scholarly journals EDITORIAL

Welcome to the new issue of the Contemporary Military Challenges, which differs from others. The most loyal readers will soon notice that they already know the authors and that the discussed subjects are not really topical. Strange? Not really. This issue concludes the period, very important for military literature in Slovenia. We have been issuing our publication for fifteen years. Originally titled Slovenian Armed Forces Bulletin, the publication was later renamed Contemporary Military Challenge. This time, the publication, issued by the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces, is devoted to executive and managing editors who have contributed to the creation of the publication in the past. According to the Editorial Board, they have probably been the ones most responsible and certainly persistent enough to provide for a continued issuing of the publication. Still more, with time, the publication was issued more frequently and regularly, while the level of quality increased. Upon its fifteenth anniversary, we wish to extend our appreciation to all who have in any way contributed to the creation of this publication. On this occasion, we have collected the editorials of executive and managing editors, marking important anniversaries or changes in our publication, as well as some of the first articles written for this publication. In the first part, the editorials point to the main three reasons, which led the then Chief of the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces to prepare the first issue of the publication. All other editorials, however, give a detailed description of the purpose and goals of the publication. They offer a short review of the work accomplished by the editorial boards, illustrate the current situation and provide a look ahead. It is our firm belief that such presentation best reflects the development of the publication on its anniversary. The majority of executive and managing editors have also made the effort to write for the publication, thus setting an example for the creation of military professional literature. They have built and developed their professional, some of them also their academic, careers. Their early works, published in the second part of this jubilee issue, present the approaches and motives leading to the reflexions about the military then and in the future. A special chapter is devoted to the presentation of authors and their career paths. I extend my sincere gratitude to all executive and managing editors for their contribution to the development of the publication; all members of editorial boards for the invested effort; proof-readers for their care for the Slovenian language; translators for the quality transfer of Slovenian thoughts into the international environment, and all those who have never been mentioned, but have made the issuing of the final product possible. We continue to count on all of those who have cooperated with us so far and, of course, on those would wish to do so in the future. The Contemporary Military Challenges will serve as the opportunity to share our knowledge, findings and experiences with those employed with the Slovenian Armed Forces as well as those from the wider environment. This will provide us with an opportunity to prove our expertise, which was the aim of the first and all of the following executive and managing editors. Since 2010, the Contemporary Military Challenges has been indexed in an international database, which means that the publication has been recognised both scientifically and professionally. Our goal is to index the publication in additional databases as well as to expand and enhance cooperation with other editorial boards.

Author(s):  
ALOJZ ŠTEINER

Desetletno obdobje izhajanja Biltena Slovenske vojske (Bilten SV) je priložnost za analizo prehojene poti, pa tudi za pogled v prihodnost. V članku so predstavljeni kvantitativni kazalci uspešnosti izhajanja publikacije: pregled izdanih številk, število prispevkov, število natisnjenih strani in obravnavanih vprašanj z različnih področij delovanja Slovenske vojske in širšega obrambnega sistema ter število avtorjev. Več kot 150 avtorjev je skupaj oblikovalo skoraj 200 predvsem strokovnih člankov. Na začetku leta 2008 je bil oblikovan novi uredniški odbor, že sedmi po vrsti, ki si je zastavil nekaj smelih ciljev, ki jih predstavljamo v nadaljevanju. Seveda pa so glavni izzivi povezani s ciljem uredniške politike, da se v razvrstitvi strokovnih publikacij Bilten SV uvrsti v višji razred, da se povečata strokovnost in število znanstvenih prispevkov, da tako postane ogledalo strokovnosti in profesionalnosti naše vojske. Temu izzivu sledijo predstavljena vizija in strategija uredniškega odbora ter predvsem povabilo k širjenju kroga ustvarjalcev in mreže prejemnikov oziroma bralcev. The tenth anniversary of the Slovenian Armed Forces' Bulletin (in the further text: SAF Bulletin) provides an opportunity to make an in­depth analysis of the past and a view to the future. The article presents analytical indicators of the past period and achievements in terms of the number of issues, printed pages and topics covering various areas of Slovenian Armed Forces' operations and beyond. More than 150 authors have participated in the creation of almost 200 predominantly subject­matter related articles. The beginning of the year 2008 saw the establishment of the new editorial board, the seventh in the row that set some ambitious goals also described in this article. The main challenges are linked with the desire and goal of the SAF Bulletin editorial policy to improve its ranking in the classification of professional publications, to upgrade the level of professionalism and to increase the number of scientific articles, thereby reflecting the level of expertise and professionalism of the Slovenian Armed Forces. This challenge is the basis for the presented vision and strategy of the editorial board and, most of all, an invitation to expand the network of authors, subscribers and readers.


