scholarly journals Les premières traductions de l’Iphigénie à Aulis d’Euripide, d’Érasme à Thomas Sébillet

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Virginie Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
First Person ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Poetic Translation ◽  
Joachim Du Bellay ◽  
Taking Care ◽  
Iphigenia At Aulis

En 1506, Érasme est le premier à traduire en latin des tragédies grecques entières, en l’occurrence deux tragédies d’Euripide, Hécube et Iphigénie à Aulis. S’il adopte pour l’Hécube une traduction vers à vers, il opte dans l’Iphigénie pour une traduction plus détaillée en veillant à produire dans la langue cible les effets de l’original. Dans son ouvrage sur L’Hécube d’Euripide en France, Bruno Garnier a montré comment la traduction latine d’Érasme a influencé la première traduction française de l’Hécube, attribuée à Guillaume Bochetel (1544). Cet article est consacré aux premières traductions de l’Iphigénie à Aulis et, en particulier, à celle de Thomas Sébillet qui se mesure à Érasme pour démontrer, contre Joachim Du Bellay, la capacité d’une traduction poétique à illustrer la langue française. In 1506, Erasmus was the first person to translate complete Greek tragedies into Latin, in this case two tragedies by Euripides, Hecuba and Iphigenia at Aulis. Though he used a verse by verse translation for Hecuba, he opted in Iphigenia for a more detailed translation, taking care to reproduce in the target language the effects of the original. In his work on Euripides’ Hecuba in France, Bruno Garnier has shown how the Latin translation of Erasmus influenced the first French translation of Hecuba, attributed to Guillaume Bochetel (1544). This article addresses the first translations of Iphigenia at Aulis and in particular that of Thomas Sébillet. He pitted himself against Erasmus to demonstrate, contrary to Joachim Du Bellay, the capacity of a poetic translation to exemplify the French language.

scholarly journals Test de Français Laval-Montreal: Does It Measure What It Should Measure?

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Romain Schmitt ◽  
Shahrzad Saif
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Formation Initiale ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Language Needs

This article reports on a study conducted as part of a larger investigation of the predictive validity of the Test de Français Laval-Montreal (TFLM), a high-stakes French language test used for admission and placement purposes for Teacher- Training Programs (TTPs) in major francophone universities in Canada (Schmitt, 2015). The objective of this study is to examine the validity of TFLM tasks for measuring language abilities required by tasks common to the Target Language Use (TLU; Bachman & Palmer, 2010) domains in which preservice teachers are expected to function. Adopting Messick’s conception of construct validity (1989) and Bachman & Palmer’s Framework of Task Characteristics (2010), the study features a comprehensive task analysis detailing the characteristics of TFLM tasks in contrast to those of three major TLU academic and instructional contexts linked to the test. The results of the study are discussed in terms of the standards of validity (Messick, 1996) and qualities of usefulness (Bachman & Palmer, 1996). Findings suggest that TFLM tasks and constructs do not represent those of the TLU contexts and do not address the language needs of preservice teachers as identified by the Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS). The implications for the consequential aspect of TFLM validity and the potential nega- tive consequences of TFLM use as an admission test are discussed. Cet article présente une partie d’une étude plus complète sur la validité prédictive du Test de Français Laval-Montréal (TFLM), test de langue française à enjeux critiques utilisé comme test d’admission et de placement dans les programmes de formation initiale en enseignement d’importantes universités francophones au Canada (Schmitt, 2015). Le but de ce e étude est d’analyser la validité des tâches du TFLM à des fins d’évaluation des compétences linguistiques exigées dans les tâches communes aux domaines d’utilisation de la langue cible dans lesquels les enseignants en formation doivent fonctionner (Target Language Use (TLU); Bachman & Palmer, 2010). Basée sur la conception de la validité conceptuelle de Messick (1989) et le cadre d’analyse des caractéristiques des tâches de Bachman & Palmer (2010), l’étude compare de manière détaillée les tâches du TFLM à celles de trois contextes académiques et pédagogiques d’emploi de la langue cible. Les résultats de cette analyse sont évalués en termes de validité (Messick, 1996) et des qualités des tests (Bachman & Palmer, 1996). Les résultats indiquent que les tâches du TFLM et les construits qu’il est sensé évaluer ne correspondent pas à ceux des contextes d’emploi de la langue cible et ne répondent pas aux besoins des ensei- gnants en formation tels qu’identi és par le Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS). La validité du TFLM, les conséquences ainsi que les aspects potentiellement négatifs de son utilisation comme test d’admission sont discutés. 

