scholarly journals Pengaruh Penanganan Pascapanen Terhadap Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan Biji Kakao

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S Joni Munarso ◽  
Miskiyah Miskiyah ◽  
M Thamrin

Production of cocoa beans increasing significantly, but the quality of the seeds low and varied.The main problem is because of the cocoa farmers generally did not apply the recommended techniquefor cultivation and postharvest handling. The aims of this study was to observe the effect of GAP and GMPapplication to the quality and safety of cocoa beans produced by farmer groups. To achieve the aboveobjectives, a study has been conducted in Tinco, District Citta, Soppeng South Sulawesi Province. Thisactivity was done by involving farmer groups with different cultivation technology. The activity included: 1.Study to identify the performance of cocoa cultivation; 2. analysis of the effect of GAP and GMP application toquality and safety of cocoa beans produced by farmer groups. The results showed that the quality of cocoabeans produced by Bunga coklat farmer group better than Mattirodeceng farmer group; the application ofGAP and GMP increased the quality of cacao beans. Model application of GAP and GMP system at Bungacoklat farmer group can be used as a sample of cocoa farm production, quality and sustainability oriented.Keywords : postharvest handling, quality, food safety, cocoa

Respati ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elisabet Yunaeti Anggraeni ◽  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Icha Mufadila

INTISARITanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao, L.) atau yang biasa disebut coklat merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang tumbuh di lahan kering. Tanaman kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan nasional yang berperan penting bagi pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, dalam  budidayanya petani kakao seringkali menghadapi masalah yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hasil produksi kakao. Karena permasalahan inilah yang membuat peneliti ingin membuat suatu sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat membantu petani dan suplayer terutama CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa untuk menentukan kualitas biji kakao. Sistem yang dirancang menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP) merupakan metode penyelesaian dengan menggunakan perkalian untuk menghubungkan nilai atribut, dimana nilai harus dipangkatkan terlebih dahulu dengan bobot atribut yang bersangkutan. Dengan adanya sistem  penunjang keputusan ini mampu membantu masyarakat untuk menentukan  kualitas biji kakao dan di harapkan sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan metode Weighted Product dalam proses menentukan kualitas pada biji kakao tersebut dapat menyelesaikan masalah pada CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa, petani dan pengepul kakao dalam menentukan kualitas biji kakao yang baik Kata Kunci : Sistem Penunjang Keputusan, Weighted Product (WP), Biji Kakao ABSTRACTCacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) or commonly called cocoa is an estate crop that grows on dry land. Cacao is one of the leading national commodities that plays an important role in Indonesia's economic growth. However, in the cultivation of cocoa farmers often face problems that can cause a decrease in the quality of cocoa production. Because of this problem that makes researchers want to create a decision support system that can help farmers and suppliers, especially CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa to determine the quality of cocoa beans. The system is designed using the Weighted Product (WP) method is a method of settlement using multiplication to connect the attribute value, where the value must be raised first with the weight of the attribute in question. With this decision support system able to help the community to determine the quality of good cocoa beans and expected with the decision support system using the Weighted Product method in the process of determining the quality of the cocoa beans can solve the problem in the CV. Bulok Kakao Sentosa, cocoa farmers and collectors in determining the quality of good cocoa beans. Keywords : Decision Support System, Weighted Product (WP), Cacao Beans


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Abdulrazak Kamal Daudu ◽  
Felix Olayinka Oladipo ◽  
Kayode Samson Balogun ◽  
Olabisi Adebowale Awoniyi ◽  
Rashid Solagberu Adisa

Abstract Persistent drop in quality of Nigerian cocoa exported to the international communities portends a grave danger to the economy of the country. This study investigates factors determining adoption of bean quality improvement practices by cocoa farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria. Using a two-stage random sampling technique to select 336 farmers from communities with high production, data were collected with a structured questionnaire and subjected to factor analysis and descriptive statistical procedures. The data revealed that majority of the respondents (66.1%) were male with mean age of 48 years, 78.6% were formally educated whereas 31.0% had a quarterly contact with extension agents. Most of the respondents (98.2%) had high perception on practices considered as being adequate for improving the quality of cocoa beans. There was a positive and significant relationship between perception on cocoa bean quality and adoption of bean quality improvement practices (r = 0.142 and p = 0.001) at one percent level of significance. Factor analysis showed that socioeconomic, production, technological and institutional factors with Eigenvalues of 3.312, 2.403, 1.862 and 1.055, respectively, accounted for the quality of cocoa beans. However, educational level of farmers (0.867), cost of inputs (−0.724), relative advantage of the practice (0.683) and contact with extension agents (0.703) exert greater influence on farmers’ capacity to produce quality cocoa beans. The identified variables should therefore be considered when disseminating improved practices to cocoa farmers for increased adoption.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin

