scholarly journals Evaluating the High-Tech Industries in the Progressive Structure of the Economy of the World Countries and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (512) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
V. Y. Khaustova ◽  
◽  
O. I. Reshetnyak ◽  
H. V. Kramarev ◽  
Y. M. Kriachko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Export Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Structural Shifts

The article is aimed at defining and evaluating the place of high-tech industries in the progressive structure of the economy of the world countries and Ukraine. Research methods: structural analysis, graphical analysis, analysis of structural shifts, cluster analysis. A structural analysis of the economy of Ukraine and OECD countries is carried out in terms of gross output, gross value added and the share of GVA in terms of output in four sectors: agriculture, hunting, forestry and fisheries; industry, including energy industry; construction; in general with regard to the service sector. A further structural analysis of the processing industry of Ukraine compared to OECD countries is carried out. A rating of the world countries is carried out by the share of costs for R&D in the field of production of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceuticals; production of computers, electronic and optical products; production of aerospace equipment. The positioning of the the world countries is made in the quadrants of the matrix in the coordinate plane of «Share of costs for the R&D of high-tech sectors of the economy and GVA per capita». Structural shifts in research and development costs in high-tech sectors of both the OECD and Ukrainian economies are computed. The structure of the export market of high-tech sectors of the economy is analyzed and Ukraine’s place in this market is evaluated. The carried out cluster analysis allowed to divide the world countries into groups taking into account the data by the following indicators: share of costs for the R&D in the pharmaceutical industry; share of costs for the R&D in the computer, electronic and optical industry; share of costs for the R&D in the aerospace industry; share of costs for R&D in the service sector; share of the export market of the pharmaceutical industry and GVA per capita. Ukraine entered the cluster, whose countries have such a costs structure for R&D in high-tech sectors of the economy, which does not provide a high level of GVA per capita. Recommendations on the development of high-tech industries of Ukraine in order to increase the socio-economic development of the country are provided.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN BRAZIL AND THE 30 MOST INNOVATIVE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Moser ◽  
Mauri Aparecido de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Workplace Organization ◽  
The World

Innovation can be defined as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or a process, a new marketing method, a new organizational  method in business practices, workplace organization, or external relations. This innovation can be measured by several factors such as investments in research and development, the concentration of high-tech companies traded on the stock exchange, among others. The present study aims to perform a cluster analysis to investigate the behavior of the most innovative countries when compared to Brazil. The study contemplates a historical series from the years 2012 to 2015 of the 30 most innovative countries in the world having been added to Brazil. In addition, a series of macroeconomic, political and social variables.

scholarly journals Comparison between Brazil and the 30 Most Innovative Countries in the World

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Moser ◽  
Mauri Aparecido de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Pereira Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Workplace Organization ◽  
The World

Innovation can be defined as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or a process, a new marketing method, a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization, or external relations. This innovation can be measured by several factors such as investments in research and development, the concentration of high-tech companies traded on the stock exchange, among others. The present study aims to perform a cluster analysis to investigate the behavior of the most innovative countries compared to Brazil. The study contemplates a historical series from the years 2012 to 2015 of the 30 most innovative countries in the world having been added to Brazil. In addition, a series of macroeconomic, political and social variables are considered.

scholarly journals Start-Up Nation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Fraiberg
Keyword(s):  
Technical Communication ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Actor Networks ◽  
Coworking Spaces ◽  
Start Ups

This study focuses on start-up entrepreneurs on the move—in coordination with an array of other actors—as they weave and are woven into transnational networks. Central to this study is a shift from activity to mobility systems. Building on technical communication scholarship, the frame integrates actor networks and activity theory knotworks. Disrupting workplace and national container models (methodological nationalism), the analysis is grounded in a study of Israeli start-up entrepreneurs. Dubbed the Start-Up Nation, Israel contains more start-ups per capita than any other country in the world, with its high-tech industry made up of a dense ecosystem of conferences, accelerators, meetups, social media, and coworking spaces. Tracing actants’ trajectories across this social field, the author argues for a conceptualization of entrepreneurs as knotworkers who mobilize genres, modes, languages, and spaces.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE WORLD VALUE SURVEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
Andriy Maksymuk ◽  
Nataliya Kuzenko
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This article highlights the impact of values on the country’s welfare. Values that are quite constant over a long period of time form an institutional framework within the country. They can contribute to economic development or even prevent it. The aim of the article is to explore, what is the influence of social values, democracy and trade on welfare levels in different counties. The hypothesis is that the dominance in society of secular-rational values and the values of self-expression, democracy and trade (openness to the world) have a positive effect on the level of welfare of countries. The empirical part of the paper is based on the comparative analysis of relationship between GDP per capita and four values such as tolerance and respect, obedience, trust and freedom of choice for two waves of WVS – 2005-2009 and 2010-2014. Using correlation and regression analysis, the relationships between these indicators were evaluated. These values have a positive impact on welfare in OECD countries, some countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa with middle income per capita. However, there is a negative relationship between obedience and GDP per capita. This value is more important for some African and Asian countries and India. The relationship between GDP per capita and the aggregate value index showed a strong positive correlation for OECD countries. Then the regression model was estimated to assess the impact of values, trade and level of democracy on welfare growth and development. The results of the regression analysis showed a significant effect of the aggregated value indicator for all six samples, but this effect is weaker for high-income countries. The effect of the level of democracy is significant and positive only for the sub-sample of democratic countries, while it is negative for high-income countries. The effect of the level of trade on GDP per capita is statistically significant for the sample of all countries, the sub-sample of non-democratic countries and the sub-sample of high income and upper-middle income countries. Thus, we conclude that the institutional factors (the values and the level of democracy) are important determinants of GDP per capita for democratic countries while for non-democratic countries trade is more important.