Author(s):  
LILIANA BROŽIČ

In 2018, the publication Modern Military Challenges celebrates the 20th anniversary of its publication. The 20th anniversary of the publication of military professional and scientific texts is an excellent achievement for the Slovenian Armed Forces, which has been off age for quite some time now. Initially, the goals of the Editorial Board were more modest. With the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces, as it was called at the time, they wanted mainly to distribute the knowledge of all those who had returned from various education programmes and trainings abroad. With the efforts of all those who took part in creating it, the publication has grown to gain a scientific and professional character and, as such, it has been indexed in the PAIS International database since 2010. The Slovenian Armed Forces publishes specialised military literature on the basis of Article 42 of the Defence Act, which within the control of armed forces also includes a regulation that the minister, in addition to other areas, also decides on specialised military literature. This allows for the care for specialised military literature to be constantly present in the defence sector; however, outside the defence sector, it is unfortunately missing. Military specialised and scientific topics can rarely be found in printed form. As a rule, they are prepared as a result of personal motivation and not so much of the systemic development of the subject matter. For this very reason, specialised military literature needs to be developed all the more carefully, and the development of military scientific topics promoted in cooperation with Slovenian and other foreign institutions, where the critical mass of intelligentsia and funding is significantly higher than in Slovenia. On this important anniversary, the Contemporary Military Challenges are in good shape. The statistics show that, in the two decades, 438 articles have been written by 594 authors. 51 percent of them were members of the Slovenian Armed Forces, 29 percent were from other Slovenian institutions and 12 percent of them were foreign authors. Only eight percent of authors come from the administrative part of the Ministry of Defence. The largest number of external authors participated in 2008, i.e. 50 percent, and most foreign authors in 2010 and 2016. In the former case, the share was 42 percent, and in the latter case, 50 percent of all authors. The share of contributions from the administrative part of the Ministry of Defence, which includes the Defence Policy Directorate in charge of monitoring the defence future and drafting important documents in the field of defence policy has, however, been the smallest in the history of the publication. Indeed, this is a smaller organizational unit, but in terms of substance, a very important one for the defence sector. Nevertheless, or perhaps, for this very reason, the Directorate did not contribute any professional or scientific article in 2013, 2015, and 2017. We expect and wish that this year this would change.


Author(s):  
Ulyana Pidvalna ◽  

Oksana Stanislavivna Zayachkivska (born on July 24, 1960, Lviv) – Doctor of Medicine, Professor (2008), Head of the Department of Normal Physiology (2016) at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. She is a full member of Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) (2018), chairman of the Medical Commission of SSS (2015-2018), Member of the Physiological Society (UK), Global GI Club in FASEB, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR-GI section), Honorary Ambassador of Lviv (2019–21). Her ​​research is mainly focused on the problems of the physiology of digestion, stress and the creation of preclinical models of gastrointestinal diseases. Professor studies new stress biomarkers, anti-stress agents and the formation of stress resistance; elucidates molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection. Oksana Zayachkivska is the author and co-author of over 300 scientific original works and translations of the English-language professional literature. She is the member of the Editorial Board and Editor-in-Chief of the “Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences” journal (2015–2020), member of the Editorial boards of “Frontier in Pharmacology” (Switzerland), “Southeast European Medical Journal” (Croatia), “Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology” (USA).


