scholarly journals Light up the Future – a New Paradigm: Photobiomodulation as a Non-Surgical Cancer Treatment Modality: a Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenomas

Non Functioning Pituitary Macroadenoma (NFPA) comprise about 80% of all pituitary macroadenomas. NFPAs are frequently found incidentally during imaging studies performed for unrelated reasons.Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-evasive technique that uses certain wavelengths of light to restore, repair, and protect tissue that is either injured, degenerating, or at risk of dying. It has the ability to promote the body’s own immune responses and are able to penetrate into the cells, tissues, blood, nerves, the brain, and into the bones. Perhaps besides radical surgical approach, we could explore adjuvant methods of treatments to complement this. In conclusion, PBM might be introduced as an adjunct treatment option for patients with brain tumour, non-operable brain lesions or those who declined radical surgery and opted for active surveillance.This case report highlightsphotobiomodulation antitumourigenesis effects in reduction of pituitary tumour volume.

Patients with pituitary macroadenomas: what do they complain about and whom do they visit first?

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Yulia G. Krivosheeva ◽  
Irena A. Ilovayskaya ◽  
Alexander V. Dreval ◽  
Galina A. Stashuk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast ◽  
Gadolinium Contrast Agents ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Visual Disorders ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenomas

Aim: to evaluate the primary complaints of patients with pituitary macroadenomas and “first-referred” specialists for them.Material and Methods. 351 with pituitary macroadenomas (at least one size >10 mm) were examined: 144 non-functional adenomas (NFA), 65 macroprolactinomas, 142 somatotropinomas. A pituitary adenoma was considered as giant if at least one of the sizes was >40 mm. MRI with an impact study of the pituitary was performed on high field instrument Intera Achieva (PHILIPS company) 3.0 TL, with intravenous extracellular gadolinium contrast agents. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the IBM statistical program SPSS Statistics 20 for Windows 7.0 with variation statistics methods for nonparametric data. The data are expressed as Mе [25%, 75%].Results. The patients’ age ranged from 20 to 80 years and were: NFA 60 [51; 66] y.o., prolactinomas 44 [35; 59] y.o. and somatotropinomas 57 [47; 66] y.o. (р<0.001). Pituitary tumour volumes were: NFA 5,526 [2,460; 11,774] mm3, prolactinomas 5,275 [1,408; 10,566]) mm3 and somatotropinomas 2,814 [1,226; 4,708] mm3 (р<0.001). First patients’ complaints were: NFA – headache (61.7%) and visual disorders (34.8%), prolactinomas – headache (36.8%) and menstrual disorders (27.3%), somatotropinomas – appearance change (31.1%) and headache (32.8%). There was no correlation found between headache and tumour volume however significant correlation was revealed between visual disorders and tumour volume as well as vertical and sagittal sizes of the tumour. The most often “first referred” specialists were: NFA – neurologist (43%) and ophthalmologist (20%), prolactinomas – gynecologist (36.4% of patients of reproductive age) and neurologist (31%); somatotropinomas – endocrinologist (28%) and therapist (25%). Among macroadenomas 32 giant tumors were found: 18 NFA (12.5% of all NFA group), 8 (12.3%) prolactinomas, 6 (4.2%) somatotropinomas. The median age of patients with giant macroadenomas were: NFA 54 [38; 68] y.o., prolactinomas 29 [25; 43] y.o. and somatotropinomas 34 [24; 46] y.o. Tumour volumes of giant adenomas were: NFA 28,190 [21,143; 44,896] mm3; prolactinomas 38,592 [15,994; 78,606] мм3; and somatotropinomas 51,209 [36,703; 102,207] mm3 (p<0.001). Main complaints for patient with giant pituitary tumours were visual impairment (60%, 18 patients – 11 patients with NFA, 4 prolactinomas and 3 somatotropinomas) and headache (44%, 14 patients – 8 patients with NFA, 5 prolactinomas and 1 patient with somatotropinoma). The most often “first referred” specialists were ophthalmologist (50%, 16 patients – 9 patients with NFA, 4 prolactinomas and 3 somatotropinomas) and neurologist (34.4%, 11 cases – 8 patients with NFA, 2 with prolactinomas and 1 with somatotropinoma). Conclusions. Headache and visual impairment were the most often complaints in our cohort of macroadenoma patients, however there were some discrepancies between groups of tumours with different hormonal activity. Neurologist and ophthalmologist should be aware of patients with pituitary macroadenomas, headache and visual disorders should be strong indications for pituitary MRI especially in patients younger than 50. 

