scholarly journals Acute effect of three different warm-up protocols on maximal isokinetic strength in young men

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rodrigues ◽  
Sara Gabellone Hernandez ◽  
Fabiano De Macedo Salgueirosa ◽  
Ednaldo Oliveira ◽  
Lee Wharton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Strength Capacity

Objective: To investigate the acute effect of three different warm-up protocols on a maximal isokinetic strength test. Methods: Twenty-two male, recreational athletes involved in regular resistance training were evaluated. Subjects performed a maximal isokinetic strength test of the knee extensors in an isokinetic dynamometer after completing a control session or one of the following warm-up protocols using a randomized design: a general warm-up, stretching warm-up, or specific warm-up. The comparison between treatments was completed through Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance, followed by a Bonferroni “post hoc” test (p < 0.05). Results: The only difference found was the concentric peak moment following the application of the specific warm-up protocol, which was lower than the control session (12.94%; p < 0.05). No other differences were noted in eccentric peak movement or total work (concentric + eccentric) parameter after application of any the warm-up protocols within control condition (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this investigation showed that none of warm-up protocols applied were able to change the total work of maximal isokinetic strength. Thus, our investigation suggests that the general warm-up, stretching warm-up and specific warm-up have had no adverse or improved effectiveness on acute muscle strength capacity.

scholarly journals Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Quadriceps Isokinetic Strength and Power in Healthy Nonathletic Men: A Prospective Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Korman ◽  
Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa ◽  
Radosław Rutkowski ◽  
Jakub Gruszczyński ◽  
Jacek Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Concentric Contractions ◽  
Kinesio Taping

Objectives. The effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on muscular performance remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of KT on the maximum concentric and eccentric quadriceps isokinetic strength.Study Design. This is a single-blinded, placebo crossover, repeated measures study.Methods. Maximum isokinetic concentric/eccentric extension torque, work, and power were assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer without taping (NT) and with KT or placebo taping (PT) in 17 healthy young men. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analyses.Results. Testing concentric contractions at 60°/s or 180°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in peak torque (Nm), total work (J), or mean power (W) were noted among the application modes under different conditions. Testing eccentric contractions at 30°/s or 60°/s isokinetic speed, no significant differences in mentioned parameters were noted, respectively. KT on the quadriceps neither decreased nor increased muscle strength in the participants.Conclusion. KT application onto the skin overlying the quadriceps muscle does not enhance the strength or power of knee extensors in healthy men.

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

scholarly journals Efectos agudos de distintas estrategias de calentamiento sobre el rendimiento físico y las habilidades motrices en escolares (Acute effects of different warm-up strategies on physical performance and motor skills in schoolchildren)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez ◽  
Alexander Schweppe-Villa ◽  
Aarón Parra-Gatica ◽  
Falú Cid-Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los efectos de distintos tipos de calentamientos aplicados en escolares sobre la calidad de movimiento de las habilidades motrices y el rendimiento de salto y carrera. La metodología utilizada fue a partir de un diseño estudio cruzado aleatorizado (n=27 escolares), que incluyó tres condiciones experimentales para valorar el efecto agudo de distintos tipos de calentamiento (tradicional, basado en juegos adaptados reducidos y FIFA 11+) sobre el salto vertical, sprint en 20 metros y habilidades motoras de locomoción y control de objetos en niños y niñas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparativa a través de ANOVA de medidas repetidas y Friedman con sus pruebas post-hoc según corresponda. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de calentamiento mostraron diferencias significativas en sprint, salto vertical y habilidades motoras, respecto al a la condición control sin calentamiento. El calentamiento basado en juegos adaptados reducidos presentó efectos superiores que las otras modalidades en las habilidades motoras de locomoción (p< .05). Las comparaciones entre calentamientos mostraron que la intervención basada en FIFA 11+ mostró ser más eficaz en reducir el tiempo de sprint en 20 metros y aumentar la altura del salto vertical (p< .05). En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que, la selección de una estrategia adecuada basada en una diversidad de experiencias motrices como las ofrecidas por los protocolos de calentamiento FIFA11+ y de juegos adaptados reducidos podría ser clave para mejorar el rendimiento motor y la magnitud de los beneficios asociados al calentamiento.  Abstract: The objective of this research is to assess the effects of different types of warm-ups applied in schoolchildren on the quality of movement of motor skills and jumping and sprint performance. The methodology used was based on a randomized crossover study design (n = 27 schoolchildren), which included three experimental conditions to assess the acute effect of different types of warm-up (traditional, based on reduced adapted games and FIFA 11+) on the vertical jump, sprint in 20 meters and motor skills of locomotion and control of objects in children. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used through repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman with its post-hoc tests as appropriate. The results show that all types of warm-up showed significant differences in sprint, vertical jump and motor skills, compared to the control condition without warm-up. The warm-up based on reduced adapted games presented greater effects than the other modalities on the motor skills of locomotion (p <.05). Comparisons between warm-ups showed that the intervention based on FIFA 11+ was shown to be more effective in reducing sprint time by 20 meters and increasing vertical jump height (p <.05).  In conclusion, this study suggests that the selection of an appropriate strategy based on a diversity of motor experiences such as those offered by the FIFA11 + warm-up protocols and reduced adapted games could be key to improving motor performance and the magnitude of the benefits associated with warm-up.

