GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE IN SOME SELECTED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

Gravimetric Analysis as one of the Analytical method for the Quantitative Determination of sulphate ions from aqueous media being the most simplest, rapid and low-cost method. This study evaluates some selected parameters and the results were compared with some regulatory standard; Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) in Nigeria and the World Health Organization. The Concentration of the selected industrial effluent was determined using the aforementioned method. The values of Density, TSS and TS were in the range of 0.950 g/ml – 0.976 g/ml, 67 ppm – 2051 ppm and 728 mg/L- 2700 mg/L respectively. While the percentage of sulphate obtained from each sample were 14.65%, 7.35%, 6.19, 17.93% and 29.01% for NASCO, DANA, KRPC, NILEST and KCV respectively. A new technological treatment process is recommended for these industries to provide good ways on waste management that are economically viable.

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Study of Well Waters from High-Level Natural Radiation Areas in Northern Vietnam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 469

Author(s):

Van-Hao Duong ◽

Thanh-Duong Nguyen ◽

Miklos Hegedus ◽

Erika Kocsis ◽

Tibor Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Natural Radionuclide ◽

World Health ◽

Natural Radiation ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Northern Vietnam ◽

Health Organization ◽

High Level ◽

Radiological Hazard Indices ◽

Well Waters

The determination of natural radionuclide concentrations plays an important role for assuring public health and in the estimation of the radiological hazards. This is especially true for high level radiation areas. In this study, 226Ra, 228Ra and 238U concentrations were measured in well waters surrounding eight of the high-level natural radiation areas in northern Vietnam. The 226Ra, 228Ra and 238U activity concentrations vary from <1.2 × 10−3–2.7 (0.46), <2.6 × 10−3–0.43 (0.07) and <38 × 10−3–5.32 Bq/L (0.50 of median), respectively. 226Ra and 238U isotopes in most areas are in equilibrium, except for the DT-Thai Nguyen area. The calculated radiological hazard indices are generally higher than WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations. Average annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk values due to drinking well water range from to 130 to 540 μSv/year and 7.4 × 10−6 to 3.1 × 10−5, respectively.

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IoT and Deep Learning Based Approach for Rapid Screening and Face Mask Detection for Infection Spread Control of COVID-19

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3495

Author(s):

Shabir Hussain ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Muhammad Ayoub ◽

Akmal Khan ◽

Rukhshanda Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Low Cost ◽

Face Mask ◽

World Health ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Screening System ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

The Face ◽

Health Organization ◽

Vaccine Distribution

The spread of COVID-19 has been taken on pandemic magnitudes and has already spread over 200 countries in a few months. In this time of emergency of COVID-19, especially when there is still a need to follow the precautions and developed vaccines are not available to all the developing countries in the first phase of vaccine distribution, the virus is spreading rapidly through direct and indirect contacts. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides the standard recommendations on preventing the spread of COVID-19 and the importance of face masks for protection from the virus. The excessive use of manual disinfection systems has also become a source of infection. That is why this research aims to design and develop a low-cost, rapid, scalable, and effective virus spread control and screening system to minimize the chances and risk of spread of COVID-19. We proposed an IoT-based Smart Screening and Disinfection Walkthrough Gate (SSDWG) for all public places entrance. The SSDWG is designed to do rapid screening, including temperature measuring using a contact-free sensor and storing the record of the suspected individual for further control and monitoring. Our proposed IoT-based screening system also implemented real-time deep learning models for face mask detection and classification. This module classified individuals who wear the face mask properly, improperly, and without a face mask using VGG-16, MobileNetV2, Inception v3, ResNet-50, and CNN using a transfer learning approach. We achieved the highest accuracy of 99.81% while using VGG-16 and the second highest accuracy of 99.6% using MobileNetV2 in the mask detection and classification module. We also implemented classification to classify the types of face masks worn by the individuals, either N-95 or surgical masks. We also compared the results of our proposed system with state-of-the-art methods, and we highly suggested that our system could be used to prevent the spread of local transmission and reduce the chances of human carriers of COVID-19.

