scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Paper to Manufacture of Hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Cellulose Component ◽  
Short Time

Huge volumes of mixed waste paper (MWP) pollute the environment. Nevertheless, it is an abundant, renewable and inexpensive material, so finding a new way of utilization it is very important. In this article, MWP has been used as initial material for the production of hydrogels. It was found that when MWP is treated with a cold solvent, namely with an aqueous solution of 7%NaOH/12%Urea (N/U), at solvent to initial paper ratio R ≥ 5, complete amorphization of the cellulose component of the paper occurs, as a result of which a hydrogel is formed. In addition, if the alkali of the solvent is neutralized with phosphoric acid, then the resulting hydrogel will contain PN-fertilizer and can be applied in agriculture. Studies have shown that this hydrogel promotes seed germination, increases the water retention of the soil, and then completely decomposes in a short time under the action of enzymes secreted by microorganisms present in the soil.

Recycled fiber treated with NaOH/urea aqueous solution: effects on physical properties of paper sheets and on hornification

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingju Miao ◽  
Yunfei Zhi ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Shaoyun Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
Cellulose Film ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Water Retention Value ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Urea Aqueous Solution ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

Abstract Hydrogen bonding among fiber microfibrils is the primary cause of fiber hornification, wherein NaOH/urea aqueous solution precooled to −13 °C can disassemble inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Whether hornified fibers treated with this process can significantly improve fiber swelling ability and physical properties of the resulting paper sheets remains a problem. In this investigation, the 6th cycle fiber was pretreated with this procedure, and the water retention value of the fiber before and after treatment and the physical properties of the resulting paper sheets were studied. The results indicate that the lignin decline, complete swelling of flat fiber, filling of cellulose film between the interfiber network, and decreasing crystalline region all contribute to the increase in water retention value. The water retention value of repaired fiber is equivalent to that of virgin pulp, and hornification reverses by 89 %. In addition, the cellulose film filling among the fiber network constructs a similar reinforced concrete structure, which causes the tear, burst, and tensile index of the resulting paper sheets to increase by 145 %, 98 %, and 43 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Valorizing Waste Lignocellulose-Based Furniture Boards by Phosphoric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide (Php) Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production and High-Value Lignin Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6175
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhao ◽  
Dong Tian ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Jinguang Hu ◽  
Yongmei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Lignin Recovery ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Three typical waste furniture boards (fiberboard, chipboard, and blockboard) were pretreated with phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide (PHP). The fractionation process of these feedstocks was attempted in order to harvest the cellulose-rich fraction for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol conversion; further, lignin recovery was also considered in this process. The results indicated that 78.9–91.2% of the cellulose was recovered in the cellulose-rich fraction. The decreased crystallinity, which promoted the water retention capacity and enzyme accessibility, contributed greatly to the excellent hydrolysis performance of the cellulose-rich fraction. Therefore, rather high cellulose–glucose conversions of 83.3–98.0% were achieved by hydrolyzing the pretreated furniture boards, which allowed for harvesting 208–241 g of glucose from 1.0 kg of feedstocks. Correspondingly, 8.1–10.4 g/L of ethanol were obtained after 120 h of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The harvested lignin exhibited abundant carboxyl –OH groups (0.61–0.67 mmol g−1). In addition, approximately 15–26 g of harvested oligosaccharides were integrated during PHP pretreatment. It was shown that PHP pretreatment is feasible for these highly recalcitrant biomass board materials, which can diversify the bioproducts used in the integrated biorefinery concept.

Role of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) as a Trap and Catch Crop for Control of Orobanche aegyptiaca and O. cernua

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hershenhorn ◽  
Yaakov Goldwasser ◽  
Dina Plakhine ◽  
Geza Herzlinger ◽  
Shmuel Golan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Orobanche Aegyptiaca ◽  
Heavy Damage

The response of pepper varieties to Egyptian broomrape and nodding broomrape was characterized in comparison with tomatoes grown in pots and in aqueous solution, according to two criteria: 1. germination of the parasite's seeds in the presence of the host roots; and 2. the number of parasites per host plant. More than 50% of Egyptian broomrape seeds germinated in the presence of all pepper variety roots except the sweet pepper Maor. However, only a few attached and developed. The two paprika varieties Lehava and Shani were hosts to more parasites than the sweet pepper varieties, and showed as many as 15 parasites per host plant. In contrast, tomato roots induced less then 10% seed germination but were highly susceptible to the parasite (30 parasites per host plant). Damage caused to pepper foliage and fruit was not significant, compared to the heavy damage caused to tomato. Pepper roots stimulated germination of 22 to 26% of nodding broomrape seeds but without the formation of parasitic attachments, whereas tomato roots stimulated germination of less than 10% of the seeds but the plants were then heavily damaged by the parasite. Interplanting of tomato with pepper in nutrient solution did not change the amount of Egyptian broomrape parasites on pepper, hut a fourfold increase in the number of nodding broomrape was observed on tomato roots, compared to the number of parasites on tomato roots when planted without pepper.

scholarly journals On the Amount of Phosphoric Acid in the Sea-Water off Plymouth Sound. II

1917 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Matthews.
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Short Time

The amount of phosphoric acid in sea-water off Plymouth was at a maximum of 0.06 mg. per litre of P2O5 at the end of December, 1915, after which it fell irregularly to a minimum of less than 0.01 mg., which extended from the last week of April to the latter part of May; it then increased again and in January, 1917, reached the same value as the average for the first part of the month in the previous year.This seasonal variation is probably to be attributed to the removal of the phosphates from solution, at first by the fixed algæ, and later in the spring by the diatoms and for a short time by Phcœcyslis. There is also present in sea-water taken near Plymouth another soluble compound of phosphorus which can be converted into phosphoric acid by oxidising agents.

Study on the aqueous solution behavior and extraction mechanism of Nd(iii) in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (79) ◽  
pp. 64550-64556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Hua Yin ◽  
Shi-Wei Li ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Li-Bo Zhang ◽  
Jin-Hui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Solution Behavior ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Extraction Mechanism

The aqueous solution behavior and extraction mechanism of single Nd(iii) from a chloride medium with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA, H2A2) in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid (HLac) have been reported.

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