scholarly journals Αcute Effect of Two Different Post-Activation Potentiation Running Protocols on Sprint Performance of Preadolescent Boys

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Petrakis ◽  
Bassa ◽  
Papavasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Omni Scale

AIM: Forward and backward sprint are two types of locomotion commonly used in sports. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of two post-activation potentiation sprint protocols, including the aforementioned types of locomotion, in subsequent 20-m sprint performance (SP) and the possible fatigue caused by them in preadolescent boys. MATERIAL & METHOD: Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.49 ± 0.52 years) volunteered to participate in the study. Boys’ SP was evaluated randomly on three non-consecutive days. SP was evaluated 4 min after (a) a typical warm-up (3 min jogging and dynamic stretching), (b) the typical warm-up followed by 3 x 10 m forward sprint and (c) the typical warm-up followed by 3 × 10 m backward sprint. Τhe Microgate Witty Wireless Training Timer was used for the evaluation of SP and the 10-degree OMNI scale for the evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion. RESULTS: ANOVA with repeated measures indicated no statistically significant effect of protocol on the 0–5, 0–10 and 0–20 m SP (p > 0.05). On the contrary, it was found that the protocols in which 3 × 10 m forward or backward sprint was incorporated caused statistically significant greater fatigue than the control protocol (p < 0.001), without any differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of three 10-m sprints, either forward or backward, to a standard warm-up does not cause acute improvement in 20-m sprint performance in preadolescent boys, as both protocols cause greater fatigue than a typical warm-up. Therefore, their addition to warm-up of preadolescent boys is not recommended.

scholarly journals 51 Intranasal oxytocin improves plasma non-esterified fatty acids but not distance walked or cortisol concentrations at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract Beef calves express behaviors such as walking and vocalizing to a greater extend during weaning. These behaviors increase production costs due to compromised calf growth, health, and welfare. Oxytocin treatment reduces anxious behaviors and attenuates the HPA axis, thus the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of oxytocin on calf growth, cortisol, and distance walked at weaning. A total of 20 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), intranasal oxytocin or saline (OXT, CON). All calves were administered the respective intranasal treatment at weaning (day 0), and then placed in the same pasture. Calves were weighed and blood sampled on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used to quantify non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, and cortisol. Each heifer was fitted with a global positioning system collar that recorded calf location every 10 seconds for 16 h on days 0, 7, and 14. To further evaluate calf behavior, observations were made on days 0, 7, and 14 using instantaneous scan sampling from 0730 to 0830, 1200 to 1300, and 1700 to 1800 h. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with repeated measures model (SAS 9.4). Providing calves with intranasal oxytocin on the day of weaning did not have an effect on the distance walked, observed behavior, body weight, β-hydroxybutyrate, or cortisol concentrations, however, there was a day effect (P &lt; 0.05) for these variables. Intranasal oxytocin treatment did affect NEFA concentrations, as calves in the CON group had greater NEFA concentrations on day 1 compared with calves in the OXT group (P &lt; 0.05). These data imply that intranasal oxytocin could have the capacity to decrease mobilization of NEFA, but this change was not enough to affect body weight 14 days after weaning.

scholarly journals Locomotor exercise induces long-lasting impairments in the capacity of the human motor cortex to voluntarily activate knee extensor muscles

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simranjit K. Sidhu ◽  
David J. Bentley ◽  
Timothy J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Human Motor Cortex

Muscle fatigue is a reduction in the capacity to exert force and may involve a “central” component originating in the brain and/or spinal cord. Here we examined whether supraspinal factors contribute to impaired central drive after locomotor endurance exercise. On 2 separate days, 10 moderately active individuals completed a locomotor cycling exercise session or a control session. Brief (2 s) and sustained (30 s) isometric knee extension contractions were completed before and after locomotor exercise consisting of eight, 5-min bouts of cycling at 80% of maximum workload. In the control session, subjects completed the isometric contractions in a rested state. Twitch responses to supramaximal motor nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were obtained to assess peripheral force-generating capacity and voluntary activation. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force during brief contractions decreased by 23 ± 6.3% after cycling exercise and remained 12 ± 2.8% below baseline 45 min later ( F1,9 > 15.5; P < 0.01). Resting twitch amplitudes declined by ∼45% ( F1,9 = 28.3; P < 0.001). Cortical voluntary activation declined from 90.6 ± 1.6% at baseline to 80.6 ± 2.1% after exercise ( F1,9 = 28.0; P < 0.001) and remained significantly reduced relative to control 30–45 min later (80.6 ± 3.4%; F1,9 = 10.7; P < 0.01). Thus locomotor exercise caused a long-lasting impairment in the capacity of the motor cortex to drive the knee extensors. Force was reduced more during sustained MVC after locomotor exercise than in the control session. Peripheral mechanisms contributed relatively more to this force reduction in the control session, whereas supraspinal fatigue played a greater role in sustained MVC reduction after locomotor exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of Warm-Up Music Preference on Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Division I NCAA Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Meglic ◽  
Caroline M. Orman ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
Christopher G. Ballmann
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Division I ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Warm Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred warm-up music on anaerobic sprint performance in Division I NCAA female athletes. Female collegiate athletes (n = 14) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced, crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits, each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred (Pref) or non-preferred (Non-pref). During each visit, participants completed a 3 min standardized cycling warm-up at 50 Watts while listening to Pref or Non-pref music. Following this, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) with a 2 min active recovery period in between tests. Motivation to exercise was measured immediately following the warm-up (WU), WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured after each WAnT. Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 48 h. Mean power, total work, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. Mean power (p = 0.044; d = 0.91) and total work (p = 0.045; d = 0.78) were significantly higher during the Pref music condition versus Non-pref. RPE remained unchanged regardless of condition (p = 0.536; d = 0.01). Motivation was significantly higher with Pref warm-up music compared to Non-pref (p < 0.001; d = 1.55). These results show that listening to Pref warm-up music has an ergogenic benefit during repeated sprints in comparison to Non-pref music and improves motivation to exercise. Listening to warm-up music prior to high-intensity repeated exercise may aid in optimizing performance and training in collegiate athletes.