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Fullerene Derivatives (CN-[OH]β) and Carbon Nanotubes Modelled as Transporters for Doxorubicin Drug in Cancer Therapy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-931671/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hakim AL Garalleh

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Medical Model ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

World Health ◽

Fullerene Derivative ◽

Fullerene Derivatives ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Carbon nanomaterials have received increasing attention in drug delivery applications because of their distinct properties and structures, including large surface areas, high conductivity, low solubility in aqueous media, unique chemical functionalities and stability at the nano-scale size. Particularly, they have been used as nano-carriers and mediators for anticancer drugs such as, combination with Cisplatin, Camptothecin and Doxorubicin. Cancer has become the most challenging disease because its sophisticated therapy and classified as one of the top killers according to the World health organization records. The aim of the current work is to study and investigate the mechanism of combination between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the fullerene derivatives (C N -[OH] β ) as mediators, and anticancer drugs for photodynamic therapy directly to destroy the infected cells without damaging the normal ones. Here, we obtain a bio-medical model to determine the efficiency of usefulness of Doxorubicin (DOX) as an antitumor agent conjugated with SWCNTs with variant radii r and fullerene derivative (C N -[OH] β ). The two sub-models are obtained mathematically to evaluate the potential energy arising from the DOX-SWCNT and DOX-(C N -[OH] β ) interactions. DOX modelled as two-connected spheres, small and large, each interacting with different SWCNTs (variant radii r ) and fullerene derivatives C N -[OH] β , forming based on the number of carbon atoms (N) and the number of Hydroxide molecules (OH) ( β ), respectively.

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HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18103423 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 3423 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shrikant Warkad ◽

Satish Nimse ◽

Keum-Soo Song ◽

Taisun Kim

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

World Health ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Infected People ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

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LEVELS OF PERSONAL MATURITY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN UNIVERSITY

Sport Science and Human Health ◽

10.28925/2664-2069.2020.1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Valentyn Savchenko ◽

Нalyna Kharchenko ◽

Olga Buriak ◽

Iryna Omeri ◽

Jevgenija Nevedomsjka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Religious Beliefs ◽

World Health ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Internal Development ◽

Inner World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Senior Students ◽

Junior Students

Introduction. Maturity of personality, their inner world plays a substantial role in health development. For a reason, following the definition by the World Health Organization spirituality is one of human health components. Still, the level of personal maturity of an adult does not always comply with their age and can be lower. Aim is to determine the levels of personal maturity (internal development) of the humanitarian university students and to identify the peculiarities of their distribution depending on gender, duration of studying, specialty, confession of faith, and attitude to religion. Material and methods. 207 students of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, average age of the surveyed 19.46 ± 2.12. There were 105 males (50.7%), and 102 females (49.3%). For determination of the levels of personal maturity the questionnaire by Jose Stevens was implemented. There were 5 levels specificated: «baby», «junior», «teen», «young man/woman», and «adult». Results. Among the humanitarian university students of the specialties «physical therapy, ergotherapy» and «physical education and sports», in 62.8% (130/207) cases high levels of personal maturity were identified, in 32.4% (67/207) cases there were low levels. Among one fifth of the students (19.8%; 41/207) the combinations of several levels of personal maturity were identified. It was indicative of the youth’s failure to having an integral idea of their inner world and spirituality. The female students were more internally developed than the male ones, which was indicative of statistically substantial predominance of high levels of personal maturity among them — 66.7%; 68/102 (among the males — 48.6%; 51/105). Ideas of personal maturity among the senior students (the 4th and 5th years of studies) were more accomplished than the ones of the junior students (the 1st and 2nd years of studies). Following religious traditions both by the holders of religious beliefs and not, led to development of higher levels of personal maturity compared to those students not following religious traditions. Conclusions. One third of the humanitarian university students have low level of personal maturity (internal development). According to the level of personal maturity, females prevail over males. The students following religious traditions (the holders of religious beliefs and not) are more internally developed than those not following such traditions.

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HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.

Marine Research in Indonesia ◽

10.14203/mri.v26i1.407 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Horas Hutagalung ◽

Suwirma Syamsu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

World Health ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Zn Content ◽

Standard Set ◽

Health Organization

Determination of heavy metal content (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from Muara Angke Fish Auction Place were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed that Zn content in seafoods a nalyzed was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of the six heavy metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of other seafoods observed in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower than the maximum standard set for human consumption as established by Tasmania, Australia and World Health Organization. The mean per capita consumption of fish in Jakarta is only about 165 g per week, while the Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp. Therefore, at present the level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI Muara Angke can be considered as not dangerous to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.