scholarly journals Assessment and analysis of innovative activities of high-tech industries in the digital economy based on the cluster approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 1344-1354
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Trofimov ◽  
Vladislav Genrihovich Frolov ◽  
Elena Zuferovna Klimova ◽  
Nina Mikhaylovna Ilyicheva ◽  
Marina Vladimirovna Kislinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of digitalization of the economies of various countries of the world by dividing them into groups according to the level of digitalization of the economy through cluster analysis methods using a model for the development of high-tech industries. The following analysis methods were used during the analysis: a comparative approach in the analysis of approaches to the concept of "digital economy" by Russian and foreign authors, statistical analysis of indicators of the development of the digital economy of Russia and the countries of the world, cluster analysis in dividing the countries of the world into separate groups according to the level of development of the digital economy, morphological analysis and synthesis in the formation of the optimal structure of high-tech industries to increase the level of digitalization of the Russian economy, tabular and graphical methods to illustrate the results obtained. The result of the study is the formation of clusters of countries in the world according to the level of development of the digital economy and the application of a model for the development of high-tech industries in the country to increase the level of digitalization.

scholarly journals India's pharmaceutical industry: hype or high tech take-off?

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Malhotra ◽  
Hans Lofgren
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Competitive Strength ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

India has built a large pharmaceutical industry through an array of measures in support of domestic firms. The absence of product patents enabled Indian companies to become world leading producers of generic versions of patented drugs. Low costs and a strong engineering tradition continue to sustain competitive strength. The implementation of the World Trade Organization patent regime in 2005 is driving a transformation of the industry. Key elements of the present shake-up include the return of ?big pharma? companies on a large scale and the emergence of several Indian firms that aim to become fullyfledged research-based multinationals. This article provides a description of the development and structure of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and explores questions and challenges arising from its integration into global markets.

Taxes and bribes: assessing the extraction burden in orderly and disorderly societies

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL TARSCHYS
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Push Up

Countries with a low GDP per capita generally have a much lower fiscal quota than OECD countries, but many other factors push up the transaction costs in poor economies. High-tax societies provide more security, predictability and organizational discipline. The absence of such conditions is a powerful breeding-ground for corruption. If fiscal payments and bribes are added up to arrive at a composite measure of the ‘extraction burden’ in different countries, we might find that the costs of doing business do not diverge so much in various parts of the world.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to the use of the law of inertia in the development of socio-economic systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (3) ◽  
pp. 032047
Author(s):  
N A Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Accelerated Motion ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets

Abstract The relevance of the proposed study is due to the application of Newton’s laws on the determination of speed and acceleration, which reflects the establishment of the actual specific weights of production factors by phases (stages) of the economies’ development of the countries in the world. By applying the laws of physics, the simplest methods have been developed for decomposing the absolute growth of GDP per capita, according to the factors that determine it. A model of economic growth is determined, which is similar in content to Newton’s first law of measuring the paths traveled with uniformly accelerated motion of matter. By calculation, the forecast parameters of the Russian economy can be determined, which determine the GDP per capita until 2030. At the same time, the basic factors of development (45%), investment in fixed assets (35%) and innovative (20%) remain the main factor in the development of global competitiveness in Russia. To do this, you need to gain the proper acceleration. We propose a new approach for assessing the economic stability of socio-economic systems, based on taking into account the mutual influence of the elements of large systems on each other. The novelty of the research lies in the use of the laws of inertia in the development of the economy, since the existing forecasting activity does not provide for obtaining promising changes in the volume and structure of the forecast. As the competitiveness of the countries of the world develops, the share of basic factors such as labor, capital and natural resources decreases significantly (from 50% in the first stage to 40% in the second, and up to 30% in the third stage of economic development). In the stage of high-tech development of the countries in the world, the proportion of factors of innovative development grows up to 30% comparing with 10% in the first two stages of its development. To illustrate the applied value, Newton’s second law was applied as an alternative method for preliminary estimation of the specific weights of three groups of production factors.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN FAKTOR PENENTU EKSPOR KOMODITAS UNGGULAN INDONESIA KE ORGANISASI KERJASAMA ISLAM (OKI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deki Sunardi ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Organization of Islamic Cooperation or OIC is an association of Islamic countries in the world which is made up of 57 countries, including Indonesia. OIC has great potential as a destination for the export market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian exports to OIC and determinants that influence it. Competitiveness of commodities analyzed using the RCA, IIT and EPD, while the determinants of export using the gravity model analysis. The results showed that 86,7 percent from fifteen commodities that have the largest export value had RCA more than one and seven commodity have market position as rising star, but from IIT analysis showed that integration of economics still not strong enough. Factors that influence a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's commodity exports to OIC are per capita income, real exchange rate and a common language, while the negative effects are the gdp per capita difference, economic distance and tarrif. Key words: RCA, IIT, EPD, Gravity Model

Research of Strategic Global Development Trends and Competitiveness in the World Pharmaceutical Industry

2015 ◽  
pp. 390-401
Author(s):  
Dragan Kesic
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Products ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The World

In this chapter, the authors analyze strategic global development trends and competitiveness in the world pharmaceutical industry. They find some most significant characteristics of the world pharmaceutical industry, which greatly influence the global development in this “high-tech” industrial sector. The global pharmaceutical industry has been consolidating over the past 30 years. According to the research, the main strategic reasons for the intensive consolidation processes in the world pharmaceutical industry include the following: lack of new products to drive sales growth, huge investments needed for R&D activities to develop new products, fast globalization processes of the global economy, global marketing and sales activities that need large investments, and changed structure of competitors created by M&A strategies and consolidation processes. The concentration process, which is still going on, has created many new phramaceutical players; however, some previously well-known pharmaceutical firms have disappeared from the global marketplace.

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