The production of Indonesian cocoa beans is significantly increasing but is not in line with its quality. The quality has decreased such as less fermented, not dry, inconsistency of the size & taste. Since then, reputation of Indonesia cocoa beans was considered lower than international standard which caused price is relatively cheap compared to other production countries. The low quality of cocoa beans is due to that the age of cocoa plants in Indonesia is more than 17 years so productivity has declined, besides that cocoa pod borer since 1995 until now has not been eradicated 100%. So, the age of the plant greatly influences the amount of fruit that can be produced. The benefits of cocoa certification program to the farmers production and income are the creation of agribusiness insight and industrial culture in the community, the development of downstream agribusiness subsystem activities in the form of post-harvest, processing and marketing activities which ultimately increase farmers' income and welfare through increased production also will increased foreign exchange earnings for Country. Tapango Barat is a cocoa development center area certified by the Rainforest Alliance (RA) from 2015 until now with the aim of describing the cocoa certification program in Tapango Barat Village, calculating the level of farmers' income and analyzing the effect of the cocoa certification program on increasing farmer production and income. This research was conducted in January – April 2017 using descriptive, income analysis, and multiple regression analysis methods. The results showed that the Mesa Peolo farmer group certified by the Rainforest Alliance (RA) had an income of IDR 17,106,039.073 each year. This shows that the production results from certification program directly influence cocoa farmers’ income.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Yolanda Fitria Syahri ◽  
H. Hastuti

Kolaka is known as "Kolaka Cocoa City". Cocoa is the main commodity of Kolaka Regency. Kolaka is one of the cities in Southeast Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi is one of the provisions in Sulawesi which is the center of cocoa production after South Sulawesi with total area of 260,458 ha and with production 142,156 tons (Ditjenbun, 2012). Cocoa production centers in southeast sulawesi are located in Latambaga and Samaturu Sub-districts. Partners in the IbM program are cocoa farmers of Induha Urban Village, Latambaga Sub-district and cocoa farmer in Samaturu Sub-district. Various cooperation programs have been conducted to improve the quality of cocoa commodities in Kolaka District. In its development, classical problems remain faced by partner farmers both in terms of production and business management. In terms of production, pre-harvest problems faced by farmers are cocoa pests and diseases, which cause the farmers’ dependence on pesticides and chemical fungicides as well as the age of plants, therefore, it is important to reduce the use of pesticides and chemical fungicides because in the long term it can have adverse impact on environmental sustainability and health. The problem of post-harvest for partner farmers is a low quality of cocoa production. Most cocoa farmers process cocoa fruits to be dried beans in a rough way so that ± 90% of the cocoa beans produced by farmers have a low quality with the main characteristic is not fermented. The problem faced by farmers  in the marketing chain is the oligopsoni market structure, where farmers are at the lowest position so that farmers do not have bargaining position. The objectives of IbM program were to 1) Reduce farmers’ dependence on pesticides and chemical fungicides with the utilization of environmentally friendly pesticides 2) Design the fermentor to improve the quality of cocoa beans 3) Enhance the bargaining position of farmers through the active role of Farmer group (Gapoktan)  in the marketing chain of cocoa


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Mirnawati Mirnawati ◽  
Andi Nuddin ◽  
Yusriadi Yusriadi

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan Di Desa Taulo Kecamatan Alla Kabupaten Enrekang dari bulan November 2020 sampai dengan bulan Januari 2021. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh dalam usaha tani kakao, kelayakan usaha tani kakao dan strategi pengembangannya dengan menggunakan metode analisis kelayakan dan analisis Interpretativ Stuktural Modelling ISM dengan pengambilan data melalui wawancara dengan pengisian kuisioner untuk analisis pendapatan dan kelayakan sebanyak 32 orang responden dan 16 responden untuk analisis ISM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kelayakan 2,25 dan Hasil analisis ISM diperoleh program strategi yang strategis adalah : (2) Pembinaan kelompok tani/gapoktan, (1) Rehabilitas tanaman kakoa, (6) Peningkatan kualitas produk/mutu biji kakao, (4) Peningkatan peran penyuluhan, (3) Pengelolaan pasca panen, (5) Pengembangan produktivitas lahan, (8) Pengembangan pemasaran produksi, (12) pemberantasan hama dan penyakit, (11)  Peningkatan sarana produksi, (10) Peningkatan agroimput, (7) Pengstabilan harga. ABSTRACT This research was conducted in Taulo Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency from November 2020 to January 2021. The study aims to find out how the income earned in cocoa farming is, how is the feasibility of cocoa farming and how is the development strategy using feasibility analysis methods and Interpretative analysis. ISM Structural Modeling with data collection through interviews by filling out questionnaires for income and feasibility analysis as many as 32 respondents and 16 respondents for ISM analysis. The results of this study indicate that the feasibility level is 2.25 and the results of the ISM analysis obtained that strategic strategic programs are: (2) Fostering farmer groups/gapoktan, (1) Rehabilitation of cocoa plants, (6) Improving product quality/quality of cocoa beans, (4 ) Increasing the role of extension, (3) Post-harvest management, (5) Development of land productivity, (8) Development of production marketing, (12) eradicating pests and diseases, (11) Increasing production facilities, (10) Increasing agro-imput, (7) Price stabilization


