scholarly journals The Effect of Online Problem-Based Learning Methods on Students’ Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Ami Febriza ◽  
Nur Faidah ◽  
Asdar
Keyword(s):  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Face To Face Learning

The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the education process in higher education institutions. The medical faculty is forced to adapt by implementing distance learning. The entire face-to-face learning is replaced with virtual meetings to prevent transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Problem-based learning (PBL) is carried out online. This study aimed to analyse students' performance during an online PBL in terms of their content knowledge about the modules. The study was conducted in the 2019/2020 academic year with 92 respondents enrolled in the Neuropsychiatry course. The students’ performance was measured by direct observation using a rubric filled out by the tutor during the session. Content knowledge about the module was measured by test, before and after the PBL. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The results showed a statistically significant increased score between pre and post-test (with p-value < 0.000, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) with an overall better performance of the students during the online PBL. Students showed good participation and communication skills, even though the discussions were done synchronously via teleconferencing. They had the ability to apply and link concepts to problems and draw valid conclusions. As a conclusion, there was a weak association between students’ performance and their knowledge of the module contents shown by the increasing score in the test. The limitations or obstacles during online PBL can be overcome with better preparation from the students with sufficient digital literacy, self-regulation, and adequate internet network support.

scholarly journals Students’ perceptions regarding problem-based learning in community medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4086
Author(s):  
Liaquat R. Johnson ◽  
Narayanan S. Nair ◽  
Catherine Simon ◽  
Jeffy Binu
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Student Involvement ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Medicine ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Although a problem based learning (PBL) program in community medicine was introduced over a year ago, student perceptions about the same had not been elicited. This study was conducted to ascertain the perceptions regarding the PBL program from a representative sample of students completing the same.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 semester 7 medical students in a private medical college in south India. Data were collected anonymously after obtaining written informed consent. Students rated their own involvement in the PBL program; confidence across broad PBL areas before and after the program; usefulness of the broad PBL areas; and how likely they were to use the broad PBL areas, using a 10-point rating scale. Statistical analyses were performed using EZR (version 1.36). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cronbach’s alpha were employed.Results: Of the participants, 20(62.5%) were female. There was a statistically significant difference in perceived confidence across all broad PBL areas following the program, compared to ratings before the program. The median overall rating for the program was 8/10. Greater student involvement was significantly associated with higher ratings for confidence following the program; usefulness in most broad PBL areas. Male gender was significantly associated with high ratings in some broad PBL areas.Conclusions: A PBL approach can improve student perceptions of confidence in generic skills. High student involvement is key to good student perceptions regarding a PBL program.

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Amna Khan ◽  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Hamayun Anwar ◽  
Sajid Shamim ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.

scholarly journals Role of Physiotherapy in Hospitalised Patients of COVID-19 disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Bharty ◽  
◽  
Dr. Jitendra Kishore Bhargava ◽  
Dr. Brahma Prakash ◽  
Dr. Vikas Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Physiotherapy

Introduction: Respiratory physiotherapy is one of the therapeutic methods in various respiratoryviral infections. Breathing exercises with other interventions, could enhance the total lung capacityand symptom alleviation in patients with virus-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Aim: To study the clinical evaluation of the role of physiotherapy in hospitalised patients of covid-19diseases. Method: This was an Observational (prospective, cross-sectional) study. 187 patientswere recruited and diagnosed as COVID-19 as per RTPCR at NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (MP).Patients were randomised into the physiotherapy group and controlled group. Patients in thephysiotherapy group were undergone positional changes, prone ventilation, Breathing exercise,Resistive training, Passive joint motion, Muscle stretching, Bedside standing training, enduranceexercise by a specialized physiotherapist. Mean cough severity index, MMRC grade, respiration rateand peripheral blood saturation were recorded before and after intervention and compared with thecontrolled group. Result: There was significant improvement found in MMRC grade and respirationrate after physical therapy in the physiotherapy group (p-value < 0.05). Exertional dyspnoea andcough severity index significant deceased in physiotherapy group. The positive change was found inperipheral blood saturation. There was decreased in hospitalization stay in the physiotherapy groupas compared to the controlled group. Conclusion: Our study revealed the positive effect ofphysiotherapy on covid-19 disease in terms of symptoms and hospitalization duration among thephysiotherapy group. Physiotherapy exerts a beneficial role in the management of the covid-19disease.

