scholarly journals Descriptions of Scientific Revolutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Kyle Cavagnini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions

The twentieth century saw extended development in the philosophy of science to incorporate contemporary expansions of scientific theory and investigation. Richard Rorty was a prominent and rather controversial thinker who maintained that all progress, from social change to scientific inquiry, was achieved through the redescription of existing vocabularies. However, this theory fails to describe revolutionary scientific progress. Thomas Kuhn’s theories of paradigm change, as first described in his seminal work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, better portray this process. I attempt to show this by applying Kuhn’s and Rorty’s views to examples of scientific progress and comparing the results.

Characteristics of Scientific Inquiry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miksza ◽  
Kenneth Elpus
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Historical Developments

This chapter introduces the reader to basic characteristics of science and situates the design and analysis considerations presented throughout the book within the context of scientific inquiry. A brief description of key historical developments regarding the philosophy of science is provided. An overview of the fundamental aspects of inductive and deductive scientific reasoning and the importance of falsification to scientific progress is presented. In addition, the values of objectivity and transparency as well as the importance of scientific community are stressed. The usefulness of statistical tools for helping researchers clarify their questions, establish criteria for their judgments, and communicate evidence for their claims is also discussed.

Kuhn on architectural style

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
David Wang
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Work Structure

By any measure Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a landmark in recent influential ideas. The very term ‘paradigm shift’, now common parlance, derives from this 1962 work. Structure redirected its own domain, the philosophy of science, from a logical positivist orientation in its evaluation of scientific progress to one that accommodates a complex mix of sociological, linguistic and psychological factors. Perhaps because of this interdisciplinary inclusiveness, Kuhn's insights have informed theory in many disciplines. A survey of the recent literature includes works in anthropology, comparative literature, criminal justice, art history, education and feminist studies.

scholarly journals From the traditional philosophy of science towards the contemporary philosophy of science

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-35
Author(s):  
Svetozar Sindjelic
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Traditional Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
The Revolution

The aim of this paper is to present the character and reason of the drastic change in the understanding of science that happened in the twentieth century. To do this, author describes the main points of the traditional philosophy of science: then, he argues that reason of the revolution in the philosophy of science used to be the careful philosophical analysis of the great scientific revolutions from 1905. Finally, he concludes that the consequence of mentioned analysis was a number of antagonistic views being the contemporary philosophy of science. To give a monolitic and integral presentment of this philosophy, author enumerated and explained the points shared by the majority of contemporary philosophers of science. In brief, he describes the traditional philosophy of science, the reasons of its fall, and the main tenets of the contemporary philosophy of science.

Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Lorraine Daston
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Mental Worlds ◽  
First Time

Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) is the bestselling and most-cited book ever published in the history and philosophy of science. Yet very few scholars in those fields would now endorse the book’s main claims, and many are critical of its central premise: namely, that major changes in different disciplines and diverse historical contexts conform to a single “structure.” Key Kuhnian concepts such as “paradigm shift” have become part of everyday language but all but disappeared from specialist publications. Nonetheless, the book still galvanizes readers encountering it for the first time—or even scholars who haven’t reread it since their own student days. Kuhn’s description of allencompassing and incommensurable mental worlds inhabited by scientists who practice in different paradigms resonates with the experience of readers who have experienced seismic changes in moral and political intuitions.

scholarly journals КУНОВЕ ИДЕЈЕ НАУЧНИХ РЕВОЛУЦИЈА И ОБЈЕКТИВНОСТ НАУКЕ

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Katarina Tomašević ◽  
Sanela D Andrić ◽  
Srđan M Milašinović
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of

Kun’s The structure of the scientific revolutions triggered the avalanche of criticism and represents the most conducive and most critical work of the sixties until the eighties of the twentieth century in which the problems of understanding scientific knowledge are discussed. The development of science was understood as a gradual process during which the stages of normal science and scientific revolutions are being shifted. Boldly, by introducing new concepts in the history of philosophy of science, he has received many opponents, but also many followers. In this paper, we tried to present Kun's understanding of the progress in the science and criticism of his greatest opponents, with a reference to the scientific revolutions in social sciences. We also tried to answer the question of whether the scientific revolutions have been depleted and what is happening with the objectivity of science.

scholarly journals MOKSLAS KAIP MOKSLO FILOSOFIJOS PROBLEMA

Problemos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Albinas Plėšnys
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
World Views ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Science Experience

Normatyvinėje mokslo filosofijoje siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, kas yra mokslas. Tiek Carnapas, tiek Popperis pasiūlo savus mokslo apibūdinimus, remdamiesi logine pažinimo turinio analize. Tie apibrėžimai yra universalūs ir laikui bėgant nekintantys. Jais remdamasis tyrinėtojas gali atskirti mokslines teorijas nuo nemokslinių ir nuspręsti, kada atsiranda mokslas. Kitokia padėtis susiklosto istorinėje mokslo filosofijos mokykloje, kuri siekia atskleisti įvaizdžius, pasaulio suvokimo būdus ir mokslinio tyrimo praktiką, vyravusią tam tikru istoriniu laikotarpiu, net ir tuos, kurie šiandien yra atmesti, primiršti ar laikomi klaidingais. Istorinis požiūris į mokslo raidą verčia klausti visai kitko – ne kas yra mokslas, o kaip vartojama ir kaip buvo vartota mokslo sąvoka. Tačiau Kuhnas to nedaro ir aiškinasi, kas yra mokslas. Matyt, tai yra viena iš jo nesėkmės kuriant naują mokslo filosofijos variantą priežasčių.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: falsifikacija, fizika, loginė analizė, menas, mokslas, patyrimas, verifikacija.Science as a Problem in the Philosophy of ScienceAlbinas Plėšnys SummaryThe question what is science arises in the normativephilosophy of science. Both Carnap and Popper proposed their own definitions of science. For this purpose they used the logical analysis of language in which the content of science was expressed. These definitions are universal and stable over time. On the basis of these definitions investigator can discern scientific theories from non-scientific ones and determine when the science started up. The issue was treated quite differently in historical school of philosophy of science where the historians of science attempted to display even those images, world-views and practices of scientific investigation which dominated in their own time and are now discarded. The new sort of questions arises to the followers of the historical school of philosophy of science: how was the concept of science used in their investigations but not what is this thing called science. However, Kuhn still attempts to answer the old question in his Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In our opinion the failure of his theory was determined by this fault.Keywords: falsification, physics, logical analysis, art, science, experience, verification.

What’s Forgotten About The Structure of Scientific Revolutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure Of Scientific Revolutions ◽  
History Of

Abstract Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is a classic, and it is certainly not forgotten. However, an essential aspect about it has been neglected. That is, Kuhn’s Structure is a book in philosophy of history in the sense that Structure attempts gives an account of historical events, focuses on the whole of the history of science and stipulates a structure of the history of science to explain historical events. Kuhn’s book and its contribution to the debates about the progress of science and the contingency and inevitability of the history of science shows why and how philosophy of history is relevant for the history and philosophy of science. Its successful integration of historical and philosophical aspects in one account makes it worthwhile reading also for philosophers of history in the twentieth-first century. In particular, it raises the question whether the historical record can justify philosophical views and comprehensive syntheses of the past.

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