scholarly journals CADASIL: case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Vasconcelos da Silva ◽  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Notch 3 ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Cerebral Arteriopathy ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary cerebral arteriopathy caused by mutations in the Notch-3 gene. The diagnosis is reached by skin biopsy revealing presence of granular osmiophílic material (GOM), and/or by genetic testing for Notch-3. We report a case of a 52-year-old man with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIA), migraine, in addition to progressive sensory, motor and cognitive impairment. He was submitted to a neuropsychological assessment with the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) battery along with other tests, as well as neuroimaging and genetic analysis for Notch-3, confirming the diagnosis. Executive function, memory, language and important apraxic changes were found. Imaging studies suggested greater involvement in the frontal lobes and deep areas of the brain.

scholarly journals RECURRENT MENINGIOMA AFTER INITIAL RESECTION SURGERY – CASE REPORT

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Ioana Cociasu ◽  
◽  
Irene Davidescu ◽  
Ioan Buraga ◽  
Bogdan O. Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Initial Resection

The most common tumours of the central nervous system, meningiomas are frequently diagnosed by accident when patients undergo imaging studies of the brain for other reasons. Most patients lack symptoms and thus can live their whole lives without knowing they have a brain tumour. Less fortunate patients seek medical advice for troubling symptoms – like seizures or disturbances of the cranial nerves – get surgery for the excision of the tumour and years later fi nd out their tumour has come back. We are presenting the case of such a patient with a recurrent parietal meningioma.

scholarly journals Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibson O. Anugwom ◽  
Alexsandra Urhi ◽  
David O. Otuada ◽  
Funso Oladunjoye ◽  
Arthur Dilibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
The Brain

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a neurological disorder of an unprovoked type of focal (partial) epilepsy that begins in the temporal lobe of the brain. Patients with this condition are often misdiagnosed due to similarities in presentation to other conditions. In this case report, we presented a 34-year-old male, who had symptoms of hallucination, anxiety, and depression which can be seen in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Due overlap in symptoms, he was misdiagnosed to have schizophrenia. Following subsequent review of his medical history and findings seen in his laboratory work and imaging studies, it was determined that his symptoms were caused by seizures originating from an atrophic lesion in his hippocampus found on magnetic resonance imaging of his temporal lobe.

scholarly journals Choroid plexus papilloma and Aicardi syndrome: case report

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Pianetti Filho ◽  
Luiz Fernando Fonseca ◽  
Márcia Cristina da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Baby Girl ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aicardi Syndrome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plexus Papilloma

A case of Aicardi syndrome associated with a choroid plexus papilloma of the third and both lateral ventricles in a 15 months old baby girl is repported. The tumor was completely removed via three craniotomies. Reports of the literature with the association of choroid plexus papilloma and Aicardi syndrome are rare. We suggest that children diagnosed with Aicardi syndrome should routinely undergo imaging studies of the brain, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance.

Right frontotemporal craniotomy for ECA-to-MCA direct and indirect bypass and occipital artery indirect bypass to the posterior circulation: case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mitchell W. Couldwell ◽  
Samuel Cheshier ◽  
Philipp Taussky ◽  
Vance Mortimer ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Collateral Vessel ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Indirect Revascularization ◽  
The Brain