Author(s):  
LILIANA BROŽIČ

Reading the title of this editorial, many might think that Contemporary Military Challenges have not been published for so many years, and that before there was another publication, entitled Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. In a way, this is, of course, true. Nevertheless, this year indeed marks 20 years since the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces began to publish its own publication, at the time called the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. Its purpose was to inform the internal and external public about the novelties in the fields of security, defence and the military or better armed forces. Normally, in NATO and EU member states, professional and scientific defence-related works are published by ministries of defence, or research institutes within the ministries, which issue publications on defence-strategy related topics. General Staffs, however, publish their own publications, which are typically intended for military professionals. Educational organizational units usually issue publications intended for the publication of graduation thesis of students at various levels of military education, while military museums or related units are responsible for the development of topics relating to military history. Following this concept, the publication Vojstvo (Armed Forces) was published between 1996 and 2000 by the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia. The General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces first published the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces in 1999. The date written in the first issue is September 1999; however, according to the co-workers who contributed to this success, the first issue was in fact printed in November 1999. In addition to the Contemporary Military Challenges, two other periodicals are being published in the Slovenian Armed Forces, namely, Vojaškošolski zbornik (Military Schools Bulletin), issued by the Military Schools Centre, and Vojaška zgodovina (Military History) issued by the Military Museum, which also forms a part of the Military School Centre. The gap, which occurred after Vojstvo was no longer published, was gradually filled by the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces, later the Modern Military Challenges, which publishes scientific and professional articles by Slovenian and foreign authors. The name of the publication was changed upon the advice of Editorial Board members on the grounds that the name “bulletin” did not reflect the contents or the subject field of the publication. In the dictionary of standard Slovene, the Slovene equivalent for “bulletin” is defined as a short official message to the public, a note, an informative periodical or newsletter. Consequently, the editorial board undertook the demanding task of finding a new name for the publication and found the name Contemporary Military Challenges. Much work and effort have been invested in the production of a military publication. The majority of those who contributed to this effort were engaged primarily on their own initiative, in private time. Writing articles according to international standards requires order, effort and discipline. Many gave up before they even started to write and, the authors who did write articles for this military publication, in most cases, departed from the average further down their careers. The authors were numerous. Sixty people have been members of the editorial board between the beginning of the publication and the end of 2018. Since 2008, when peer review was introduced, 279 authors have contributed their articles, many of them repeatedly. The one especially standing out is a Slovenian Armed Forces Major who has written 10 articles. The list of all referees includes 103 names. The referee who has contributed the largest number of reviews is a Brigadier General with 54 reviews. There are also 18 referees who have contributed more than ten reviews. The long years of effort have been fruitful and resulted in a fact that, in 2010, the Slovenian Armed Forces publication was indexed in the PAIS International database within Proquest. Consequently, it was included in the list of the journals of the Slovenian Research Agency. For the publication of articles in the Contemporary Military Challenges, the authors are therefore granted 30 academic points. Year No of articles Scientific articles Professional articles Editorial 2017 24 21 (87.5%) 3 (12.5%) 5 2016 25 18 (72%) 7 (28%) 5 2015 21 10 (48%) 11 (52%) 4 2014 25 16 (64%) 9 (36%) 4 2013 24 12 (50%) 12 (50%) 10 2012 26 11 (44%) 14 (56%) 4 2011 31 17 (54%) 14 (45%) 4 2010 45 17 (37%) 28 (62%) 4 2009 42 18 (43%) 24 (57%) 7 There is no need to worry about the quality of the contents in the future, since the editorial board and the editorial council provide a wide range of authors from various fields, institutions and countries. On the 20th anniversary of the publication, appreciation goes to every single person who has contributed to the fact that, even when everything did not run smoothly, the publication kept going and was regularly published. There have been and still are individuals who have contributed more, better and with more motivation, but everyone deserves credit for the success of the publication. In this last issue of the jubilee year, the authors devoted themselves to very topical subjects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-118
Author(s):  
Leszek Kania

The article is a two-part law and historical sketch that presents the organization and outline of the activity of the field judiciary during the decisive events in the war with Soviet Russia in the summer of 1920. In this part of the article the author presents an outline of the organization and the activity of the field judiciary since the beginning of its existence to the beginning of July 1920. The justice service of the Polish army came into being as an integral part of the armed forces alongside with the creation of different departments and services of the Ministry of Military Affairs and the General Staff of the Polish Army in the autumn of 1918. The military courts were created since the first days of November 1918 in Cracow, Lublin, Warsaw and Cieszyn, while in Przemyśl and Lviv – since the end of November. In January 1919 the field courts were created at the commands of the great units of the Lithauanian-Belarusan Front. As a separate structure, the field judiciary came into being in spring 1919 and was part of the High Command of the Polish Army. Until September 1920, at the commands of large units and operation formations (divisions, brigades, operation groups, armies and fronts), as well as commands, garrisons and strongholds, about 60–70 field courts and several judicial and legal departments were created. Field courts played a subordinate, although remarkable role in the command system of large units and operation formations, and in keeping the discipline and internal cohesion of the army.