scholarly journals Sobre a tradução poética e o Poetry Slam: crepa! – uma análise e muitos diálogos

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Cardoso Santos ◽  
Alice Rodrigues Crivano da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Italian Studies ◽  
Poetic Translation ◽  
Artistic Performance

RESUMO: O presente trabalho visa a ratificar o papel do tradutor como mediador entre culturas ao discutir as estratégias utilizadas na tradução e na retradução de um poema escrito em língua italiana. O corpus de análise, o poema crepa! criado pelo escritor e poeta sardo Sergio Garau, traduzido para língua portuguesa e apresentado na edição da FLUP de 2016, é um expoente da poetry slam, atribuindo a importância da oralidade, da métrica e das rimas do original durante o ato tradutório. Nesta modalidade, cuja performance artística é essencial para agregar significado ao poema, a meta objetivada seria produzir uma tradução satisfatoriamente fiel tanto no que diz respeito à forma quanto ao conteúdo. À luz de teóricos como Paulo Henriques Brito, Umberto Eco, dentre outros, evidenciamos dificuldades e soluções durante o desafio da tradução poética intercultural. Neste, também comentamos sobre outras questões igualmente pertinentes como a possibilidade de contato com o autor para solucionar eventuais dúvidas; a importância do trabalho em equipe na busca de outras perspectivas para a transposição do poema à língua de chegada; a validade de uma tradução e a necessidade de uma nova versão da mesma em prol da aprimoração constante do trabalho realizado pelo tradutor.Palavras-chave: Tradução poética. Tradução intercultural. Italianística. ABSTRACT: Questo lavoro si propone di confermare il ruolo del traduttore come mediatore tra culture discutendo le strategie utilizzate nella traduzione e nella ritraduzione di una poesia scritta in italiano. Il corpus di analisi, il poema crepa! creato dallo scrittore e poeta sardo Sergio Garau, tradotto in portoghese e presentato nell'edizione della FLUP 2016, è un esponente del poetry slam, attribuendo l'importanza dell'oralità, della metrica e delle rime dell'originale durante l'atto di traduzione. In questa modalità, la cui esecuzione artistica è essenziale per aggiungere significato al poema, l'obiettivo mirato sarebbe quello di produrre una traduzione soddisfacentemente fedele sia in termini di forma che di contenuto. Alla luce di teorici come Paulo Henriques Brito, Umberto Eco, tra gli altri, mettiamo in evidenza difficoltà e soluzioni durante la sfida della traduzione poetica interculturale. In questo commentiamo anche altre questioni altrettanto pertinenti come la possibilità di contattare l'autore per risolvere eventuali dubbi; l'importanza del lavoro di squadra alla ricerca di altre prospettive per trasporre la poesia nella lingua di destinazione; la validità di una traduzione e la necessità di una nuova versione per migliorare costantemente il lavoro svolto dal traduttore.Parole chiave: Traduzione poetica. Traduzione interculturale. Italianistica.ABSTRACT: This work aims to confirm the role of the translator as a mediator between cultures by discussing the strategies used in the translation and re-translation of a poem written in Italian. The corpus of analysis, the poem crepa! created by sardinian writer and poet Sergio Garau, translated into portuguese and presented in the 2016 edition of FLUP, it’s an exponent of poetry slam, attributing the importance of orality, meter and rhymes of the original during the translation act. In this modality, whose artistic performance is essential to add meaning to the poem, the aimed goal would be to produce a satisfactorily faithful translation both in terms of form and content. In the light of theorists such as Paulo Henriques Brito, Umberto Eco, among others, we highlight difficulties and solutions during the challenge of intercultural poetic translation. In this work, we also comment on other equally pertinent issues such as the possibility of contacting the author to resolve any doubts; the importance of teamwork in search of other perspectives for transposing the poem to the target language; the validity of a translation and the need of a new version in order to constantly improve the work performed by the translator.Key words: Poetic Translation. Intercultural Translation. Italian Studies.

Traduire la culture poétique du français en anglais

Babel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-353
Author(s):  
Tuesday Owoeye
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Poetic Translation ◽  
French And English ◽  
Poetic Culture

That literary texts appear to be more difficult to translate than technical ones is no longer a subject of debate. This truth is fundamentally as a result of obvious challenges the literary translator has to face, since he is under the obligation to translate not only the literal meaning of his source text, but also its literary style. Even within the literary field of translation, if the translator of prose or drama rarely has an easy task, the translator of poetry is likely to meet harder obstacles in the course of his exercise. Poetry — especially when it has to do with traditional poems – appears, thus, the most dreaded terrain for the translator.<p>This article presents a comparative study of the poetic culture of French and English with the principal objective of demystifying the theoretical and practical problems associated with poetic translation. Supported by a critical analysis of an English translation of a French sonnet, the paper argues that the work of the poetic translator would be made more simplified if priority is given to the culture of the target language. The article thus recommends faithfulness to the poetic culture of the target language in order to produce a translation that will be acceptable to the reader of that language.<p>

scholarly journals ROLE OF ENGLISH AFFIXOIDS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN AND FRENCH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Character Feature ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Building Level