scholarly journals Relationships Self-Regulation Learning and Academic Stress First Year Students at Faculty of Nursing University of Jember

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Rista Dwi Pratiwi ◽  
Erti Ikhtiarini Dewi ◽  
Enggal Hadi Kurniyawan
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Cronbach Alpha

The increase self-regulation learning has an important role related to academic stress management. First-year students are faced with various academic rules and demands that cause first year students to be stressed. This research analyze the correlation between self-regulation learning and academic stress of first-year students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember. This research method is a cross-sectional study of 126 first-year students using cluster random sampling techniques. Bivariate analysis using Kendall tau b correlation (α <0.05 CI = 95%). The research instruments used were Self-Regulated Learning (Cronbach Alpha = 0.864) and Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (Cronbach Alpha = 0.849). The result of Kendall tau b correlation test results show p-value 0.015 (α < 0.05) and t = - 0.150. This study found that self-regulation learning correlated to academic stress first-year students of the Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember. The correlation results showed a negative relationship direction with very weak strength, the higher self-regulation learning, the lower level of perceived academic stress. From the results and conclusions, researcher hopes that of first-year nursing faculty students can make more efforts to improve self-regulation learning process as an effort to deal with various problems during the lecture period. 

Evaluation of Blood Pressure Changes after IAN Block Injection with Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:80000 and its Relation with Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Parnianjooy ◽  
Arash Gholestaneh ◽  
Yamin Haghani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lidocaine Injection

Introduction: Many patients experience anxiety when they visit a dentist and anxiety causes an increase in the patient's blood pressure, as well as an injection of epinephrine, is also effective in increasing the blood pressure of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure following injection of lower jaw blocking with lidocaine containing 1: 80000 epinephrine and its association with anxiety level in patients Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 129 patients referred to the dental school of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan were selected and their blood pressure was measured before injection of anesthetic drug and ten minutes later. The anxiety level of the patients was determined using a dental anxiety inventory and the relationship between the level of anxiety and blood pressure in the patients before and after injection was measured. Data were analyzed by T-paired statistical test, regression and Pearson test. Results: There is a positive correlation between the patient's systolic and diastolic blood pressure before the injection and the anxiety score is significant (p value < 0.001). There was also a significant association between the degree of correlation between mean pressure and anxiety score (p value < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between injection pressure and anxiety scores. (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Lidocaine injection containing epinephrine 1: 80,000 in patients undergoing mandibular block is associated with a significant increase in patients' systolic blood pressure. There was also a significant relationship between patients 'levels of anxiety and blood pressure, which had a greater effect on patients' blood pressure than epinephrine injections.

scholarly journals Fatigue in Loading and Unloading Workers at the Port

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Viranda Nedine Putri Watulinggas ◽  
Mona Lestari ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari ◽  
Desheila Andarini ◽  
Anita Camelia
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Climate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Right

The port has a fairly dense loading/unloading activity according to the total flow of goods it manages. In addition to high work activities, environment factors such as noise and work climate can also affect the occurrence of work fatigue.  Therefore, this study aims to determine factors associated with work fatigue in loading/unloading workers at the port.  This study uses cross sectional study design with simple random sampling.  Data analysis used the Paired Sample T-Test and Chi-Square test.  The results showed that there was a difference of fatigue before and after work and as many as 71.2% of workers experienced moderate fatigue.  It is known that age (p-value = 0,000), breakfast habits (p-value = 0,000), and years of service (p-value = 0,000) have a significant correlation with work fatigue, while nutritional status (p-value = 0.203), workload (p-value = 0.140), hot work climate (p-value = 0.362), and noise (p-value = 0.880) have no correlation with work fatigue.  It was concluded that age, breakfast habits and work duration were related to work fatigue in loading/unloading labor.  Therefore, workers are advised to be used to have breakfast with the right menu and time and workers should wear hats while working to reduce sun exposure.

