scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE DRYING METHOD ON THE QUALITY AND DRYING CHARACTERISTIC OF MINT LEAVES (Mentha spicata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
S. K. Shittu ◽  
M. I. Shehu ◽  
J. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The People ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Mint leaves are vegetables used for tea especially in the northern part of Nigerian because of their nutritional and medicinal values. Fresh mint leaves are perishable and to extend their shelf-life drying the leaves is a common practice among the people. The application of a proper drying method is essential to preserve its nutritional and medicinal values. Lack of information on the drying characteristic that could be used for the design of its dryers is a major bottleneck in its processing. This accounts for the poor colour, taste, flavour of dried mint leaves found in the market.In this study, three methods were used to dry mint leaves, sun, oven and shade drying methods. Proximate analyses were carried out on the samples dried with the three methods. Samples drying characteristics were investigated using an oven at 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. The results show that the drying method significantly affected all the proximate compositions at 5% level. Shade drying has the highest crude protein and ash contents of 7.74% and 8.48% respectively. Carbohydrates were more (30.13%) when open sun drying was employed. Oven drying favoured lowest moisture content of 7.20%, highest crude fiber of 49.34% and highest crude fat contents of 9.22%. To dry mint leaves to equilibrium moisture content, it took 140 min for samples at a drying temperature of 40 °C, 120 min at 50 °C, 90 min at 60 °C and 70 min for 70 °C. Drying of the leaves occurred in a falling rate period.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deli Lilia ◽  
Nurhayati - Damiri ◽  
Zulkarnain Muhammad ◽  
Mulawarman Mulawarman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Asphalt Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

Abstract. Lilia D, Damiri N, Zulkarnain M, Mulawarman. 2021. Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1037-1042. South Ogan Komering Ulu District is a Robusta coffee-producing area in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two drying methods on reducing the moisture content of coffee beans by comparing beans dried on tarpaulin and on asphalt roads. The study also assessed the diversity and percentage of fungal contaminants found in coffee beans from each drying method (including OTA-producing fungi). Data was obtained from May until July 2020 from surveys, interviews and samples collected from 30 farmers drying on tarpaulin and 30 farmers drying on the asphalt. The results showed that the moisture content was higher after drying on tarpaulin (13.97% ± 0.55) than on the asphalt road (11.68% ± 0.40). Furthermore, 13 different types of fungi were found for the coffee beans drying on the tarpaulin and 10 types of fungi for those drying on asphalt. In the two methods of drying, it was found that two types of fungi namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus were potential of producing ochratoxin A (OTA). At the drying on tarpaulin was found mix of more than 93.3% A.niger and A. ochraceus, meanwhile at the drying on asphalt were found mix of more than 90% A.niger and A.ochraceus respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of Drying Patterns of Radish Slabs under Different Drying Methods Using Hyperspectral Imaging Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyoung Lee ◽  
Santosh Lohumi ◽  
Byoung-Kwan Cho ◽  
Seung Hyun Lee ◽  
Hyunmo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air

Drying kinetics and the moisture distribution map of radish slabs under different drying methods (hot-air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MD), and hot-air and microwave combination drying (HMCD)) were determined and visualized by hyperspectral image (HSI) processing coupled with a partial least square regression (PLSR)-variable importance in projection (VIP) model, respectively. Page model was the most suitable in describing the experimental moisture loss data of radish slabs regardless of the drying method. Dielectric properties (DP, ε ) of radish slices decreased with the decrease in moisture content (MC) during MD, and the penetration depth of microwaves in radish was between 0.81 and 1.15 cm. The PLSR-VIP model developed with 38 optimal variables could result in the high prediction accuracies for both the calibration ( R c a l 2 = 0.967 and RMSEC = 4.32 % ) and validation ( R v a l 2 = 0.962 and RMSEC = 4.45 % ). In visualized drying patterns, the radish slabs dried by HAD had a higher moisture content at the center than at the edges; however, the samples dried by MD contained higher moisture content at the edges. The nearly uniform drying pattern of radish slabs under HMCD was observed in hyperspectral images. Drying uniformity of radish slabs could be improved by the combination drying method, which significantly reduces drying time.

scholarly journals The Influence of Drying Temperatures and Methods on the Drying Characteristics of ‘IkanBakar’ Paste

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman ◽  
Mohd Tarmizan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Drying Curve