AbstractBackground. The article is devoted to the influence of borrowed affixoids on the wordbuildingsubsystems of the target languages. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of borrowingsfrom English on the word-building subsystem of the target languages and namely to define the roleof affixoids in productive ways of modern word-building. The aim preconditions the performing ofthe following tasks: analysis of the nature of affixoids; revealing peculiarities of borrowed affixoidsfunctioning in target languages. Methods. In the article the following methods are used: 1) for detecting the volume andmeaning of the term affixoid the method of the review of the existing literature has been used; 2) forrevealing the constituent parts of the lexical units the method of distributive has been used; 3) fordescribing the peculiarities of quasi-composites and existing word-patterns the methods ofonomasiological and formal analysis have been used. Results. If one analyses the appearance of the affixoid. -gate, it is necessary to take intoconsideration, that it is formed due to the so-called “intercalated” or “telescopic” formation ofnew words, when one word is “inserted” into another, as a result of which an unusual, occasionalformation appears. In modern Ukrainian and Russian we can reveal the development of newmeaning which is absolutely different from the primary meaning. Some people are even sure that -gate is the synonym of the word scandal. Borrowing word-forming models is another character feature of language that causes theappearance of quasi-composites. In French, for example, it is possible to observe the interestingphenomenon of borrowing not structural parts, but word-building samples. The presence of “falseEnglishisms” in the French language proves once again that very often not only separate words areborrowed, but also word-forming material. Discussion. Processes of borrowing influence the target languages in many different ways.The most common of them is direct borrowing, assimilation of concrete lexical units. But recentlythe facts of influence of the source language have become more and more common, so processes ofborrowing have an impact not only on the lexical subsystem of the target language, but also on theword-building level by assimilating productive affixes and affixoids, as well as common wordbuildingpatterns and models. The field of affixoids still requires new linguistic research, especiallyin connection with the processes of borrowing and the tendency of the modern languages tosimplification. It is very important to observe new ways of enriching vocabulary where assimilationof foreign affixoids is becoming more and more productive. The independent functioning ofaffixoids in target languages is also worth describing and analyzing.

scholarly journals Der Heros und die starken Frauen

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Greek Source

ZusammenfassungThis paper takes a critical look at how the first German translation of Homer – Simon Schaidenreisser’s Odyssea from the sixteenth century – deals with the identity-forming categories of gender and divinity. The shifts in power structures within these categories, which occur in the transcultural target language-oriented translation, are examined in an intersectional analysis. For this purpose, the translation is contrasted with the Latin translation of the Odyssey by Raphael Volaterranus (1534), Schaidenreisser’s direct source, as well as with Homer’s Greek source text. The subjects of this analysis are the two powerful, antagonistic, female divinities of the Odyssey: Circe and Calypso. The paper illustrates how the depiction of the goddesses is reshaped in the Early Modern cultural context of the translation and how power structures shift within the narrative, resulting in a loss of power and intersectional complexity for the goddesses and a re-evaluation of the narrative’s hero, Ulysses.

scholarly journals Conversações entre futuros professores de FLE: proposta de desenho para a prática on-line da interação oral na formação docente

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Carmen De la Torre Aranda ◽  
Thomas Petit ◽  
Karina Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
On Line ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
The University

Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos uma proposta de desenho de curso em ambientes on-line para o aperfeiçoamento da competência de interação oral na formação inicial de professores de línguas estrangeiras. O acompanhamento de estudantes no período de Estágio Supervisionado do Curso Letras - Francês da UnB permitiu-nos identificar lacunas nessa competência, a partir das quais pensamos numa alternativa curricular capaz de ampliar os espaços e tempos de prática da língua alvo em contexto real. Adotamos a metodologia de Pesquisa Baseada no Desenho pelas respostas que ela traz ao nosso objetivo de conceber um curso envolvendo tecnologia digital, interação oral e mediação humana, além do vínculo essencial que ela propõe entre desenho, pesquisa e prática. De acordo com a metodologia retida, apresentamos neste texto as etapas de análise, desenho, desenvolvimento e implementação do curso de extensão universitária Conversações entre futuros professores de FLE, oferecido desde 2013 em parceria com a Université de Poitiers (França). Palavras-chave: Interação oral. Tecnologias digitais. Pesquisa baseada em desenho.   Conversations between future French teachers: a proposal of design for on-line oral interaction practice in initial training Abstract In this paper, we present the proposal for the design of an online course that aims at improving oral interaction skills in the context of pre-service foreign languages teacher training . The support given to students during the French Language Degree Supervised Internship at UnB enabled us to identify shortcomings of this skill. As a result, we considered a curricular alternative to allow more space and time for the target language practice in real context settings. We adopted the Design-Based Research methodology, because of the answers that it brings to our aim of designing a course involving digital technology, oral interaction and mediation, as well as the essential link promoted between design, research and practice. According to this approach, we hereby present the analysis, design, development and implementation stages of the extension course “Conversations between pre-service French teachers”, offered since 2013 in partnership with the University of Poitiers, France. Keywords: Oral interaction. Digital technologies. Design-Based Research.

Using French Language Facebook Posts to Increase Beginning Students’ Instrumentality and Cultural Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Shelly Wyatt ◽  
Glenda Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Language Orientation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of interactions with native French language Facebook posts on beginning French language learners’ attitudes towards the target language and culture. Participants in this study were recruited from two sections of FRE 1120, Elementary French Language and Civilization I at the University of Central Florida. Native French language Facebook posts were ‘pushed’ to participants’ personal Facebook News Feeds over the course of four weeks, with posts pushed on weekdays only. Dörnyei and Clément’s (2001) Language Orientation Questionnaire was used to measure participants’ attitudes towards the target language and culture. Data were analysed using a split-plot ANOVA. A total of twenty-six participants completed the study, with fourteen participants in the control group and twelve participants in the treatment group. Both sections of FRE 1120 were conducted in a face-to-face modality and were taught by the same instructor. Results indicated that participants’ attitudes towards the target language and culture were not significantly impacted by interaction with native French language Facebook posts. Opportunities for future research include increasing the size of the sample, increasing the length of the study, and selecting participants who are more advanced in their mastery of the target language.

John Palsgrave’s ‘Lesclaircissement De La Langue Francoyse’ (1530)

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Kibbee
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Abstract Representation ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Nasal Vowels ◽  
Logical Grammar ◽  
French Grammar ◽  
Attention To Detail

Summary John Palsgrave, an Englishman, wrote the first detailed grammar of the French language, Lesclaircissement de la langue francoyse (1530). This work is remarkable not only for its length but also for its quality. Palsgrave wrote a pedagogical text for his English readers, using a system which leads the learner from the development of passive skills (interpretation, both oral andintellectual, of written texts) to the development of active skills (expressing oneself in the target language). At the same time, he responded to the French Humanist desire to bring the vernacular languages under the control of ‘rules certayne’. In its grammatical method, Lesclaircissement exemplifies a stage in the development of Humanist grammar, as the Renaissance grammarians moved from a method based on forms to a more abstract representation of linguistic facts. As such, Palsgrave’s work stands half-way between the early Renaissance calques upon Donatus and the later excursions into logical grammar. In phonetics, Palsgrave’s attention to detail leads him to a clear recognition of the importance of nasal vowels in French (even if his articulatory description of the nasal vowels leaves something to be desired). In phonology, he aspires to a greater level of abstraction through his attempts to link liaison and elision phenomena to French phonotactics. In morpho-syntax, he uses the notion of perfection in language to provide an underlying structure in which the syntactic and the logical structure are explicit. He then explains how the languages in question ‘circumlocute’ to express the underlying structures. In this way, he prefigures the work of Meigret in French grammar. For all of his accomplishments, however, Palsgrave’s work had little influence on his successors. It had only one printing of 750 copies, and Palsgrave himself restricted the sales. Still, the work deserves our attention because of its wealth of detail and because of the method it uses.

scholarly journals Written in “Women’s Ink”: French Translation and Female Power in Carol Shields’s Unless

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Foster Stovel
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
French Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Street Corner ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Power

