The relationship of the level of bilirubin determined by the non-invasive portable automatic analyzer «Bilitest AGF-02» and the total bilirubin concentration in blood serum determined by the standard biochemical method in full-term newborns and late premature infants

As part of a prospective national survey of preterm and small for gestational age infants in the Netherlands, the relationship between maximal serum total bilirubin concentration in the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental outcome at the corrected age of 2 years was studied. Initially, 1,338 infants with a gestational age of less than 32 completed weeks and/or a birth weight of less than 1,500 g were enrolled in the study; 146 were subsequently excluded because of congenital malformations and 361 died during the study period. At the corrected age of 2 years, 831 children were available for follow-up. Children with minor and major handicaps had significantly greater maximal serum total bilirubin concentrations than children with a normal neurodevelopmental outcome (P = .02). A consistent increase in prevalence of handicaps was found for each 50-µmol/L (2.9 mg/dL) increase of maximal serum total bilirubin concentration. The handicaps consisted mainly of cerebral palsy. Logistic regression analysis involving seven suspected confounding factors (gestational age, birth weight, seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, ventriculomegaly, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) revealed that the odds ratio was 1.3. This indicates that, on a multiplicative scale, the risk of a handicap increased by 30% for each 50-µmol/L (2.9 mg/dL) increase of maximal serum total bilirubin concentration (P = .02). Further analysis treated bilirubin as a categorized exposure. A striking systematic increase was found, suggesting a causal relationship between maximal serum total bilirubin concentration and neurodevelopmental outcome.

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Serum Concentration of Fluoride in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis from the Lublin Region in Eastern Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1115

Author(s):

Andrzej Prystupa ◽

Jarosław Sak ◽

Paweł Kiciński ◽

Agnieszka Stenzel-Bembenek ◽

Anna Błażewicz

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Liver Function ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Bilirubin Concentration ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Total Bilirubin Concentration ◽

The Relationship

In view of previous reports, it is important to determine the relationship between liver function and the level of fluoride in the serum. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of fluoride in 72 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, living in the region of Lublin (Eastern Poland) divided based on the severity of disease according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria. Higher plasma fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters. In all groups of analyzed patients with different stages of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of plasma fluoride and increased activities of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin concentration were shown.

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Hyperbilirubinemia in Low Birth Weight Infants and Outcome at 5 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.89.3.359 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 359-364

Author(s):

Margot van de Bor ◽

Martina Ens-Dokkum ◽

Anneke M. Schreuder ◽

Sylvia Veen ◽

Ronald Brand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Serum Total Bilirubin ◽

Bilirubin Concentration ◽

Total Bilirubin Concentration ◽

The Relationship

The collaborative national survey on morbidity and mortality in preterm and small for gestational age infants in the Netherlands enrolled initially 1338 infants born in 1983. The relationship between maximal serum total bilirubin concentration in the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental outcome in the survivors of this cohort was studied. This relationship at the corrected age of 2 years was previously reported. A dose-response relationship between maximal serum total bilirubin concentration and risk of adverse outcome was observed in the 831 surviving children. The present study reassessed the relationship at the age of 5 years in 814 children. There was no significant difference in mean maximal serum total bilirubin concentration between the children with and without a handicap. This was confirmed by logistic regression analysis. After correction for seven suspected confounding factors (gestational age, birth weight, intracranial hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, seizures, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and socioeconomic status) the estimated odds ratio was 1.2 (confidence interval 0.89, 1.43) per 50 µmol/l increase of total bilirubin. However, in this analysis an interaction between bilirubin and intracranial hemorrhage was observed. Therefore, the cohort was divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of an intracranial hemorrhage. Logistic regression analysis including four suspected confounding factors (gestational age, ventriculomegaly. seizures, and socioeconomic status) was then again applied. In children who had suffered from an intracranial hemorrhage in the neonatal period the estimated odds ratio was 1.84 (confidence interval 1.08, 3.15) per 50 µmol/l increase of bilirubin. Similar results were obtained treating bilirubin as a categorized exposure. The odds ratio in children without a hemorrhage was 1.05 (confidence interval 0.80, 1.38), probably because of the small number of surviving handicapped children.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.30.6.909 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 909-916

Author(s):

Herbert I. Goldman ◽

Samuel Karelitz ◽

Hedda Acs ◽

Eli Seifter

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Human Milk ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

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VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID VALUES IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.4.584 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 584-589

Author(s):

Ambadas Pathak ◽

Herman A. Godwin ◽

Luis M. Prudent

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Born Infant ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The relationship of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid was studied in 24 premature infants. In 14 of the 24, low serum vitamin B12 values were found around 40 days of age. Serum folic acid concentrations were less frequently depressed and were usually associated with normal red cell folate values. No correlation between hematocrits and vitamin B12 or folate levels was found. It is suggested that low concentrations of serum folate and vitamin B12 result from low dietary intake coupled with increased demand by the prematurely born infant.