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Development of a polystyrene latex-based reagent for rheumatoid factor detection

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2015-0238 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 239-243

Author(s):

Grisel Marrero ◽

Lilian P. Delgado ◽

Humberto Caroll ◽

Neise Ortiz ◽

Alexis Musacchio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

Total Surface Area ◽

Polystyrene Latex ◽

World Health ◽

Human Sera ◽

Reference Preparation ◽

Health Organization ◽

Blood Fraction

Abstract A rapid, specific and sensible polystyrene latex-based reagent has been developed to detect rheumatoid factor (RF) in human sera. Detection of RF is one of the criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis. RF includes immunoglobulins IgG, IgM or IgA targeting human-IgG Fc region, found in sera of 70–90% of patients with RA. Spherical, clean polystyrene particles of 480±80 nm with a Z-potential of -28 mV were synthesized. Purified gamma-globulin human blood fraction, used as IgG source, was adsorbed on particles in glycine-buffered saline with a fivefold excess of the immunoglobulins needed to saturate the calculated total surface area of the particles. The reagent was calibrated against the World Health Organization international serum reference preparation and tested with commercial positive and negative RF controls. Reactivity of the developed diagnostic reagent with human sera, either positive or negative for RF, was evaluated. The sera were tested both intact and following complement inactivation. When complement-inactivated sera were used, our reagent showed 100% coincidence of results with a commercial diagnostic kit of specificity of 80% and sensibility of 93%. The in-house reagent developed in the present work is easy to prepare and at relatively low cost, making it ideal for RF detection in low-income settings.

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Adaptation and validation for Colombia of the WHO safe childbirth checklist

10.25100/cm.v49i3.2710 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 201-212

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Amaya Arias ◽

Óscar Zuluaga ◽

Douglas Idárraga ◽

Javier Hernando Eslava Schmalbach

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Health Workers ◽

Low Cost ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Neonatal Care ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Safe Childbirth Checklist ◽

Health Organization ◽

Safe Childbirth

Introduction: Most maternal deaths that occur in developing countries are considered unfair and can be avoided. In 2008, The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a checklist for childbirth care, in order to assess whether a simple, low-cost intervention had an impact on maternal and neonatal mortality in low-income countries. Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the content of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) for its use in Colombia Methods: The checklist was translated and adapted to the Colombian context. It was subsequently validated by a panel of experts composed of 17 health workers with experience in maternal and neonatal care and safety. Reliability among judges was estimated (Rwg) and items were modified or added to each section of the list according to the results. Results: Modifications were made to 28 items, while 19 new items were added, and none was removed. The most important modifications were made to the management guidelines included in each item, and the items added refer to risks inherent to our environment. Conclusion: The Colombian version of the SCC will be a useful tool to improve maternal and neonatal care and thereby contribute to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in our country.

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Participation in the World Health Organization

International Organizations Law Review ◽

10.1163/15723747-01602003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 261-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven A. Solomon ◽

Claudia Nannini

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Global Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Regional Level ◽

World Health ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Collaborative Efforts

Participation in the World Health Organization (WHO) is a multifaceted matter and should be understood as not only referring to the governance of WHO, but also to its scientific and technical work as well as its collaborative efforts towards advancing global public health more generally. The article is concerned, in particular, with the legal and political framework surrounding attendance and participation of states and various entities in the governing bodies of the Organization, at the global and regional level. It shows that participation in the governance of WHO is still today a domain reserved to the determination of its Member States. At the same time, solutions have been found and continued efforts are necessary to take into account geopolitical considerations and to ensure a meaningful and inclusive participation of all relevant actors in global health discussions.

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Development of improved low-cost ceramic water filters for viral removal in the Haitian context

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2014.121 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 28-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Guerrero-Latorre ◽

M. Rusiñol ◽

A. Hundesa ◽

M. Garcia-Valles ◽

S. Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Virus Removal ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Reductive Atmosphere ◽

Health Organization ◽

Water Filters

Household-based water treatment (HWT) is increasingly being promoted to improve water quality and, therefore, health status in low-income countries. Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are used in many regions as sustainable HWT and have been proven to meet World Health Organization (WHO) microbiological performance targets for bacterial removal (2–4 log); however, the described viral removal efficiencies are insufficient to significantly reduce the associated risk of viral infection. With the objective of improving the viral removal efficiencies of ceramic water filters, new prototypes with different oxide compositions and firing atmospheres have been developed and evaluated. For removal efficiencies human adenoviruses, MS2 bacteriophage and Escherichia coli were quantified in all prototypes. A new model of CWF that was fired in a reductive atmosphere presented virus and bacteria removal efficiencies greater than 3.0 log and 2.5 log, respectively, which would fulfill the viral targets that are recommended by the WHO. Ceramic characterization of the selected filters, which were fired in a reductive atmosphere, showed that a larger specific surface area than those of control filters and higher fraction of a positive Z-potential fraction are the most likely explanations for this increase in virus removal.

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