Drying is one of the popular preservation methods in food products. This work was done to investigate the influence of the drying temperatures and methods on the drying characteristics of ‘ikanbakar’ paste. The ‘ikanbakar’ paste was dried by using oven drying and vacuum drying methods at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. The drying rate was estimated from the moisture content and drying time data. The drying curve showed the falling rate period as the drying rate decreased with increasing time. For colour analysis of the paste, the L* values from the oven drying method were lower than those from the vacuum drying method, ranging from 7.4210 to 7.2752. This showed that the colour of paste from oven drying was darker than vacuum drying. The mathematical models used to describe the drying curve of ‘ikanbakar’ paste were Lewis, Page, Two-term, and Midilliet. al. model. The performance of these models was evaluated by comparing their root mean square error (RSME) and chi-square (X²) values, and it was found that the most suitable model was the Two-term model. There were insignificant differences between the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) values for the ‘ikanbakar’ paste in both drying methods.

scholarly journals Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosin Somorin ◽  
Samuel Getahun ◽  
Santiago Septien ◽  
Ian Mabbet ◽  
Athanasios Kolios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Isothermal Drying ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Background: Drying is an important step for the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, but it is energy-intensive for treating highly moist materials. Methods: To inform the thermal treatment of faecal sludge (FS), this study investigated the drying characteristics and kinetics of various faecal wastes using thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal heating conditions. Results: The findings show that FS from anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines exhibit similar drying characteristics, with maximum drying rates at 0.04 mg/min during a constant rate period that is followed by a distinct falling rate period. On the contrary, fresh human faeces (HF) and FS from urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDT) exhibited a falling rate period regime with no prior or intermittent constant rate periods. The absence of constant rate period in these samples suggested limited amounts of unbound water that can be removed by dewatering and vice versa for VIP and ABR faecal sludges. The activation energies and effective moisture diffusivity for the sludges varied from 20 to 30 kJ/mol and 3∙10-7 to 1∙10-5 m2/s at 55°C and sludge thickness of 3mm. The Page model was consistent in modelling the different sludges across all temperatures. Conclusions: These results presented in this study can inform the design and development of innovative drying methods for FS treatment.

scholarly journals Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of human faecal sludges

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tosin Somorin ◽  
Samuel Getahun ◽  
Santiago Septien ◽  
Ian Mabbet ◽  
Athanasios Kolios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Isothermal Drying ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Background: Drying is an important step for the thermochemical conversion of solid fuels, but it is energy-intensive for treating highly moist materials. Methods: To inform the thermal treatment of faecal sludge (FS), this study investigated the drying characteristics and kinetics of various faecal wastes using thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal heating conditions. Results: The findings show that FS from the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIP) exhibit similar drying characteristics, with maximum drying rates at 0.04 mg/min during a constant rate period that is followed by a distinct falling rate period. On the contrary, fresh human faeces (HF) and FS from urine diversion dry toilets (UDDT) exhibited a falling rate period regime with no prior or intermittent constant rate periods. The absence of a constant rate period in these samples suggested limited amounts of unbound water that can be removed by dewatering and vice versa for VIP and ABR faecal sludges. The activation energies and effective moisture diffusivity for the sludges varied from 28 to 36 kJ/mol and 1.7·10-7 to 10·10-7 m2/s at 55°C and sludge thickness of 3mm. The Page model was consistent in modelling the different sludges across all temperatures. Conclusions: These results presented in this study can inform the design and development of innovative drying methods for FS treatment.

Hot Air Drying and Vacuum Drying Characteristics of Scarlet Runner Beans

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Muramatsu ◽  
Eiichiro Sakaguchi ◽  
Takahiro Orikasa ◽  
Akio Tagawa
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract The drying characteristics and volume changes of scarlet runner beans were measured under various conditions to obtain useful basic information for the optimum drying method and conditions. The sample was dried using two drying methods: hot air drying and vacuum drying. The measured changes in moisture content of the sample with the hot air drying process were in good agreement with the exact solution of the infinite plane sheet model. The estimated diffusion coefficients were 3.8×10 -7 -7.4×10 -7 (m 2 h -1) for hot air drying and were related to absolute temperature by an Arrhenius-type equation. The hull of the scarlet runner bean is hard and thick, and the drying rate of the sample was much slower than that of other beans. To establish an efficient drying method without the quality loss, the vacuum drying characteristics of the sample were measured at several levels for temperature and initial moisture content. For the vacuum drying process, an exponential model could be used to estimate the changes in moisture content of the sample. The values of diffusion coefficient for vacuum drying were approximately twice as much as the values of diffusion coefficient for hot air drying at the same temperature. The effects of drying method, temperature, and initial moisture content on the sample quality were investigated, and the optimum drying method and conditions for scarlet runner beans were proposed. Volumetric changes in the sample were determined by measuring particle density. The specific volume of the sample was represented as a linear function of moisture content.