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Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: A New Light on an Old Subject

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.1.124 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 124-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Hegyi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Skin Color ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Bilirubin Concentration ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry

The role of bilirubin as a cause of central nervous system morbidity in the newborn infant has been well recognized for several decades. The specific serum concentration that leads to cellular injury, as well as the precise mechanism of damage, are as yet unclear but general principles of therapy have been established. Early detection of hyperbilirubinemia is based on the clinical assessment of dermal icterus followed by appropriate serum tests to determine the degree of serum bilirubin elevation. The relationship of dermal icterus and serum bilirubin concentration has intrigued clinicians for more than a century.1 In an attempt to utilize skin color as an index of hyperbilirubinemia many techniques have been investigated.

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Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate during the Working Memory Delay Period Predicts Task Performance

10.1101/2021.03.15.435433 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jefferson Ortega ◽

Chelsea Reichert Plaska ◽

Bernard A Gomes ◽

Timothy M Ellmore

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Task Performance ◽

Memory Task ◽

Delay Period ◽

Blink Rate ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Eye Blink ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been found to be a non-invasive indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity. Dopamine (DA) neurons project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) through the mesocortical dopamine pathway and their activity is implicated in a range of cognitive functions, including attention and working memory (WM). The goal of the present study was to understand how fluctuations in sEBR during different phases of a working memory task relate to task performance. Across two experiments, with recordings of sEBR inside and outside of a magnetic resonance imaging bore, we observed sEBR to be positively correlated with WM performance during the WM delay period. Additionally we investigated the non-linear relationship between sEBR and WM performance, and modeled a proposed Inverted-U-shape relationship between DA and WM performance. We also investigated blink duration, which is proposed to be related to sustained attention, and found blink duration to be significantly shorter during the encoding and probe periods of the task. Taken together, these results provide support towards sEBR as an important correlate of working memory task performance. The relationship of sEBR to DA activity and the influence of DA on the PFC during WM maintenance is discussed.

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The relationship of invasive and non-invasive respiratory therapy to the risk of developing the Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

BMC Proceedings ◽

10.1186/1753-6561-9-s7-a2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (S7) ◽

Author(s):

Bolshova Alina Sergeevna ◽

Krushelnickii Anatoliy Aleksandrovich ◽

Stepanova Ekaterina Vladimirovna ◽

Degterev Dmitrii Nickolaevich

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Respiratory Therapy ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Amprenavir, a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor, in Subjects with Normal or Impaired Hepatic Function

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.44.4.821-826.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 821-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Laurence Veronese ◽

Jacques Rautaureau ◽

Brian M. Sadler ◽

Catherine Gillotin ◽

Jean-Pierre Petite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Hepatic Insufficiency ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Bilirubin Concentration ◽

Total Bilirubin Concentration ◽

Severe Cirrhosis

ABSTRACT Amprenavir (141W94) is extensively metabolized by P450 cytochromes, specifically, CYP3A4. Because hepatic insufficiency reduces P450-mediated metabolism, the concentrations in plasma of drugs metabolized through this pathway are often increased in subjects with liver disease. Following administration of a single, oral dose of 600 mg of amprenavir, pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for 10 subjects with severe cirrhosis, 10 subjects with moderate cirrhosis, and 10 healthy volunteers. Model-independent methods for determining the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) showed an increase in amprenavir AUC0–∞ of 2.5-fold in the group with moderate cirrhosis and 4.5-fold in the group with severe cirrhosis compared with that in the control group of healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). AUC0–∞ was linearly related to the severity of liver disease, as assessed by the Child-Pugh score. Of the laboratory data used to calculate the Child-Pugh score, only the mean total bilirubin concentration showed a significant relationship with AUC0–∞. The relationship between the total bilirubin concentration and the AUC0–∞ of amprenavir was well characterized by a simple E max model, suggesting that the total bilirubin concentration may be a useful parameter for predicting the amprenavir AUC in subjects with hepatic insufficiency. Finally, the sera of cirrhotic subjects showed significant decreases in the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein, the primary plasma binding protein for amprenavir. On the basis of the results of this study, for an exposure equivalent to a clinical dose of 1,200 mg twice daily in subjects without cirrhosis, subjects with Child-Pugh scores of 5 to 8 should receive a twice-daily 450-mg dose of amprenavir, and subjects with Child-Pugh scores of 9 to 15 should receive a twice-daily 300-mg dose of amprenavir.

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