scholarly journals Comparative approach to seismic vulnerability of an elevated steel tank within a reinforced concrete chimney

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Cohen ◽  
Arkady Livshits ◽  
Roberto Nascimbene
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Chimney ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Dynamic Amplification

This study provides a framework for investigating the seismicresponse of an elevated steel water tank within a reinforcedconcrete chimney, to assist optimal tank placement and analysedifferent tank geometries. Elevated tank design procedures indifferent guidelines and codes are adequate for specific cases,none of which meets the exact requirements of this case study,in which the supporting structure mass is large relative to thestorage tank. The tank is located at an elevation 63 m belowthe mid-height of the 200 m chimney, resulting in a differentbehavior than a simple cantilever. Furthermore, for certainH/R ratios, coupling effects may exist between the fundamentalperiod of the chimney and that of the sloshing wave. An equivalentmodel is examined that is simple enough yet able to accuratelyproduce the design acceleration, dynamic amplification,damping and torsional effects at the chosen tank location, andto capture site effects. An analysis of the tank at ground level isconducted according to AWWA D100-11. Then, the tank at elevation63 m is analysed within the framework of three existingmethods using code spectra and site-specific spectra. A novelfourth method is then proposed which, contrary to the existingmethods, can accurately capture the conditions of this casestudy by combining the benefits of all methods. The workflowdescribed here can be readily applied to other cases of elevatedtanks for which the standard procedures are inadequate.

Solar Flash Desalination Under Hydrostatically Sustained Vacuum

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abutayeh ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Chamber Size

A new desalination scheme has been proposed. The system consists of a saline water tank, a concentrated brine tank, and a fresh water tank placed on ground level plus an evaporator and a condenser located several meters above the ground. The evaporator-condenser assembly, or flash chamber, is initially filled with saline water that later drops by gravity, creating a vacuum above the water surface in the unit without a vacuum pump. The vacuum is maintained by the internal hydrostatic pressure balanced by the atmospheric pressure. The ground tanks are open to the atmosphere, while the flash chamber is insulated and sealed to retain both heat and vacuum. A theoretical simulation of the proposed model was carried out using a detailed model built by employing the fundamental physical and thermodynamic relationships to describe the process and was complimented by reliable empirical correlations to estimate the physical properties of the involved species and the operational parameters of the proposed system. The simulation results show that running the system at higher flash temperatures with a fixed flash chamber size will result in faster vacuum erosion leading to less overall evaporation.

scholarly journals Impact of Energy Dependence on Ground Level and Avionic SEE Rate Prediction When Applying Standard Test Procedures

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Matteo Cecchetto ◽  
Rubén García Alía ◽  
Frédéric Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Commercial Flight

Single event effects (SEEs) in ground level and avionic applications are mainly induced by neutrons and protons, of which the relative contribution of the latter is larger with increasing altitude. Currently, there are two main applicable standards—JEDEC JESD89A for ground level and IEC 62396 for avionics—that address the procedure for testing and qualifying electronics for these environments. In this work, we extracted terrestrial spectra at different altitudes from simulations and compared them with data available from the standards. Second, we computed the SEE rate using different approaches for three static random access memory (SRAM) types, which present a strong SEE response dependence with energy. Due to the presence of tungsten, a fissile material when interacting with high energy hadrons, the neutron and proton SEE cross sections do not saturate after 200 MeV, but still increase up to several GeV. For these memories, we found standard procedures could underestimate the SEE rate by a factor of up to 4-even in ground level applications—and up to 12 times at 12 km. Moreover, for such memories, the contribution from high energy protons is able to play a significant role, comparable to that of neutrons, even at commercial flight altitudes, and greater at higher altitudes.

Dynamic response of bridges under travelling loads

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Humar ◽  
A. M. Kashif
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Dynamic Amplification Factor ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Dynamic Amplification

In spite of a number of analytical and experimental investigations on the dynamic response of bridges to moving vehicle loads, the controlling parameters that govern the response have not been clearly identified. This has, in turn, inhibited the development of rational design procedures. Based on an analytical investigation of the response of a simplified beam model traversed by a moving mass, the present study identifies the governing parameters. The results clearly show why attempts to correlate the response to a single parameter, either the span length or the fundamental frequency, are unsuccessful. Simple design procedures are developed based on relationships between the speed ratio, the weight ratio, and the dynamic amplification factors; and a set of design curves are provided. Key words: dynamic response of bridges, vehicle–bridge interaction, moving force model, moving sprung mass model, dynamic amplification factor.