scholarly journals Effect of drying methods on the chemical composition, colour, functional and pasting properties of plantain (Musa parasidiaca) flour

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbemisola Jamiu Fadimu ◽  
Lateef Oladimeji Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Pasting Temperature

The demand for plantain flour has increased in recent years due to its health benefits and industrial applications and information on the effect of drying methods on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of plantain flour in literature is limited. This present study was conducted to determine the effect of drying methods on the chemical, colour, functional and pasting properties of plantain flour were investigated. The results revealed that drying methods significantly (p<0.05) affected all the parameters studied. The moisture content of the flours ranged between 8.18 – 11.50%, fibre 2.56 – 3.21%, ash 3.00 – 3.30% and carbohydrate 76.18 – 80.49%. The L* of the samples ranged between 95.90 – 96.98, while the peak viscosity ranged between 432.04 - 461.37 RVU, final viscosity 320.40 – 484.58 RVU and pasting temperature 81.25 – 83.20°C across the drying methods used. Bulk density values varied between 0.68 – 0.70g/ml, WAC between 115.5 – 149.8%, OAC between 110.55 – 115.55% and swelling power 31.85 – 3.54%. Determination of suitable drying method is necessary for production of good quality plantain flour and the result suggest that any drying method could be used to produce good quality plantain flour.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN SIMPLISIA TERHADAP KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN WEDANG UWUH

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Made Aditya Dharma ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽  
Ni Luh Ari Yusasrini
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This research aims to determine the effect of drying method the antioxidant capacity of wedang uwuh and to obtain the highest antioxidant capacity of wedang uwuh. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four parameters of drying methods there are sun-drying, air-drying, greenhouse and oven, which were repeated four times. Therewere many parameters analyzed in this research such as water content, antioxidant capacity, total phenol and sensoryincluding color, aroma, taste and overall acceptance. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's (DMRT) (? = 5%). The results showed that the drying method had a significant effect on the water content, antioxidant capacity and total phenol of wedang uwuh, but did not significantly affect to the sensory results. Air-drying method produced wedang uwuh with the highest antioxidant capacity of 63,63 mgGAEAC/L, with a moisture content of 8,05 %, and total phenol of 23,70 mg/L where, based on color, taste, flavor and general acceptance the panelists rather like the wedang uwuh produced. Keywords: simplisia, wedang uwuh, drying, antioxidant

Fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]as influenced by harvesting stage and drying method

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Mireku Bortey ◽  
Beloved Mensah Dzomeku
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Days After Anthesis

The influence of harvesting stages and drying methods on fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] cultivar Asontem was studied to determine the optimum stage of harvest and suitable drying method. The fruit length and diameter progressively increased and reached its peak at 30 days after anthesis by recording 9.50 and 2.83cm respectively and subsequently decreased slightly. The higher seed moisture content (46.5%) was obtained at the early harvesting stage (10 day after anthesis (DAA) and decreased to as low as 22.1% at 50 DAA. Seed maturation and quality parameters were highly significant (p=0.05) at different harvesting stages. Maximum seed dry weight (4.1 g) occurred at 40 DAA regardless of the drying method. Maximum standard germination (77.0%) occurred at 50 DAA when seed moisture content was lowest (22.1%). The optimum stage for harvesting fruit of okra cultivar Asontem for high seed germinability was found to be <sup>3</sup>40 days after anthesis, followed by shade drying fruits before seed extraction.

scholarly journals Effects of drying methods and acidic strength on physicochemical properties of potassium caseinate

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fatma Maruddin ◽  
Wahyu Triputra Hasim ◽  
Nursida ◽  
Ratmawati Malaka ◽  
Hikmah Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Randomized Design

The aims of the present study were to characterize physicochemical characteristics and chemical structures by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and mark dissolved protein content, microstructure, and moisture content of potassium caseinate prepared by drying methods and acid strength. The experiment was arranged according to factorial complete randomized design with triplicates, while data from FTIR and microstructure analysis was presented descriptively. The results demonstrated that acids and drying methods for preparing potassium caseinate could increase antioxidant activity, a* score (reddish) and b* score (yellowish). Specifically, freeze-drying method coupled with acid treatments accounted for reducing moisture content but improved viscosity and microstructural properties. Briefly, we could argue that drying techniques and acids established noticeable effects on the quality of potassium caseinate.

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