scholarly journals EARLY STRENGTH TESTING AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ISOKINETIC STRENGTH PERFORMANCE AT TIME OF RETURN TO SPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0011
Author(s):  
Adam Weaver ◽  
Dylan Roman ◽  
Maua Mosha ◽  
Nicholas Giampetruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Strength Tests

Background: The standard of care in ACL reconstruction (ACLR) typically involves standardized strength testing at 6 months or later to assess a patient’s readiness to return to play (RTP) using isokinetic and isometric testing, and functional strength testing. Recent literature suggests that isokinetic knee extension strength should demonstrate 89% limb symmetry index (LSI) or greater prior to returning to sport. However, there is little known on the effects of strength testing early in the rehabilitation process and the relationship to strength test performance at time of RTP. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how early post-operative strength test performance impacts isokinetic strength outcomes at RTP testing in adolescents. Methods: The retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing primary ACLR between 12 and 18 years of age, early post-operative strength measures, and isokinetic dynamometer strength at RTP from July 2017 and April 2019. Data was dichotomized into desired outcomes at 3 months: >70% isometric knee extension LSI, > 20 repetitions on anterior stepdown test (AST), > 90% LSI Y Balance. At RTP testing, isokinetic knee extension strength data was categorized into >89% LSI at 3 speeds (300, 180, 60°/sec). Chi square testing and odds ratio statistics were used to examine association and its magnitude. Results: 63 patients met inclusion criteria (38 females; 15.37±1.66 years old). >70% LSI isometric knee extension strength at 3 months showed a significant association (Table 2) and demonstrated the strongest odds of having >89% LSI on isokinetic strength tests at all 3 speeds at RTP with 180°/sec being the highest (OR=14.5; 95% CI=4.25,49.43; p= <0.001). Performance on AST showed a significant association (χ2 (1, n=63) = 17.00, p <0.001), and highest odds at 180°/sec (OR=4.61; 95% CI = 1.59, 13.39, p=<0.001) and 60°/sec (OR= 3.07; 95% CI = 1.10, 8.63, p= 0.04). Combination of performance on isometric strength tests and AST showed a significant association to isokinetic strength at all three speeds, but less predictive then isometrics in isolation. (Table 2). There was no significant relationship between YBR LSI at 3 months and isokinetic strength at 6 months. Conclusion: Standardized strength testing early in rehabilitation can help identify patients that will successfully complete RTP testing. Our results suggest that isometric knee extension strength and timed anterior stepdown test provide meaningful clinical information early in the rehabilitation process. This data also suggests that the use of YBAL for predicting isokinetic strength performance is limited. [Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Profil izokinetickej sily extenzorov a flexorov kolena u mladých futbalových hráčov

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Tomáš Malý ◽  
František Zahálka ◽  
Lucia Malá ◽  
Jaroslav Teplan
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Concentric Contraction ◽  
Angular Velocities

Th e aim of the study was to present isokinetic strength profi le of knee fl exors and extensors during concentric contraction in young soccer players. Particularly in knee fl exors was evaluated also strength during eccentric contraction. Research group was state from young soccer players U17 category (n=19, age=16,4±0,3 years). All of them are the participant of highest junior soccer league. Isokinetic strength was evaluated by isokinetic dynamometr Cybex Humac Norm in following angular velocities: 30, 60 and 120°/s in eccentric contraction and 60, 180, 240 and 300 °/s in concentric contraction. Th e results did not revealed signifi cant diff erences at three diff erent speed levels of knee fl exors’ strength during eccentric contraction (p>0,05). Regarding the concentric contraction we found signifi cant diff erences for strength production depending on angular velocity for both knee extensors and fl exors (p<0,01). Knee fl exors generated more strength during eccentric contraction compared to concentric contraction. Th e strength profi les developed in the present study can assist in the establishment of baseline data in young soccer players or for comparison values with other researchers.

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