Moyamoya is an uncommon disease that presents with stenoocclusion of the major vasculature at the base of the brain and associated collateral vessel formation. Many pediatric patients with moyamoya present with transient ischemic attacks or complete occlusions. The authors report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with posterior fossa hemorrhage and was treated with an emergency suboccipital craniotomy for evacuation. After emergency surgery, an angiogram was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with moyamoya disease. Six months later, the patient was treated for moyamoya using direct and indirect revascularization; after surgery there was excellent vascularization in both regions of the bypass and no further progression of moyamoya changes. This case illustrates a rare example of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with moyamoya changes in the posterior vascularization in a pediatric patient and subsequent use of direct and indirect revascularization to reduce the risk of future hemorrhage and moyamoya progression.

scholarly journals Heterotopic ossification in lymph node metastasis after rectal cancer resection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nagano ◽  
Tamotsu Togawa ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Ohnishi ◽  
Toshihisa Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of osseous tissue outside the skeleton. HO in malignant tumors of the digestive tract is extremely rare, as is ossification in metastatic lesions from HO-negative digestive tract tumors. Regarding the pathogenesis of HO, two theories have been proposed. The first is that the osteoblastic metaplasia of tumor cells (driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) results in HO, and the second is that factors secreted by cancer cells lead to the metaplasia of stromal pluripotent cells into osteoblasts. However, the osteogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Case presentation An 83-year-old Japanese woman underwent low anterior rectal resection for rectal cancer before presentation at our institution, in June 2018. The final diagnosis was stage IIB rectal adenocarcinoma (T4aN0M0). Histological examination did not reveal HO in the primary tumor. Thirteen months after the operation, a solitary metastatic lesion in the brain 20 mm in size and a solitary metastatic lesion in a right axillary lymph node 20 mm in size were diagnosed. The patient was treated with gamma-knife therapy for the brain metastasis. One month later, she was referred to our institution. She underwent lymph node resection. Histological examination revealed that most portions of the affected lymph node were occupied by metastatic tumor cells and that central necrosis and four small ossified lesions without an osteoblast-like cell rim were present in the peripheral region. Immunohistochemical analysis showed tumor cells positive for BMP-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, AE1/AE3, TGF-β1, Gli2, Smad2/3, and CDX2 and negative for nestin, CD56, and CK7. Conclusion This is the first English case report of HO in a metachronous metastatic lymph node after the curative resection of HO-negative rectal cancer. Unlike HO lesions in past reports, the HO lesion did not show peripheral osteoblast-like cells, and the immunohistochemical findings indicated that the present case resulted from the EMT.

De Novo Development of a Cavernous Malformation of the Brain: Significance of Factors with Paracrine and Endocrine Activity: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Lüdemann ◽  
Verena Ellerkamp ◽  
Alexandru C. Stan ◽  
Sami Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cavernous Malformation ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Evidence for Differential Roles for NKG2D Receptor Signaling in Innate Host Defense against Coronavirus-Induced Neurological and Liver Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 3021-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Walsh ◽  
Melissa B. Lodoen ◽  
Robert A. Edwards ◽  
Lewis L. Lanier ◽  
Thomas E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Infection of SCID mice with a recombinant murine coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus [MHV]) expressing the T-cell chemoattractant CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) resulted in increased survival and reduced viral burden within the brain and liver compared to those of mice infected with an isogenic control virus (MHV), supporting an important role for CXCL10 in innate immune responses following viral infection. Enhanced protection in MHV-CXCL10-infected mice correlated with increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells within the brain and reduced liver pathology. To explore the underlying mechanisms associated with protection from disease in MHV-CXCL10-infected mice, the functional contributions of the NK cell-activating receptor NKG2D in host defense were examined. The administration of an NKG2D-blocking antibody to MHV-CXCL10-infected mice did not reduce survival, dampen IFN-γ production in the brain, or affect liver pathology. However, NKG2D neutralization increased viral titers within the liver, suggesting a protective role for NKG2D signaling in this organ. These data indicate that (i) CXCL10 enhances innate immune responses, resulting in protection from MHV-induced neurological and liver disease; (ii) elevated NK cell IFN-γ expression in the brain of MHV-CXCL10-infected mice occurs independently of NKG2D; and (iii) NKG2D signaling promotes antiviral activity within the livers of MHV-infected mice that is not dependent on IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion.

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