2021 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. Isaenko

In No. 5/2020 of our magazine, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the creation of the United Nations, it was mentioned that representatives of the military diplomacy took part in the development of the UN Charter: Rear Admiral Rodionov K. K. and Lieutenant General Slavin N. V. This article refers to another military diplomat who was also part of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco Conference and actively participated in the preparation of the most important UN document, Lieutenant General Vasiliev A. F., an offi cer of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR.


In autumn 2015, we in the Editorial Board of Contemporary Military Challenges decided to re-publish for our readers the topics, which had been first published between 2012 and 2014 and are related to the development of the Slovenian Armed Forces. The Slovenian versions of these articles have already been published before, while the aim of this issue is to share the views and thoughts of the authors also with others in the international environment. Therefore the articles have been translated into English. For many years, we have been members of various international and security organizations. Over this period, we have gained a lot of experience in the field of international cooperation, both in peacetime structures and in international operations and missions. Looking ahead, it is important to possess abundant knowledge, both theoretical and practical, and to exchange it. In quality exchange of knowledge, writing of articles, first and foremost in one's mother tongue, can also be of assistance. In 2011, I discussed the importance of writing and producing Slovenian military literature in Slovenian language with Dr Ada Vidovič Muha, expert in Slovenian language and the first Head of the Department of Slovenian Studies at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana. She mentioned that the texts of highest quality were always produced in a native language, while those produced in a foreign language never identically depict what the author had said or wanted to say. Certainly, we all agree with her statement. The translations of articles in this issue were first reviewed by Slovenian proof-readers, then by translators employed in the Slovenian Armed Forces (i.e. Ministry of Defence), who have long been closely and carefully taking care of the texts produced in the Slovenian defence system. The authors also did their share of work by thoroughly reading through and authorising the translations of their articles. When articles, which have been written some time ago, are re-published, there is always a question of their topicality. Is a specific topic already irrelevant? Were the author’s predictions for the future when he wrote the article correct or false? After the articles translated for this issue had been published for the first time, we received different responses and comments. But it is also true that none of those commenters ever wrote any articles to substantiate their comments. Therefore, the articles remained written down, while the opinions and comments on them were lost somewhere on air. Now, you, as the readers of this issue, have the opportunity to assess the topicality of the articles yourselves. Igor Kotnik based his article Professionalization of the Slovenian Armed Forces – a goal or a path on the project “Transition to professional armed forces complemented with contractual reserve” (PROVOJ), which started in 2003. The author defines the present-day situation and wonders how we should proceed in the given circumstances and considering the restrictions which he divides into nine thematic challenges. Viktor Potočnik writes about Slovenian Armed Forces size and character. A lot has already been written, in general, about how many members and which types of units the Slovenian Armed Forces should have. In this paper, the author reveals the truth. His overview and the calculations are very simple and transparent. Just as when the article was first published, we again wonder whether there is anyone among the readers who does not agree with his opinion and would be willing to write an article about it. The article by Mojca Pešec and Uroš Krek Can the process of professional military education create military strategists presents the authors’ views of the education programmes for military strategists in Slovenia both from the theoretical and practical points of view. The authors also substantiate the need for more intensive and better quality strategic theory study programmes. Ivan Žnidar acquaints readers with Transformation challenges to safety and security at Slovenian sea. He states that comprehensive approach, cooperation, coordination and integration of various services for safety at sea provide some of the answers to the question of the rationalisation of the modern security environment. The article Participation of the Slovenian Armed Forces in international operations and missions in light of foreign policy of the Republic of Slovenia by Branko Podbrežnik highlights international, political and legal frameworks that affect and define the functioning of the Slovenian Armed Forces in the turbulent international environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chief Editor Of Anterior J

Assalamu�alaikum Wr. Wb.Dear reader, now ANTERIOR JURNAL re-published on Volume 18 Issue 2 June 2019. The success of this publication is the result of good cooperation of all parties who maintain the publishing sustainability twice a year. This edition is also our latest edition, publishing articles with a multidisciplinary scope, starting from volume 19 Issue 1 December 2019, all articles in the ANTERIOR JURNAL are only focused on the Social-Humanities scope, covering all fields of education, social and political, Islamic studies and other relevant topics. In this edition, we are still publishing four articles in the field of agrotechnology and engineering, which will be the last time we publish articles in the field of science at the ANTERIOR JURNAL.Alhamdulillah, from this edition ANTERIOR JURNAL achieved a new milestone by publishing two English-language articles. We hope this will be a step forward for the future internationalization of the Journal.The publication of ANTERIOR JURNAL certainly participates in disseminating the results of research and review of science and technology development conducted by lecturers and researchers especially from UM Palangkaraya and other universities.This edition contains 12 articles consisting of Education, Social and Political, Islamic Studies, Engineering, and Agrotechnology topics. Editorial boards are fully aware that there is still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions.The editorial board would like to thank the University, all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repertoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for the success of the publication in the next edition in December 2019. Wassalamu�alaikum Wr. Wb.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Satri Yadi ◽  
Yuniarti Munaf ◽  
Dhasono Dhasono