Advances in Safe Vehicular Water Tank Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy G. Hagenbuch ◽  
Joshua J. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Water Tank ◽  
Tank Design

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Concepts for Organization and Arranging with Furniture of Office Spaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-113
Author(s):  
Zejnelabedin Aziri ◽  
Elena Nikoljski Panevski
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
And Task

BACKGROUND: With this paper it is made an analysis of the concepts for organization of the furniture and furnishing of office spaces. Two different aspects are beeing developed, which are intended for two different business structures and entities. The comparative approach for two functional divergent concepts allows clearer insight in the requests, the possibilities and the capacities of the premise for each specific purpose. Through the project analyzes the potential users of the office space would have detailed review and knowledge for the planning and the design procedures of the concrete space. The organization of the furniture and the remaining arrangement vary in the two project varieties created for them and are much depended on the analyzes of the anthropometric and ergonomic principles of design being applied in the development of the project varieties.AIM: The aim of the ergonomic analyzes being shown in the paper is to get quality and comfortable working space, in which the human factor is very important.RESULTS: Through better understanding of the ergonomic parameters, the designer can influence on the health and the safety in the working place. In fact, responsibility and task of each designer is to constantly follow the researches in the field of the ergonomic in order to apply, maintain and improve them while designing the furniture and the interior. In this paper the most frequent ergonomic problems are being covered appearing in separate characteristic working places. Also, the amount of communication and manipulation space is being mentioned. Moreover, the nodes with problematic connections are being mentioned and the opportunities to overcome them. CONCLUSION: Only with quality understanding of the human factor, its working place, the equipment, the working environment and the interaction relationships which exist between them, could the furniture and the interiors be designed in healthy and safe manner to create effective and efficient working systems.

scholarly journals Student of Water Tanks Characteristics for Residential and Commerical Buildings in Oman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rashid Said Al Ismaili ◽  
Adeel H. Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stainless Steel Tank

Water tank is an important element in water distribution system. The project is studied the characteristics of water tanks and the main objective of it to identify the selection criteria for the water tank. Furthermore, Selection of water tank is a challenge for many individuals and companies. The study is gathers information from many sources such as literature reviews, companies, questionnaire and experts in order to reach to the main important characteristic of water tanks. The selection of water tank depends heavily on the applications. As a result, it found that the best type of storage tanks for sweet water used for human consumption are two types, one of which is polyvinyl chloride to store a quantity of less than five cubic meters and the other is stainless steel tank to store more than five cubic meters. The study found that the best reservoir for irrigation and sewage uses is the carbon steel tank. On the other hand, the study found that the stainless-steel tank is best suited for storage of seawater, which requires a material that can withstand corrosion.

Solar Flash Desalination Under Hydrostatically Sustained Vacuum

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abutayeh ◽  
Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Produce Water

Creating vacuum conditions above liquids increases their evaporation rates. This phenomenon can be integrated into a practical continuous desalination process by repeatedly flashing seawater in vacuumed chambers to produce water vapor that condenses afterwards producing fresh water. Gravity can be used to balance the hydrostatic pressure inside the flash chambers with the outdoor atmospheric pressure to maintain that vacuum, while low grade solar radiation can be used to add heat to seawater before flashing. The proposed desalination system consists of a saline water tank, a concentrated brine tank, and a fresh water tank placed on ground level plus an evaporator and a condenser located several meters above ground. The evaporator-condenser assembly, or flash chamber, is initially filled with saline water that later drops by gravity creating a vacuum above the water surface in the unit without a vacuum pump. The vacuum is maintained by the internal hydrostatic pressure balanced by the atmospheric pressure. The ground tanks are open to the atmosphere, while the flash chamber is insulated and sealed to retain both heat and vacuum.

scholarly journals Seismic performance of existing water tank after condition ranking using non-destructive testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan B. Nayak ◽  
Sunil B. Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Seismic Retrofit ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract There has been a collaborative attempt to address the seismic vulnerability of existing structures in India after an earthquake in Bhuj, Gujarat, in 2001. Seismic diagnosis and seismic retrofit for the existing tanks have become a remarkable issue to be worked since deterioration is a cosmopolitan and natural phenomenon. It is important to know the exact reason for distress and type of distress. To manage such issues, a proper method of repair and rehabilitation with detailed plans and methodology is required. This paper is aimed at evolving systematic investigation metrology for condition ranking procedure based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and strengthening by various retrofitting strategies. For that case study, an existing elevated water tank is considered, which was designed according to state of the art over 40 years ago as per old Indian Standard (IS) code. The ranking assessment of the elevated service reservoir was carried out using different non-destructive tests (NDTs). DER, i.e., degree (D), extent (E) and relevancy (R) rating technique was employed to find out the condition index of the elevated service reservoir (ESR). After finding the condition ranking of the existing structure, an analysis was carried out using SAP 2000 to find the present-day seismic requirements using IS codes. After knowing the seismic demand of the water tank, various retrofitting methods were adopted for improving the drift capacity and flexural capacity of the structure. The results were finally used to address some of the critical issues of the seismic response of the retrofitted structure in terms of a time period, mode shapes, base shear, displacement, acceleration, and velocity. From the case study result of seismic retrofit for the existing elevated water tank, it is confirmed that a relatively simple seismic retrofit method is effective to keep the tank functional after an earthquake.

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