scholarly journals Mozaikok a szakképzés fejlődés közelmúlt évtizedeiből

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
István Lükő

A szakképzés utóbbi három évtizedes változásai meghatározóan fontosak önmagukban is és a technika-technológiai változások szempontjából is. Ezt a viszonylag rövid történelmi szakaszt átfogó korszakot növeljük a rendszerváltás előtti közvetlen évtized, valamint az EU elődjének tekinthető EGK integrációs törekvésének mozaikos bemutatásával. A rendszerváltásra és napjainkra fókuszálásunkat nemzetközi beágyazottságba illesztve mutatjuk be. Értelmezésünkben a szakképzés közép, és felsőfokú iskolarendszerei összekapcsolódnak. Saját vizsgálódásaim is igazolják korszakos technológiai átalakulások és a szakképzés fejlődésének „együtt futását”, kölcsönös egymásra hatását. Tanulmányom célkitűzései között vannak a 3. és 4. ipari forradalommal fémjelzett korszak jellemzőinek, hatásainak, továbbá az első szakképzési törvény és az OKJ megjelenésének, valamint a Magyar Szakképzési Társaság megalakulásának, működésének a bemutatása. A kétféle technológia a digitális pedagógiában kapcsolódik szervesen egybe. Az Ipar 4.0 kihívásai hazánkban is kikényszerítették a szakképzés stratégiai válaszát, amit a Szakképzés 4.0 elnevezésű középtávú fejlesztési koncepcióban olvashatunk. A sok szempontból korszakosnak mondható szervezeti és tartalmi átalakítások együttesen jelennek meg a megvalósítás folyamatában. Ennek a tervezetnek néhány részletét, elemét is bemutatom a cikkemben.The changes having taken place in VET during the latest three decades have been decisive themselves but also from the aspects of technical-technological changes. I extend the era covering this relatively short historical period by giving a mosaic-like introduction of the decade directly preceding the transition and of the integration endeavours of the EEC that can be considered as the ancestor of the EU. My focus on the transition and our days is embedded in an international context. In my understanding, the middle and higher level school systems of vocational education are intertwined. My own researches also proved the “co-running”, the mutual impact of epochal technological changes and the development of VET. The objectives of my study include the introduction of the features and effects of the era marked by the third and the fourth industrial revolution, the initiation of the first act on VET and the National Training Registry as well as the establishment and operation of the Hungarian VET Association. The two types of technologies get closely intertwined in digital pedagogy. The challenges put by Industry 4.0 enforced the strategic response of VET in Hungary, too, which can be read in the mid-term development concept titled VET 4.0. The organizational and content related changes, that are really epochal from several aspects, are appearing together in the process of implementation. I also present some details and elements of this plan in my paper.  

Author(s):  
Erhan İşcan

The last two decades have witnessed unpredictable transformations in knowledge-related areas. The main reason for this change is the fourth industrial revolution, a knowledge revolution affecting fields like the bioeconomy. The third industrial revolution, which induced the use of fossil-based energy sources, created a major global problem. Likewise, the third industrial revolution introduced the problem of the excess usage of food, animals, water, and other resources. Industry 4.0 offers an efficient solution to excessive tendencies. This chapter aims to analyze changes and offer strategies in the bioeconomy framework within Industry 4.0.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Joseph Straus

As one of the building blocks of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence has attracted much public attention and sparked protracted discussions about its impact on future technological, economic and social developments. This contribution conveys insights into artificial intelligence’s basic methods and tools, its main achievements, its economic environment and the surrounding ethical and social issues. Based on the announced and taken measures of the EU organs in the area of artificial intelligence, the contribution analyses the position of Europe in the global context.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-455
Author(s):  
Jairus Grove

This exploration provides an alternative future to that offered in the discussions surrounding what is often referred to by the ‘fourth industrial revolution’ or the ‘third offset’. I argue that even modest projections of existing trends have the capability of altering the grammar or ecology of geopolitics as well as the drivers for competition and catastrophe. Such changes are more significant than questions of how this or that actor might be different or which great powers may shape the international order in a hundred years. The essay seeks to understand what disruptive changes in non-human capability might mean for the shape of a potential geopolitics to come. In a more general sense, I want to think about how violence will be distributed differently. Will there be new sources and even kinds of competition unique to a global system populated and in some cases, structured by cunning machines – some mechanical, others digital – and what are the implications for how we imagine international relations?


Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Vera Marković

Gender disparity is present in the field of engineering and more broadly STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Statistical data on the enrollment in one of technical faculties in the Republic of Serbia over three decades illustrate this phenomenon, and there is a similar situation everywhere in the world. The negative effects of the under-representation of women in these areas on society and the economy have been recognized and a number of measures have been taken to mitigate them. With rapid technological changes, information technology development and the fourth industrial revolution, the labor market is changing and the global demand for STEM professions is growing. This paper discusses the impact that these technological changes may have on the existing disparity between women and men in the mentioned areas.


wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Asha Sara MAMMEN

Literature spanning from the time of the third and fourth industrial revolution mentions how modernity has, in many ways, made circumstances profoundly better for humanity than what used to be in the historic and ancient worlds. Nevertheless, extant literature also speaks of how the manifested benefits of modernity inculcated ills that stand in the way of humanity being humane and of exercising human personhood. This article puts forth a consoling and a divine virtue - wisdom and wisdom philosophy - thoughts based on wisdom to bridge the gap between getting progressive and being humane. Curiosity thereby wisdom; starts with wonder, as resonated in child and man - whereby aiming to be inculcated and embedded, at a stage, when one is mostly trainable and adaptable lies the objective of this essay - to reignite one’s mind to the philosophical values of influential thinkers, explore of its existence, relevance and its purpose for modern humanity. A qualitative methodology was employed to gather information supplemented by knowledge from archived literature. This scholarly piece of writing discusses an approach using as an analogy - the fulcrum, load and effort mechanism to embed wisdom based philosophy thoughts and practices in educational policies for the stakeholders of knowledge.


Author(s):  
Alicia Guerra Guerra ◽  
Lyda Sánchez de Gómez

We are at the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution. The authors understand that university education should embrace the keys to this scenario and do so immediately. Considering this fact, new university teaching should be supported by technological immersion, but also by a culture of proactivity and training in values. The third of these pillars achieves an unimaginable relevance in regards to this emerging industrial revolution, which aims to become the revolution of values. Within this context, the university must move into the practice of ethical values and offer training based on soft skills. Moreover, there is a path that links ethics with soft skills based on the synergy between the two. From this idea, the central objectives of this work are to propose a university model for educational innovation based on values that also includes the tools for its implementation. The chapter ends with a practical case for implementing the model at the fablab that the University of Extremadura has available for its students majoring in Information Technology Engineering.


Author(s):  
Erhan İşcan

The last two decades have witnessed unpredictable transformations in knowledge-related areas. The main reason for this change is the fourth industrial revolution, a knowledge revolution affecting fields like the bioeconomy. The third industrial revolution, which induced the use of fossil-based energy sources, created a major global problem. Likewise, the third industrial revolution introduced the problem of the excess usage of food, animals, water, and other resources. Industry 4.0 offers an efficient solution to excessive tendencies. This chapter aims to analyze changes and offer strategies in the bioeconomy framework within Industry 4.0.


Author(s):  
Kwame Anthony Appiah

This chapter identifies three domains of philosophical questions about work. First, an ontological issue: What is work? This question is both historical and conceptual, as questions in social ontology usually are. Second, an ethical issue: How does work fit into the good life? The hard problem here is to substitute, in new economic conditions, for the four main things a good job currently does: first, produce the goods and services we need, while also providing people with income, sociability, and significance. These are issues on which many popular writers on the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” and on globalization have, of course, written for some time. But what’s lacking, the chapter claims, is serious organized reflection on the normative issues raised by these challenges. And that leads to the third cluster of concerns: How should law and other sources of normative authority be configured to allow work to contribute to the flourishing of workers, and how should the opportunities and rewards of work be shared?


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kováčiková ◽  
Katarína Repková Štofková

Our society goes beyond the threshold of a new technological revolution, which will obviously affect the world economy, affect the life, work, communication of people and facilities. Significant features of the economy include the growth of market variability, the shortening of product lifecycles, the growth of global chain influences, but also the fact that current consumers demand products with individual solutions. Intelligent items, products, machines and devices will allow manufacturers to produce original products without increasing costs. Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution is the name for dramatic changes and their current entry into the industry. The bearer of these changes is product digitization, digitization and optimization of all business processes, including services. The period of globalization brings new challenges for businesses.This contribution is focused on the characteristics of Industry 4.0, the tools used for the area in question, the advantages and disadvantages of Industry 4.0 and the Industry 4.0 initiative concept and the comparison of the concept with the Czech Republic and Germany. The Czech Republic is geographically and culturally close to Slovakia, while Germany is the leader in this area within the EU.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lennart Hammerström ◽  
Dirk Zwerenz

The transition from the second industrial revolution (electrification) to the third industrial revolution (automation) was accompanied by a transformation of economy into a science with a powerful mathematic foundation. The methods developed do have some inaccuracies, such as the assumption that logical agents drive the market, an assumption that was realized to be a failure in the models not long ago. The models were developed in a transition phase, while the industrial revolution took place. The models are currently not mature enough to support companies in their investment strategies for the fourth industrial revolution, the age of digitalization and interconnectedness. The purpose of this study is to create a theoretical model for the process of creating a business case for the investment in technologies within the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).


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