnic communities between 2016 and 2019? For methodological purposes, a review of the literature will be made under the conceptual framework of ‘criminal government’ proposed by Benjamin Lessing (2019). Indeed, analyzes of the border have been able to determine that the area is of strategic importance for criminal organizations. These groups are not exclusively dedicated to drug trafficking, but also to human trafficking, extortion, and fuel smuggling, factors by which criminal organizations compete or cooperate for control of the area through legitimacy within the border population.

BASIC PROSTITUTION ORGANIZATIONS TYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2091-2100
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Hristo Bonev
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
System Management ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Sexual Services

This article outlines the three main prostitution organization types as well as hierarchical structures in criminal organizations dealing with human trafficking, prostitution and sexual exploitation. Several major categories of personages are directly involved in organized crime groups. The main indicators for assessing the prostitution prevention are defined and the principles for system management and management are justified. The three factors of prostitution management - psychological, social and financial - are outlined. An evaluation of the prostitution market has been carried out and the functions of the domestic and external markets for paid sex are described. The data provided gives us a reason to assume that the consumption of sexual services is increasing.

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