Perspektif ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Agus Wahyudi, MS ◽  
Ekwasita Rini Pribadi

In the last five years the price of pepper world was increasing rapidly, in 2010 the export price of black pepper and white pepper Indonesia respectively were FOB US $ 3,677 and FOB US $ 5,662 be FOB US $ 8,975 and FOB US $ 12,362 per metric ton in the year 2014. Nevertheless, Indonesian pepper production has declined, namely 59,000 tonnes in 2010 to 52,000 tons in 2014. This reflects the constraints that limit the development of pepper production in Indonesia. Indonesian pepper internally has a competitive advantage in the factor of natural resources and the availability of human resources, but there are weakness in the quality of the labour, especially in the application and knowledge of cultivation technology and the use of superior seeds. To improve the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of production by increasing productivity through improvement methods of cultivation that is environmentally friendly, use of certified seeds and high quality input grade, primary product processing that refers to the quality standards, accompanied by the introduction of institutional innovation and technical cultivation with the active role of farmer groups. Due to the successful adoption of the technology depends on knowledge of the perpetrators of farming technologies that will be developed.


Author(s):  
Syariani Tambunan ◽  
Nico Syahputra Sebayang ◽  
Desi Sri Pasca Sari

One of the productions of the agricultural industry that has a fairly high foreign exchange value for our country is cocoa, but our cocoa production is still of low quality. To get good quality cocoa, good processing must be done. Fermentation of cocoa beans is one way to improve the quality of cocoa so that it can be sold in national and international markets. The purpose of this activity is to help cocoa farmers, especially in Southeast Aceh district, in improving the quality of cocoa production, so that the cocoa products of Southeast Aceh farmers can compete in trade both locally and abroad. The implementation of this activity is carried out through training to improve the quality of cocoa. There are several activities, namely: Sorting Cocoa, peeling cocoa pods, fermenting cocoa pods for 5 days and the last step is drying until the moisture content of cocoa pods reaches 7%. The result of this activity is to increase the knowledge of cocoa farmers in Southeast Aceh Regency in order to improve the quality of cocoa beans, so that cocoa sales can be accepted and compete in the market.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
MONO RAHARDJO ◽  
ROSITA SMD ◽  
IRENG DARWATI

ABSTRAK<br />Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obat<br />asli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belum<br />banyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi dan<br />mutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di Desa<br />Sikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1)<br />kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)<br />9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl;<br />(7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan<br />acak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g<br />KCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng.<br />Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisia<br />meningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akar<br />tanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol,<br />tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm.<br />Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapi<br />setelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi dan<br />mutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidak<br />berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organik<br />tanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandang<br />tidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwoceng<br />secara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi,<br />diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masing<br />berturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atau<br />setara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha.<br />Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan,<br />pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Tengah<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of fertilizer application on production and quality<br />of Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb<br />Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesian<br />indigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangered<br />species, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. The<br />objective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer application<br />on the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research was<br />conducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until<br />2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2  were (1) control<br />(without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 g<br />SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)<br />9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl;<br />(7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed in<br />randomized block designed with four replications. The result of the<br />research showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36<br />+ 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increased<br />the simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisia<br />production increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the roots<br />increased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants with<br />fertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants without<br />fertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part of<br />plant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot part<br />without fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality of<br />simplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g<br />KCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizer<br />application of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . It<br />happened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that the<br />application of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect.<br />Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia<br />(6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mg<br />K/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha.<br />Key words : Purwoceng,  Pimpinella  pruatjan  Molkenb,  fertilizer<br />application, growth, production, quality, Central Java


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tettey

Under-fermentation of cocoa beans produces purple beans. The fermentation period is 6 to 7 days but some cocoa farmersunder-ferment their cocoa beans leading to the development of purple cocoa beans. This study determined the impact of insectinfestation on stored purple cocoa beans. Wet cocoa beans were fermented for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days to produce the purple beans.Ephestia cautella and Tribolium castaneum, both singly and in combination, were introduced into the cocoa beans and storedfor different (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) period. Insect population, percentage weight loss and the contaminants produced bythese insects were determined. Cocoa beans infested with E. cautella alone had the highest population of 297.0 ± 22.7. Beansfermented for 3 days had the lowest insect population both singly and in combination after 120 days of storage. The highestpercentage weight loss was recorded in cocoa beans fermented for one day (10.1 ± 1.87%) and 4 days (10.1 ± 8.74%). T.castaneum did not cause much damage to the cocoa beans but E. cautella alone caused significant damage to stored cocoabeans. Insect infestation and poor fermentation contribute significantly to the reduction in quality of cocoa beans.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document