AbstrakAso Gumbalo dalam penciptaan karya seni lukis diilhami dari kehidupan pengembala yang menjadi inspirasi pencipta yang diungkap melalui media seni lukis dengan mengambil ide “Harapan Pengembala” (Aso Gumbalo). Harapan Gembala dapat diartikan sebagai keinginan, kecendrungan dan dorongan hati yang kuat terhadap sesuatu hal yang ingin direalisasikan untuk menjadikan seorang lebih baik dimasa depan. Pengekspresian ide cipta berangkat dari fenomena Aso Gumbalo yang pencipta ungkap dengan ekspresi simbolik kedalam penciptaan karya seni lukis. Metode penciptaan karya ini melalui tahapan yaitu; 1) Tahap eksplorasi adalah tahap pencarian ide-ide dengan melakukan riset emik dan etik untuk pembuatan karya, 2) Tahap perancangan yaitu tahap pembuatan purwarupa yang akan diwujudkan kedalam bentuk karya seni lukis, 3) Tahap proses garapan karya. Konsep dari penciptaan karya merupakan ekspresi simbolik dengan memanfaatkan idiom tradisi, ekspresi tersebut digambarkan pada perwujudan karya menggunakan strategi media dan strategi visual dengan menggunakan konsep pengolahan bentuk, yaitu disformasi dan transformasi dengan melakukan penggabungan beberapa teknik antara lain, teknik plakat, transparan, tekstur semu dan tekstur nyata. Aso Gumbalo sebagai inspirasi yang diungkapkan dalam bentuk karya seni lukis ekspresi simbolik. Karya-karya yang diciptakan pengkarya disajikan dalam bentukpameran.           Kata Kunci:aso gumbalo, ekspresi simbolik, seni lukis.   AbstractAsoGumbalo in the creation of painting works was inspired from the life of the shepherd who became the inspiration of the creator which revealed through the medium of painting by taking the idea of "Hope of the Shepherd" (AsoGumbalo). Shepherd Hope can be interpreted as a strong desire, inclination and encouragement towards something that wants to be realized to make someone better in the future. The expression of copyrighted ideas departs from the phenomenon of AsoGumbalo, which the creator expressed with a symbolic expression into the creation of painting. This method of creating works through several stages, namely; 1) The exploration phase is the stage of searching for ideas by conducting emic and ethical research for the production of works, 2) the design phase that is the prototype-making stage which will be realized in the form of painting, 3) the process stage of the work done. The concept of creation of works is a symbolic expression by utilizing traditional idioms, these expressions are depicted in the realization of the work using media strategies and visual strategies by using the concept of form processing, namely deformation and transformation by combining several techniques, such as plaque, transparent, pseudo-texture and real texture. AsoGumbalo as an inspiration expressed in the form of paintings of symbolic expression. works created by artists are presented in the form of exhibitions.  Keywords:asogumbalo, symbolic expression, painting.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-367
Author(s):  
Roberto Paura

Transhumanism is one of the main “ideologies of the future” that has emerged in recent decades. Its program for the enhancement of the human species during this century pursues the ultimate goal of immortality, through the creation of human brain emulations. Therefore, transhumanism offers its fol- lowers an explicit eschatology, a vision of the ultimate future of our civilization that in some cases coincides with the ultimate future of the universe, as in Frank Tipler’s Omega Point theory. The essay aims to analyze the points of comparison and opposition between transhumanist and Christian eschatologies, in particular considering the “incarnationist” view of Parousia. After an introduction concern- ing the problems posed by new scientific and cosmological theories to traditional Christian eschatology, causing the debate between “incarnationists” and “escha- tologists,” the article analyzes the transhumanist idea of mind-uploading through the possibility of making emulations of the human brain and perfect simulations of the reality we live in. In the last section the problems raised by these theories are analyzed from the point of Christian theology, in particular the proposal of a transhuman species through the emulation of the body and mind of human beings. The possibility of a transhumanist eschatology in line with the incarnationist view of Parousia is refused.


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