scholarly journals Association between physical activity and hypertension: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyao Hou ◽  
Shaoping Wan ◽  
Zhengping Yong ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Yueqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Day

Abstract Background: Many guidelines recommend physical activity to prevent hypertension. However, the recommendations of different studies and guidelines for physical activity to prevent hypertension are not uniform. The objective of this study is to examine the association between the prevalence of hypertension and physical activity in different patterns, intensities, and durations. Methods: The sample was from a cross-sectional study of 479,842 subjects called the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015. We selected participants with physical activity information from the survey results in Sichuan Province (n = 19,277) for this study. As an advantage of our research, we used multiple imputation to supplement the missing data, instead of mean filling or delete missing values directly. The relationship between physical activity and hypertension was mainly analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-test, Chi-squared tests, and the logistic regression model. Results: There were 2,006 participants eligible. A total of 354 (17.6%) participants were hypertensive. Participants who were older, less educated, had higher BMI, used alcohol regularly, and had a family history of hypertension were more likely to get hypertension (p-value<0.0001). Both walking or cycling ≥ 15 hours/week (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.36-0.95) and the sleeping duration ≥ 10 hours/non-working day (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19-0.81) are related to the low prevalence of hypertension. The risk factor associated with hypertension is the moderate activity related to leisure ≥ 15 hours/week (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.14-3.40). Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a significant association between the duration of physical activity and the prevalence of hypertension. Moreover, this association is affected by different patterns of physical activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Nigella Sativa on Fasting Blood Glucose in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Nigella Sativa is widely used traditional medicinal plant throughout the world as seeds and oil. It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Objective: Effect of oral Nigella Sativa on fasting blood glucose in non-diabetic individuals. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 10 healthy non diabetic volunteers aged 20-35 years with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG). Subjects were given Nigella Sativa seeds orally (4gm) twice per day for 2 days. FBG was measured before and after Nigella Sativa supplementation by glucose oxidase methods using bio system A25. Results: The level of the fasting blood glucose was 99.4±3.1 mg/dl in the first day and deceased to 93.1±4.6 mg/dl after Nigella Sativa administration, which was statistically significant (p. value= 0.031). Conclusion: Nigella Sativa significantly reduced the level of blood glucose among non-diabetics adults. The mechanism of action of Nigella sativa needs to be investigated.

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Khan ◽  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Hamayun Anwar ◽  
Sajid Shamim ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcaemia in Neonates with Jaundice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rajesh KC ◽  
Piush Kanodia
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is seen mainly in the first week of life and in many of the cases it is only in physiological range which requires no intervention. Approximately 5-10% of them have clinically significant jaundice that requires phototherapy and even exchange transfusion. Phototherapy can produce various adverse effects; hypocalcaemia is one of the lesser known effects. So, estimation of calcium levels before and after phototherapy should be done in neonates with jaundice. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine hypocalcaemia, in neonates receiving phototherapy, by measuring serum calcium levels. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted, from February 2020 to August 2020, on 50 neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Serum calcium levels were evaluated before and after phototherapy. Neonates were assessed for clinical features of hypocalcaemia i.e. jitteriness, irritability/ excitability and convulsions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Frequency of hypocalcaemia after phototherapy was 26%. There was significant change in serum calcium levels before and after phototherapy (p<0.01). Among hypocalcaemic neonates, 56% were symptomatic; 38% developed jitteriness, 18% developed irritability / excitability and none of them developed convulsions. Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at increased risk for hypocalcaemia. Monitoring for hypocalcaemia and its complications should be considered. However, universal recommendation of calcium supplementation is yet to be established but seems reasonable.

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