Carol Shields’s last novel, Unless (2002), was a finalist for the Canada Reads contest for the best Canadian novel of the first decade of the 20th century. It would have been an ideal winner, not only because it is a brilliant novel, but also because it is distinctively Canadian in combining English and French. Protagonist-narrator Reta Winters, née Summers, daughter of a Francophone mother and Anglophone father, combines Canada’s official languages. Reta, like Shields, is bilingue and a translator and fiction writer. The opening segment of Unless focuses on the politics and poetics of her translations from French to English. She makes particular use of French: whenever Reta, or Shields, wants to emphasize a point, such as women’s powerlessness, she employs French translation.Shields employs three levels of translation in Unless. First, Reta’s literal translations of the texts of Danielle Westerman, French “feminist pioneer,” introduce the narrative. Second, Shields translates her breast cancer narrative into a novel about her daughter’s disappearance: Norah sits on a street corner with a sign reading “GOODNESS.” To discover her daughter, Reta embarks on an ethical quest. Third, Reta transfers her realization about women’s powerlessness, which she suspects instigated Norah’s disappearance, to her theory of fiction in this metafictional text. Finally, Reta's reflection on fiction is transformed into a feminist manifesto. Her awakening inspires a new understanding of the moral responsibility of fiction to reflect reality, especially the relationship between gender and power in this millennial novel. Reta practices “bean-counting,” noting the all-male lists of the world’s greatest thinkers and writers—“testicular hit-list[s] of literary big cats.” Reta writes six letters of protest, but doesn’t send them. If Reta is afraid to publish her views on inequality, Shields is not: she believes in “blurt[ing] bravely.”“Unless” is the pivotal concept of the novel, offering alternative narratives. Reta emphasizes the concept by noting, “Ironically, unless, the lever that finally shifts reality into a new perspective, cannot be expressed in French.”Unless women’s voices, including the silent voice of “a Muslim woman” who self-immolated on the street corner where Norah appeals for goodness, our society cannot become ethical.This essay explores Shields’s use of French language and translation to challenge the inextricable connection between gender and power in our society generally and literary culture particularly, to examine the ethics of egalitarianism regarding women and cultural “others,” and to explore the interrelationships between existence and fiction.

scholarly journals La primera traducción del llatín al asturianu: el Fueru de Lleón / The first Latin translation into Asturian: the Fueru de Lleón (the Code of Law of León)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Olga Álvarez Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Latin Text ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Original Target ◽  
The One

L’oxetivu principal d’esti trabayu ye analizar tolos aspeutos relativos al procesu de traducción a llingua romance d’un fueru llatinu del que la primer copia caltenida remonta al primer cuartu del sieglu XII y atópase na Catedral d’Uviéu. Del testu romance llegaron a nós tres versiones llixeramente distintes, toes elles del sieglu XIII. La comparanza d’eses tres versiones col testu llatinu dexa concluyir que son resultáu d’un únicu procesu de traducción en que’l traductor caltúvose escrupulosamente fiel al testu orixinal, pero esforzóse tamién n’afaer la sintaxis llatina al romance. Como hai ciertes diferencies ente los tres testos romances foi necesaria la revisión rigurosa de los mesmos, pa pescudar cuál de les versiones ye o representa más fielmente’l testu orixinal. De resultes d’ello concluyóse que nenguna d’elles ye la traducción orixinal, sinón que les tres copies unvien a un orixinal perdíu y propónse tamién que, de les tres versiones romances llegaes hasta nós, la del monesteriu de Benevívere ye la más cercana al que sedría’l testu de la traducción orixinal. El testu de Benevívere déxanos añadir dellos datos de tipu llingüísticu non consideraos en trabayos anteriores que taben basaos nos otros dos manuscritos (el d’El Escorial y el de la Real Academia de la Hestoria). Estos datos, fundamentalmente de tipu léxicu, abonden na caracterización como asturianu de la llingua de la traducción orixinal.Pallabres clave: asturianu, llatín, traducción, documentación medieval, Fueru de Lleón.The main goal of this paper is to analyse the translation process of a Latin code of law, the so-called Fueru de Lleón, into a Romance language. The first known copy of this code, or ‘fuero’, dates back to the first quarter of the 12th century and can be found in the Cathedral of Uviéu. Three slightly different versions from the 13th century Romance language text have been preserved and their comparison with the Latin source text reveals that they result from the same translation process in which the translator was completely faithful to the Latin text, while at the same time he made efforts to adjust the Latin syntax to the Romance language form. As there are several differences between the three Romance texts, a rigorous revision was necessary to explore which one represented the source Latin text more faithfully. The analysis concluded that none of them was the original target text, and that the three of them point at a lost original text. It is also suggested that, from the three versions preserved to present times, the text from the Monastery of Benevívere is the closest one to the original translation. The Benevívere text introduces new linguistic data which were not considered in previous work and which are based on two other manuscripts (the text from the Monastery of the Escorial and the one from the Royal Academy of History). These data, mainly lexical, reinforce the idea that Asturian was the target language of the original translation.Key words: Asturian, Latin, translation, medieval documentation, Fueru de Lleón.

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